Amatora ya Amerika 2024: Musk ariko atanga miliyoni ku batora; none birahuye n'amategeko?

Abantu bakomeje kwibaza ibibazo vyinshi ku bijanye n’amafaranga umutunzi ruhebwa kw’isi Elon Musk akomeje guha abanyagihugu, amafranga yemererwa abiyandikishije gutora mu maleta akunze kuba mahindagu, babanje kwemera gushira umukono ku rwandiko rw’icifuzo co guhindura ibwirizwa nshingiro, imbere y’amatora yo ku wa 5 Munyonyo (11).

Urwo rwandiko rwazanywe n‘umugwi America PAC wa bwana Musk, washizweho ngo ufashe Donald Trump kwiyamamariza ikibanza c’umukuru w’igihugu.

Abazoja gutora bo muri leta ya Pennsylvania bahabwa amafranga kubera gusa gushira umukono kuri urwo rwandiko. Hanyuma buri musi, umuntu umwe mu baba mu maleta akunze kudashoka agaragaza aho ahagaze mu gutora atombora miliyoni imwe y’amadolari.

Ariko abanonosoye amategeko bavuga ko bishobora kuba biciye kubiri n’amategeko ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gutanga amafranga ku gikorwa ico arico cose gisaba umuntu gushira umukono ku rwandiko abanje kwerekana ko yiyandikishije gutora.

BBC yagerageje kuvugana n’umugwi wa Musk hamwe na America PAC ngo bagire ico bavuga kuri ibi.

Musk ariko atanga iki?

Urwandiko rwatanzwe n’umugwi ufasha Trump mu kwiyamamaza, America PAC, ruhimiriza abazotora mu maleta agera kuri atandatu akunze kuba mahindagu mu gutora (swing states) - Georgia, Nevada, Arizona, Michigan, Wisconsin na Carolina ya Ruguru – gushira umukono "ku rwandiko rushigikiye ubwisanzure mu gushikiriza ivyiyumviro, hamwe n’uburenganzira bwo gutunga ibirwanisho".

Uwushoboye kuzana uwundi muntu umwe mu bafise uburenganzira bwo gutora, agasinya urwo rwandiko, yemererwa guhabwa amadolari mirongo ine n’indwi ($47) kuri buri muntu.

Amafranga menshi gusumba ayo ariko aratangwa muri Pennsylvania, aho uwushize umukono kuri urwo rwandiko canke akazana uwundi agasinya, ahabwa amadolari ijana. Iyi ni leta yabaye ikigwanirwa hagati ya Trump na Harris mu gihe co kwiyamamaza, aho bikekwa ko ariyo ishobora no gutuma hamenyekana uwo intsinzi ishobora kwegukira.

America PAC, ivuga ko abashize umukono kuri urwo rwandiko baba berekanye ko bashigikiye impinyanyuro ya mbere n’iya kabiri (first & second amandments) mw’ibwirizwa nshingiro rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Buri musi, kugeza kw’itariki ya gatanu Munyonyo ari wo musi w’amatora, agashimwe ka miliyoni imwe kazokwama gatangwa ku muntu umwe mu baba muri leta za mahindagu avuye mu bashize umukono kuri urwo rwandiko.

Isheke (chèque) ya mbere, yahawe ku gihamana, umuntu mu nama rusangi yo ku musi wa gatandatu ku mugoroba muri leta ya Pennsylvanie, iyindi yatanzwe kw’itariki 19 Gitugutu.

Birahuye n’amategeko?

"Nibaza ko bishoboka cane ko ayo mafaranga Musk atanga aciye kubiri n’amategeko," ivyo ni ibivugwa na Paul Schiff Berman, umwigisha mu gisata c’amategeko ca Walter S. Cox muri kaminuza ya George Washington.

Adoma urutoke ku ngingo yo mu gitabo c’amategeko mw’ibwirizwa rigenga amatora rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ivuga ko umuntu wese atanze, ahawe canke yemerewe amafaranga kugirango yiyandikishe gutora canke kugirango atore, ashobora guhanishwa ihadabu y’ibihumbi icumi vy’ama dolari ($10,000) canke umunyororo w’imyaka itanu.

Berman yabwiye BBC ati : "Amafaranga yiwe agenewe abanditswe kuzotora gusa, rero ndibaza ko kubw’iryo tegeko, ayo mafaranga yiwe adakwiye kwemerwa.''

Igisata kijejwe amategeko muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cahakanye kugira ico kivuze. Umugwi ushinzwe amatora ku rwego rw’igihugu (Federal Election Commission)- FEC nawo warasabwe kugira ico ubivuzeko.

Iyo ngendo ishobora kwikinga mu kiza c’amategeko agenga amatora muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kuko nta n’umwe ahabwa ayo mafaranga mu ntoke, nk’uko bivugwa n’uwahoze ayoboye umugwi ujejwe amatora FEC.

Brad Smith yabwiye ikinyamakuru ‘New York Times’ ko uburyo ayo mafaranga atangwa bidashoka bigaragaza nimba bubangamiye canke butabangamiye amategeko.

Yagize ati: “Nta bantu ariko arasaba kwiyandikisha gutora, ahubwo asaba abamaze kwiyandikisha gutora ngo bashire umukono ku rwandiko, aha ndibaza ko ataho agongana n’amategeko”.

Ariko umwigisha w’amategeko muri kaminuza ya Northwestern University yabwiye BBC ko igihe (context) bibereye naco kiba ari igihambaye.

Michael Kang agira ati: “Ndatahura imyihwezo ya bamwe bamwe babona ko ivyo bidaciye kubiri n’amategeko, ariko biturutse ku gihe bibereye, biraboneka neza ko ari ugushaka gutuma abantu biyandikisha gutora mu buryo bushobora guteza ibibazo bijanye n’amategeko.

Nayo Adav Noti wo mu kigo cigenga giharanira uburenganzira bw’abanyagihugu bwo kuja mu matora, atawe gishigikiye muri iri sekeza ryo kwiyamamaza - Campaign Legal Center, yavuze ko bwana Musk ivyo akora biciye kubiri n’itegeko ryo ku rwego rw’igihugu (federal law) kandi bishobora guhanwa n’itegeko hisunzwe ubutungane”.

Noti yabwiye BBC ati : "Ntivyemewe n’amategeko gutanga amafranga ubanje kuraba ko abo uyagenera banditse ko bazotora”.

Umwigisha w’umuhinga mu bijanye n’ibwirizwa nshingiro muri kaminuza ya Northeastern University School mu gisata c’amategeko, porofeseri Jeremy Paul, yavuze mu butumwa yarungikiye BBC kuri e-mail, y’uko Musk ariko yikinga mu kiza c’ibihengeri kiri mu mategeko y’igihugu.

Avuga ko n’ubwo hari abashobora kwibaza ko ayo mafaranga ariko aratangwa aciye kubiri n’amategeko, “bitunganijwe mu buryo n’intumbero vyo kuzibukira icitwa amategeko, akaba rero yibaza ko urubanza kuri ibi rwogora gutsinda muri sentare.

Aba Democrates babivugako iki?

Bulamatari wa Pennsylvania Josh Shapiro, umu Democrate, yavuze ko iyo ngendo iteye amakenga, asaba ibigo bishinzwe amategeko gukora amatohoza.

Musk yasubije avuga ko ahubwo “biteye amakenga kubona Bulamatari ashobora kuvuga ikintu nk’ico”.

Uwundi mugwizatunga w’umutunzi ruhebwa Mark Cuban, yari amaze imisi afasha mu kwamamaza Kamala Harris, yavuze ko iryo tangwa ry’amafaranga ari “ikintu gishasha kandi ari ikimenyetso c’umwiheburo”.

Yabwiye CNBC ati : “Ibintu nk’ivyo ubikora iyo ubona ata kundi, utegerezwa kubikora nyene. Ariko gukoresha itangwa ry’udushirukabute duciye mu gutombora si iciyumviro kibi. Kumenya nimba bizofasha canke bitazofasha, ico ni ikindi kintu. Bishobora kumugaruka ahubwo”.

Hari inkurikizi?

Musk yasubije abamunegura avuga ati: “Ushobora kuba utari mu mugambwe canke ukava mu mugambwe uwo ariwo wose, kandi ntubwirizwa gutora kugirango ube woshira umukono kuri uru rwandiko''.

Yishuye kandi ko n’aba Democrates muri kahise bigeze guha abantu agashirukabute ku bikorwa nka bene ibi.

Ku rubuga X, yatanze ubutumwa buvuga ko umukuru wa Meta, Mark Zuckerberg, “yagize nk’ivyo muri 2020”.

Zuckerberg yatanze amadolari ibihumbi amajana ane ( $400.000) mu matora ya 2020- ariko ayo yahawe amashirahamwe abiri atari mu matora, kugirango afashe mu vya nkenegwa bijanye no gutora, abantu baciye mu maposita. Ntiyari amafaranga yahawe abantu bazotora.

Umugambwe w’aba Democrates, warashize inguvu mu bikorwa vyo gukangurira abantu kuwushigikira nko gushora ayagera ku miliyoni 25 mu bikorwa vyo kwiyamamaza mu 2022 mu matora yo hagati na hagati mu kiringo (mid-term/ mi-mandat).

Ariko n’aya mafaranga ntiyahabwa abatanga amajwi. Cari ikigega co guhemba ibikorwa bifasha guhimiriza abantu kuja kwiyandikisha, nko gukoresha abantu bagenda badodora ku rugi ku rundi, canke bagaca kuri tereviziyo, canke babicishije mw’isekeza ryifashisha ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi, bakararika abantu kuja kwiyandikisha gutora.

“Birarekuwe n’amategeko guhemba abantu kugirango bandike abatora, ariko ntushobora guhemba abantu ubwabo amafranga ubasaba kwiyandikisha gutora” – Professeur Kang.

Ni ibihe bindi Musk yakoze?

Uyu mugabo w’umutunzi kurusha abandi kw’isi yagiye agiranira imigenderanire ihindagurika na Trump igihe yari perezida, ariko muri ino myaka ho Musk aramaze kuvuga mu buryo bweruye ko adakunda aba Democrates.

Imbere y’amatora yo hagati mu kiringo mu 2022, yatangaje ko yavuye mu mugambwe kandi ahimiriza abamukurikira gutora Abarepublikani.

Muri uno mwaka, uruhara rwiwe rwaragaragaye cane muri politike ya Amerika kurusha uko vyigeze muri kahise kiwe, aho yatanze udushimwe akanashira amatangazo ku mbuga hwaniro, ashigikira aba Republikani benshi.

Mu majambo yanditse mu misi iheze, yavuze ko uruhome rugabura Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Mexique, arugereranya na filimi ‘World War Z’ yerekana muri make ibihe vy’umuhero w’abantu kw’isi (kubera ivyaduka vy’abasa n’abantu bapfuye bazuka kurya abakiri bazima).

Musk ni we yatanguje America PAC muri Mukakaro mu ntumbero yo gushigikira imyiyamamazo ya Trump muri aya matora ya Amerika ya 2024.

Amaze gutanga ayatari munsi ya miliyoni 75 kugeza ubu, ayaha ico kigo.

Urubuga ngurukanabumenyi rwa America PAC, rutangaza ko rwifuza "imbibe zikingiwe, ibisagara birangwamwo umutekano, uburenganzira bwo gushikiriza ivyiyumviro, gukoresha neza uburyo bw’amafranga, ubutungane bubereye", hamwe rero no kwicungerera umutekano canke kwikingira.

Trump aherutse kuvuga ko atakurikiye ivyo Musk yakoze bijanye n’uko gutanga amafranga, ariko yamuvuze nk’umugenzi wiwe.

Hashize amayinga make, Musk abonetse ari iruhande ya Trump muri videwo ntoya y’ intangamarara y’umwiyamamazo wa Trump, ikindi gihe yabonetse ukwa wenyene mu bibanza vyo kwiyamamarizamwo.