Ukraine: Ibirwanisho birungikwa n'ibihugu vyo mu burengero hari ico bifasha ?

Igisirikare ca Ukraine cagiye cerekana amareresi atari make yerekana ingene kajugujugu z'Uburusiya zikororwa na za misire zitererwa ku butaka.

Imwe yo mu ndwi iheze, yerekana kajugujugu y'Uburusiya yariko igendera hafi cane, hejuru y'ibiti - yizeye ko yari gukwepa ivyahavuye biyibako. Uwo mwotsi uboneka ni uwa misire yari itewe iyo ndege. Mu masegonda makeya cane, iyo misire yagemye iyi ndege, iyi nayo irakoroka ica irasha iratokombera.

Indege z'Uburusiya ziraraswa n'ingabo za Ukraine - co kimwe n'iyo reresi y'aho hejuru, iyi nayo nyene yerekana indege yarasiwe hejuru ya Kharkiv - abihweza ibintu n'ibindi mu vya gisirikare bakemeza ko biboneka y'uko ibirwanisho biherutse gutangwa n'ibihugu vyo mu burengero biriko birakoreshwa.

Justin Bronk, umushakashatsi ku bijanye n'inguvu zo mu kirere ku kigo Royal United Services Institute, avuga ko gushika ubu hari ivyerekana ko indege z'Uburusiya n'imiburiburi 20 zimaze gukororwa muri Ukraine - kajugujugu n'izindi z'intambara. Iki ni igitigiri gito ugereranije n'igitangwa n'igisirikare ca Ukraine kivuga ko kimaze gukorora indege z'Uburusiya 48 hamwe na kajugujugu 80. N'aho ari igitigiri gito, kirerekana ko Uburusiya butorohewe mu rugamba rwabwo rwo kwiganzira ikirere ca Ukraine.

Ukraine iramaze gutakaza vyinshi nayo nyene. Ariko umunyamabanga w'ukwivuna abansi w'Ubwongereza Ben Wallace yabwiye BBC ko gushika ubu Uburusiya butarashobora gusambura ubushobozi bwa Ukraine bwo gukingira ikirere cayo.

Imbere y'uko intambara itangura, indege za gisirikare za Ukraine zasumbwa kure incuro n'imiburiburi zitatu n'izari zarundarunzwe n'Uburusiya ku rubibe.

Wallace avuga ko kubona Ukraine yarashoboye kugumana bimwe mu birwanisho vyo gukingira ikirere cayo vyatumye indege z'Uburusiya biba ngombwa ko ziguruka mu masaha y'ijoro kugira ngo ntizihave zibonwa ngo ziraswe.

Misire ngendanwa zirasirwa ku rutugu, zizwi kandi nka Manpads (man-portable air defence systems) ni kimwe mu birwanisho ibihugu vyo mu burengero vyahaye Ukraine. Muri vyo harimwo misire sol-air zakozwe na Amerika zizwi nka Stinger zakoze ibara ku ndege z'aba Soviet igihe bari bigaruriye Afghanistan mu myaka ya 1980.

Ibitigiri nyavyo biragoye kumenya. Mu ndwi iheze, Wallace yabwiye BBC ko ibihugu vy'Uburengero bimaze guha Ukraine "ibihumbi" vy'ibirwanisho vyo kurasa ibifaru hamwe na misire za Stinger "zirenga igihumbi". Televiziyo CNN isubiramwo umutegetsi wo mu bushikiranganji bwo kwivuna abansi bwa Amerika avuga ko Amerika hamwe n'incuti zayo za OTAN bimaze gutanga ibirwanisho vyo gusambura ibifaru 17.000 hame na Stingers 2000.

Imbere y'uko intambara itangura ku wa 24 ruhuhuma (ukwa kabiri), Ubwongereza na Amerika vyari bimaze guha Ukraine ibirwanisho, Ubwongereza bukaba bwari bumaze kuyiha misire ntonto 2000 zirasa ibifaru, zizwi nka NLAW (Next generation Light Anti-tank Weapon). Avuga ku bivugwa ko zoba ziriko zirakoreshwa mu gusambura ibico vy'imodoka z'intambara z'Uburusiya, Wallace yavuze ati: "Turafise ivyemezo ariko atari ntabanduka bidufasha guhinyuza izi nkuru".

Inkoho n'amasasu

Ariko, ibihugu nka vyose vyatanguye kurungika ibirwanisho Uburusiya butanguye igitero. Vyose hamwe, ibihugu 14 biramaze kurungika ibirwanisho. Muri vyo harimwo na Suède na Finland, vyompi bikaba bizwi ko vyari ibihugu bikunze kutagira aho vyegamiye kandi bikaba bitari no mw'ishirahamwe ryo kwivunira umwansi hamwe, OTAN. Ariko, vyompi vyararungikiye Ukraine ibihumbi n'ibihumbi vy'ibirwanisho vyo kurasa ibifaru.

Ubudagi bumaze gutanga ibirwanisho 1000 vyo kurasa ibifaru hamwe na misire za Stinger 500. Ibihugu vyo Baltique navyo nyene biramaze gutanga ibihumbi n'ibihumbi vy'ibirwanisho harimwo misire za Stinger n'izindi zizwi nka Javelin, bimwe mu birwanisho bikomeye cane kw'isi mu gusambura ibifaru, bikaba bishobora kurasa ku ntera y'ibirometero bibiri n'inusu (2.5km). Ukraine ivuga ko imaze gusambura ibifaru bitari bike vy'Uburusiya vyo mu bwoko bwa T-72.

Mu bindi birwanisho biherutse gutangwa harimwo ibihumbi mirongo vy'inkoho zikomakomeye, ama mines asambura ibifaru, amajana n'amajana y'amatoni y'amasasu, hamwe kandi n'inkofero n'impuzu zirinda amasasu, be n'imiti.

Ibirwanisho vyinjira gute?

Ubwongereza buvuga ko buriko burafasha mu kwinjiza ibi birwanisho. Ariko abategetsi b'ibihugu vy'Uburengero nta nsiguro batanga ku kungene ibi birwanisho vyinjira.

Ariko, nta banga na rimwe ririmwo ko mu gihe ibitero vya gisirikare vy'Uburusiya vyari bimaze igihe vyibanda cane cane mu buseruko bw'igihugu, uruhande rw'uburengero wabandanije ari umuhora w'ibirwanisho n'abinjira bava mu burengero bakinjirira mu bihugu bihana urubibe na Ukraine. BBC yavuganye n'abashikiranganji bo kwivuna abansi ba Estonie, Suède, na Danemark, bose bakemeza ko ibirwanisho vyabo batanze babikurikiranye gushika aho vyinjira neza muri Ukraine mu ndwi nkeya ziheze.

None ibi birwanisho vyoba bitanga akarusho kangana gute?

Ibirwanisho bitangwa n'ibihugu vy'Uburengero birashobora gutanga akarusho, ariko gusa ni mu gihe Ukraine yobandanya ifise ingabo zifise ubushobozi bwo kubikoresha.

Bronk avuga ko ubushobozi bwa Ukraine bwo kugumya bimwe mu birwanisho vya kera, vyo kuva ku butegetsi bw'aba Soviet, vyo gukingira ikirere - usanga birasa kure - bwatumye biba ngombwa ko indege z'Uburusiya zigendera hafi cane. Ariko ibi bizishira mu kaga kubera ziraswa na misire sol-air zitangwa n'ibihugu vy'Uburengero.

Iyaba bitari ibi birwanisho vyo gukingira ikirere birasa kure, indege z'Uburusiya ziba zigendera kure cane, ivyotuma zidahura ivyago vyo kuraswa n'izi misire zirasa ku ntera ngufi.

hagati aho, Amerika n'incuti zayo z'i Bulaya biriko biriga ingene vyokwongereza imfashanyo y'ibirwanisho biha Ukraine. Amahirwe ashobora kubas make imbere y'uko Uburusiya butangura gutera imihora ivyo birwanisho vyinjirizwamwo.

Umunyamabanga wa Amerika ajejwe imigenderanire, Antony Blinken, avuga ko amaze kuganira na Pologne kubijanye n'ingene yoha igisirikare ca Ukraine kirwanira mu kirere indege z'intambara zo mu bwoko bwa MIG zakozwe n'Uburusiya. Ariko n'aho vyokunda, vyosaba ko abadereva ba Ukraine babanza guhabwa inyigisho kugira ngo bashobore kuzikoresha.

Nivyo, ibirwanisho bitangwa n'ibihugu vyo mu burengero birafasha, ariko ni ngombwa ko igisirikare kimenya kubikoresha.