Kubera iki France ihanganye n'uburakari muri Afrika y'Uburengero?

Vyose vyatanguye neza. None vyankiye he? Kubera iki ubu Ubufaransa buboneka nk'uburiko buriyamirizwa muri Afrika?

Perezida Emmanuel Macron w'Ubufaransa yarongereje imfashanyo kuri uyu mugabane, anatangura gusubiza amatungo ndangakaranga yanyazwe mu gihe c'intambara z'igikoloni, mbere akaba yaranageze kure mu gukora ibitari bimenyerewe, aho yabonanye n'urwaruka hamwe n'amashirahamwe adaharanira ivyicaro vya poritike.

Aracagumije ingabo z'Ubufaransa mu karere ka Sahel mu rugamba rwo kurwanya inyeshamba ziyitirira idini rya Islam zica abasivire, abapolisi n'abasirikare batari bake.

Arafashe mu mugongo kandi ishirahamwe CEDEAO/ECOWAS mu rugamba rwaryo rwo kurwanya poritike zishingiye kw'itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi ku nguvu za gisirikare, kugira ngo ahubwo habe poritike ishingiye ku matora.

Uno mwaka, yarishikiye mu Rwanda kugira ngo yemange ku mugaragaro ko Ubufaransa bwananiwe no gukora ico bwategerezwa gukora mu gihe ca jenoside yo mu 1994.

Hagati aho, igihugu ciwe kirahanzwe n'imyidogo y'Abanyafrika bashavuye cane, kikananegurwa ku rugero rushobora kuba rutari bwigere rubaho.

Mu kwezi guheze, ingabo z'Ubufaransa zariko zija ku rugamba rwo kurwanya inyeshamba ziyitirira idini rya Islam zarazibiwe akatari gake n'abari mu myiyerekano mu gihe zari zinjiye muri Burkina Faso na Niger.

Mu kw'icenda, ijambo ry'umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Mali Choguel Maïga yashikirije muri ONU ryarakiriwe n'impuhwe nyinshi cane, aho yagirije Ubufaransa ko "bwataye igihugu ciwe mu gihe kikiri mu ntambara", ni inyuma y'aho Perezida Macron atanguriye kugabanya ingabo ziri muri ico gihugu.

Mu bantu bakunze gushikiriza ivyiyumviro hamwe no mu rwaruka rwo mu bisagara, ubu ni ibintu bimenyerewe kwumva amajwi y'abatera akamo bashaka ko ifaranga rya CFA rifutwa - iri rikaba ari ifaranga ry'akarere rikoreshwa n'ibihugu bitari bike bikoresha ururimi rw'igifaransa, rikaba ryihetse kw'ifaranga rya Euro rikoreshwa i Bulaya rihagarariwe n'Ubufaransa. Abarinegura bavuga ko riha Ubufaransa akaryo ko kwifatira mu minwe ubutunzi bw'ivyo bihugu birikoresha, mu gihe Ubufaransa bwobwo bwivugira ko ari ryo rituma ubutunzi bwavyo butayumbayumba.

Ubwibone bwa gikoloni

None ibi vyoba biterwa n'iki? Wosigura gute ukuntu umukuru w'igihugu wa mbere yitayeho ibibazo vya Afrika gusumba abamutanguriye bose muri kahise ka vuba, kandi azi neza ingene uyu mugabane uriko urahinduka, yohura n'urwanko ku Bufaransa mu buryo butari bwigere bubaho mu myaka mirongo.

Ata nkeka, ukuntu Macron yiyemera - abamunegura bashobora kuvuga ko ari ubwibone - ni kimwe mu bibituma.

Yarerekanye amakosa yiwe mu bijanye n'imigenderanire.

Inyuma y'aho abasirikare b'abafaransa bapfiriye mw'isanganya rya kajugujugu muri Mali mu kwa cumi na rimwe 2019, Macron yaciye atumako abategetsi b'ibihugu vya Afrika y'Uburengero kuja mu Bufaransa mu nama yihuta, ibi bikaba vyaciye biboneka ko ari ubwibone bushingiye kuri kahise k'ubukoloni, cane cane uravye n'ingene Mali na Niger bari batakarije cane mu ntambara zaheruka ico gihe.

Vyabaye ngombwa ko Perezida Macron yikosora vuba bwango, mu gufata urugendo i Niamey, umugwa mukuru wa Niger, gusezera ubwa nyuma abasirikare ba Niger bari bapfuye hanyuma iyo nama agaca ayungururiza mu kwa mbere 2020.

Ariko, uru rwanko ku Bufaransa rwatanguye kera, imyaka mirongo imbere y'uko Macron atorwa mu 2017. .

Sylvain Nguessan, umuhinga mu vya poritike w'umunya Côte d'Ivoire, avuga ati: "Turashobora kuvuga ko ari ukutumvikana gushingiye ku butegetsi bw'igikoloni. Abenshi muri twebwe ni abana b'abavyeyi bahuye n'agasuzuguro k'ubukoloni".

Mu myaka mirongo ya mbere yakurikiye ukwikukira, Ubufaransa bwarakomeje urubuga rukomeye rw'imigenderanire n'abategetsi hamwe n'icabwenge za Afrika - ruzwi nka "françafrique" - akenshi rwakoreshejwe mu gukingiranira ikibaba hagati y'Ubufaransa n'aba bategetsi ku nyungu zabo, biyibagije agateka ka zina muntu canke gukorera mu muco.

Mu bihugu vya rutura, Paris siyo yonyene yari ifitaniye ubucuti n'abategetsi batwaza umukazo, ariko imigenderanire yayo yari iya hafi cane gusumba.

Ishaka ryo guhindura ibintu

Ahantu hakomeye cane Ubufaransa bwananiriwe ni mu Rwanda mu 1994, aho bwananiwe no kugira ico bukoze n'igihe ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwari bucuditse cane n'Ubufaransa bwatangura gutegura jenoside.

Kuva hagati mu myaka ya 1990 kubandanya, amareta atari make y'Ubufaransa yagerageje guhindura imikorere y'Ubufaransa muri Afrika kugira ngo bashire imbere iterambere n'intwaro rusangi.

Ariko mu nyuma bagiye bacika intege.

Nicolas Sarkozy yatanguye ikiringo ciwe mu 2007 ashikiriza amajambo aboneka ko atari yateguye, mu kuvuga ko "umunya-Afrika atari bwinjire neza mu mateka ". Yacuditse ahubwo n'incuti za kera nk'umuryango wa Bongo uri ku butegetsi muri Gabon kuva mu 1967.

Igihe François Hollande nawe ashikiye ku butegetsi mu 2012, nta kundi yari kugira atari ukwita ku bibazo bijanye n'umutekano mu karere ka Sahel - akarere kari musi y'ubugaragwa bwa Sahara. Ntiyigeze agira inguvu zo kunagura utwigoro two kuzana impinduka.

Ariko kuva Macron ashitse ku butegetsi, Ubufaransa bwaronse umukuru w'igihugu azi neza ko hakenewe impinduka -afise n'inguvu za poritike n'ugushaka kudasanzwe muri iki gikorwa.

Mu 2017 yabwiye abanyeshure bo ku mugwa mukuru wa Burkina faso, Ouagadougou, ko Ubufaransa bwipfuza gushigikira impinduka kw'ifaranga rya CFA mu gihe ibihugu vya Afrika vyoba bizishaka. Yaciye asaba amashirahamwe adaharanira ivyicaro vya poritike, urwaruka hamwe n'imirwi iharanira imico kama mu nama izohuza Ubufaransa na Afrika mu gisagara ca Montpellier, ibi bikaba bitandukanye n'ivyahahora, aho hahora hatumirwa abakuru b'ibihugu gusa.

Sahel - igisebe kidakira

N'aho yari yiteguye kuvuga atarya umunwa, gukemura ivya kera no guhangana n'ivyiyumviro vyo kwiyorohereza, ntaco vyafashije, haba mbere no mu basaba ko ibintu bihinduka.

Hampande y'ivyo, ibintu bibera muri Sahel vyarunyuye igisebe kidakira.

Kuba ingabo z'Ubufaransa ziri mu karere vyongereza ishavu bafitiye iki gihugu muri Afrika y'Uburengero.

N'aho hariko hakoreshwa inguvu za gisirikare nyinshi - aho abasirikare barenga 5000 barungitsweyo, abashika 50 bakaba bamaze kuhasiga ubuzima - Ubufaransa ntiburashobora gutsinda inyeshamba zibandanya zikora ibitero kubanyagihugu no ku bajejwe umutekano.

Ibituma ni vyinshi, vyose bishingiye ku gisirikare, ku mibereho, ku bidukikije no ku butunzi.

Ni mu gihe abatari bake babona ko Ubufaransa, nk'igihugu co mu burengero gifise ubuhinga bwa gisirikare bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru, bwategerezwa kuba "bwaratoreye umuti" iyo ngorane, canke naho bukava mu karere nimba bwananiwe.

Ibi bisa nk'aho ari vyo vyatumye abari mu myiyerekano bazibira ingabo z'Ubufaransa.

Ibi kandi vyaje bikurikira ibindi vyateje umujinya mu karere, nk'uko Nguessan abivuga: "Amajambo yashikirijwe na Sarkozy i Dakar, Macron i Ouagadougou; intambara muri Côte d'Ivoire; intambara yo kurwanya iterabwoba ataco ishikako.

"Ibibazo bijanye n'ifaranga, amadeni, ugushigikira abategetsi batwaza umukazo hamwe n'ayandi majambo mabi".

Ariko hariho n'ibibazo bishingiye ku mibereho bituma bamwe biyumvira uko biyumvira.

Umutegetsi mukuru umwe wa gisirikare mu karere ka Sahel avuga ko abona Ubufaransa nk'incuti z'inyeshamba z'aba Touareg bahoze barondera kwiyonkora mu buraruko bwa Mali - ivyo Paris ihakana yivuye inyuma".

Ibibazo nk'ibi nyene nivyo bihanze Ubufaransa ku mfashanyo buha ishirahamwe CEDEAO - muri kino gihe ririko rigerageza gutera igitsure abasirikare batembagaje ubutegetsi muri Mali na Guinea ngo basubize ibihugu vyabo mu butegetsi bwa gisivire.

Abatari bake mu rwaruka babona iri shirahamwe n'akarwi k'abakuru b'ibihugu biteza utunyoni mu kwiyamiriza abategetsi ba gisivire badashaka kwubahiriza ingendo ya demokarasi kandi batanashaka kwemera inguvu z'abanyagihugu bashigikiye abategetsi ba gisirikare babemerera guhindura ibintu.

Rero mu gushigikira CEDEAO/ECOWAS nk'ishirahamwe ryonyene rya Afrika rijejwe gukemura ibibazo vy'intwaro, Ubufaransa bwisanga bwafashwe nk'igikoresho co gukingira ubutegetsi busanzwe buhari.