Israel-Gaza: Menya intambara hagati y'Abayahudi n'Abanyapalestina

Ugutana mu mitwe hagati y'abanya Israel n'abanya Palestina kwabaye ndanse kwatumye ishirahamwe ONU rigabisha ko gushobora kuvamwo "intambara yeruye".

Abayahudi n'abanyapalestina bamaze imyaka mirongo n'iyindi bahanganye, none burya boba bapfa iki?

Vyatanguye gute?

Ikibazo kimaze imyaka 100

Ubwongereza bwigaruriye agace kazwi nka Palesitine inyuma y'uko ubutegetsi bw'Ingoma ya Ottoman (Empire ottoman/Ottoman Empire) bw'ico gice co mu burasirazuba bwo hagati butsindiwe mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose yabaye mu 1914-1918.

Ako gace ka Palestina kari gasanzwe kabamwo Abayahudi bari inkehwa hamwe n'Abarabu bari nyarwinshi.

Icuka kibi cagiye kwaduka igihe amakungu ahereye Ubwongereza igikorwa co gushiraho akarere kegukira bwegu Abayahudi hagati muri Palestina.

Ku Bayahudi, ni akarere barazwe na basekuruza babo, ariko Abarabu ba Palestina nabo bavuga ko ari ubutaka bwabo, ari co gituma barwanije uwo mugambi.

Hagati y'imyaka ya 1920 na 1940, igitigiri c'abayahudi bimukira muri ako karere carongerekanye cane, abenshi bahunga itotezwa bariko bagirirwa ku mugabane wa Buraya, abandi barondera amahungiro inyuma y'ihonyabwoko bakorewe mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi yose.

Indyane hagati y'Abayahudi n'Abarabu, hamwe n'imigumuko yo kwiyamiriza ubutegetsi bw'Abongereza navyo vyagenda vyiyongera.

Mu 1947, ONU yatoye itegeko rigaburamwo kubiri akarere ka Palestina, hakaba ibihugu bibiri, kimwe cegukira Abayahudi ikindi cegukira Abarabu, hanyuma Jerusalem nayo ikaba igisagara gifashwe mu minwe y'amakungu.

Iyi nteguro yaremewe n'Abayahudi, ariko yiyamirizwa n'abarabu kandi ntiyigeze ishirwa mu ngiro.

Ishingwa rya Israel ryabaye "ikiza"

Mu 1948, abategetsi b'Abongereza babonye ko bananiwe n'ugutorera umuti ibibazo, baciye bakura akarenge maze abategetsi b'Abayahudi baca batangaza ko bashinze igihugu ca Israel.

Abanyapalestina benshi baravyiyamirije haca hakurikira intambara. Ingabo z'ibihugu bibanyi nazo zitera Israel.

Ibihumbi n'ibihumbi by'Abanyapalestina barahunze abandi nabo birukanwa mu ngo zabo mu co bise Al Nakba, cangwa "Ikiza".

Igihe intambara ihagarara habaye amasezerano mu mwaka wakurikiye, Israel yagenzura igice kinini c'igihugu.

Yorodaniya (Jordanie) yigaruriye akarere kahavuye kamenyekana kw'izina rya Cisjordanie (West Bank), Misiri nayo yigarurira akarere ka Gaza.

Jerusalem yagabuwemwo kubiri, uburengero bwayo bwigarurirwa n'ingabo za Israel, ubuseruko nabwo bufatwa n'ingabo za Yorodaniya.

Kubera ata masezerano y'amahoro yabaye - uruhande rumwe rukagiriza urundi - imyaka mirongo yakurikiye yaranzwe n'intambara zagenda zisubiriza.

Ikarata muri kino gihe

Mu yindi ntambara yo mu 1967, Israel yahavuye yigarurira ubuseruko bwa Jerusalem hamwe Cisjordanie, hamwe n'imisozi y'ahitwa Golan muri Syria (Syrian Golan Heights), akaretre ka Gaza n'akarere ka Sinai kegukira Misiri.

Abenshi mu mpunzi z'Abanyapalestina n'ababamukako baba mu turere twa Gaza hamwe na Cisjordanie, hamwe no mu bihugu bibanyi vya Yorodaniya, Syria na Liban.

Baba izo mpunzi canke ababakomokako, nta n'umwe yemererwa na Israel gusubira mu gihugu - Israel ikavuga ko igihugu cohava kirengerwa, bikabangamira ubutaka bwabo nk'igihugu c'Abayahudi.

Gushika ubu Israel iracagenzura Cisjordanie, hanyuma kandi, n'aho yavuye mu karere ka Gaza, ONU yoyo iracabona ko aka karere kari mu turere Israel yigaruriye.

Israel ifata ko igisagara cose ca Jerusalem ari umugwa mukuru wayo, mu gihe Abanyapalestina bobo bavuga ko Ubuseruko bwa Jerusalem ari umugwa mukuru w'igihugu cabo ca Palestina bakirondera. Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ziri mu bihugu biri ku rushi vyemera ko igisagara cose ca Jerusalem ari umugwa mukuru wa Israel.

Mu myaka 50 irangiye, Israel yagiye yubaka ibigwati muri utu turere ubu bikaba bituwemwo n'Abayahudi barenga 600.000.

Abanyapalestina bafata ko ibi biteye kubiri n'abategeko mpuzamakungu, kandi ko bibangamiye amahoro, ivyo Israel ihakana.

None ubu ni ibiki biriko biraba?

Harakunze kuba imishamirano ari myinshi hagati ya Israel n'Abanyapalestina baba mu buseruko bwa Jerusalem, Gaza na Cisjordanie.

Gaza itwara n'umuhari w'abarwanyi b'Abanyapalestina witwa Hamas, umaze igihe urwanya Israel.

Israel na Misiri biracungereye cane imbibe za Gaza kugira ngo umuhari Hamas ntuhave uronka ibirwanisho.

Abanyapalestina bo muri Gaza na Cisjordanie bavuga ko bari mu magorwa kubera ibikorwa vya Israel n'amategeko yo kubabuza umwidegemvyo. Israel yoyo ivuga ko ico ikora conyene ari ukwikingira ibitero vy'abanyapalestina.

Ibintu vyagiye kwunyuka mu ntango z'ukwezi kweranda kwa Islam, Ramadan, hagati mu kwezi kwa kane 2021, aho amajoro yarangwa n'ugutana mu mitwe hagati y'igiporisi n'Abanyapalestina.

Ikindi catumye ibintu biyangara ni umugambi wa Israel wo gushaka kwirukana imiryango y'Abanyapalestina mu buseruko bwa Jerusalem kugira ngo ibibanza yabamwo bihabwe Abayahudi, ivyateye uburakari abanyapalestina.

Ni ibihe bibazo nyamukuru bihari?

Hari ibibazo bitari bike Israel n'Abanyapalestina badashobora kwumvikanako.

Muri vyo harimwo amaherezo y'impunzi z'abanyapalestina, nimba uturere twigaruriwe n'Abayahudi muri Cisjordanie twovaho canke tukagumaho, nimba izi mpande zibiri zosangira igisagara ca Jerusalem, hamwe kandi - kumbure iki kikaba ari co kibazo ngorabahizi - nimba hakwiye kuba igihugu c'Abanyapalestina kibangabanganywe na Israel.

Ibiganiro vy'amahoro bimaze imyaka irenga 25 ariko gushika ubu ntibirashobora guhagarika indyane.

Kazoza katubikiye iki?

Muri make, ibibazo ntibigiye gutorerwa umuti ubu bwa vuba.

Integuro ya vuba iheruka yari yateguwe na Amerika ku butegetsi bwa Donald Trump - integuro umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Israel Benjamin Netanyahu yise "amasezerano y'iki kinjana" - yariyamirijwe n'Abanyapalestina bavuga ko yegamiye ku ruhande rumwe kandi akaba ataho yigeze agera.

Amasezerano y'amahoro ayo ari yo yose azokenera ko impande zompi ziyemera kugira ngo ibibazo ngorabahizi bitorerwe umuti.

Gushika igihe ivyo bizoshobokera, intambara izobandanya yiha inkumbi.