How to record and present scientific data

All science investigations or experiments produce data.

Recording data accurately is essential to make sure that all results are reliable and trustworthy.

Scientists use a range of methods to record and collect data, from handwritten sheets to artificial intelligence (AI) assisted digital records.

A simple way to record data is by using a table.

Tables are ideal for collecting data during an experiment. They allow the results to be read simply before they are interpreted.

Tables organise data in rows and columns. It is important to use clear headings for each column to help people understand what the date represents.

For example, if you were to conduct an experiment on plant growth, you might organise a table like this:

You can record your results on a tally chart as you go along.

Tallying is a simple way of recording data using groups of five, which makes it easier to see the total.

For example, if you were to conduct an investigation into insects found in a garden, you might create a tally to record your data.

When collecting data from a science experiment, it is also important to consider which is the best way to present it.

Presenting data the right way helps others to understand your findings.

Once results are collected in a table, scientists often use graphs to present their data in a way that shows patterns.

Types of graph

It's important to remember when drawing a graph, to label the axes (horizontal and vertical) clearly so that people can see which one represents the independent variables, and which represents the dependent variables.

Drawings or photographs are useful to show observations.

They are brilliant in showing visual changes that would otherwise be tricky to imagine.

Labelled, scientific drawings can aid a scientific explanation to help understanding.

Alongside your data presentation, write a clear explanation of what the data means.

Use simple language to describe your findings, highlight key points and explain any trends you can see.

By organising and presenting your data thoughtfully, you can help others appreciate and understand the results of your experiment.

Results from experiments are often presented in tables and shown in charts and graphs to make them easier to understand.

Here are four examples looking at eye colour, reactions and age, heart rate and exercise activities.

Data – Information that results from experiments, tests and research.

Dependant variables – The variable that a scientist measures or observes.

Experiment – A scientific procedure, often in a laboratory, that produces results.

Findings – Also known as results, findings are the information and data received at the end of a test or experiment.

Graphs – Visual ways of presenting data, these can include bar charts, line graphs, pie charts and scatter graphs.

Independent variables – The variable that a scientist changes on purpose to see how it affects something else.

Observations – Viewing and noticing patterns and unusual things in scientific experiments, tests and data.

Presenting data – How data and results are presented, such as in graphs and tables or scientific reports.

Table – A simple way to record and organise data with rows and columns.

Tally – A way of recording data by counting in groups of five.