Death and mourning rituals
There are a number of important rituals around death in Judaism. As soon as a Jew hears of the death of a loved one, they make a tear in their clothing to show their grief. This action is called kriahThe ritual tearing of an item of clothing performed by a mourning relative or close friend in Jewish custom. This is a symbol of loss and grief. Sometimes a black ribbon is worn on the clothing and this is cut instead. and it is as a symbol of loss and grief.
Upon death, the body is washed and prepared for burial. In the days before the funeral, the body is not left alone.
In Jewish tradition, burial should happen as soon as possible after death. The coffin should be simple to show equality, and the burial ceremony takes place at a cemetery, not in a synagogueBuilding for Jewish public prayer, study and assembly..
Funeral services include prayers, PsalmsA book in the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible) containing songs of praise and worship. and a eulogyA speech at a funeral outlining the good deeds and values of the person who has died.. Families must buy a gravestone so that the dead are not forgotten.
A person who was a close relative (a parent, child, sibling or spouse) of the deceased becomes an onanIn Jewish mourning rituals, an onan is a person who has experienced the death of a close relative (a parent, sibling, spouse or child) who has not yet been buried. whilst awaiting the burial. Out of respect for the deceased person, the immediate relatives must be fully focused on the burial of the person who has died, even if they are not involved in making burial arrangements.
The KaddishMourner's prayer in Judaism, traditionally recited by the oldest son on the occasion of a parent's death. is prayer for those who mourn. It is traditionally said by the closest male relative to the person who has died on the day of the death. Many Jews feel that the act of saying this prayer helps people to focus on God at a time when they may feel far from him.
Stages of mourning
| Shiva | Avelut | Yahrzeit |
| Shiva is the first seven days of mourning after the burial. Some Jews (particularly Orthodox Jews) do not leave the house during this period of mourning. Instead, others visit them and create a minyan for communal worship in the home. | If someone has lost a parent, they will mourn for a whole year. During the avelut year they will not attend parties and will say a blessing called the Kaddish every day. | Yahrzeit is the anniversary of a death. The night before, many Jews light a candle in remembrance of the dead. The candle is kept burning for 24 hours. The Kaddish is said on this day. Often, people will fast and make charitable donations to mark the anniversary of their loved one’s death. |
| Shiva | Shiva is the first seven days of mourning after the burial. Some Jews (particularly Orthodox Jews) do not leave the house during this period of mourning. Instead, others visit them and create a minyan for communal worship in the home. |
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| Avelut | If someone has lost a parent, they will mourn for a whole year. During the avelut year they will not attend parties and will say a blessing called the Kaddish every day. |
| Yahrzeit | Yahrzeit is the anniversary of a death. The night before, many Jews light a candle in remembrance of the dead. The candle is kept burning for 24 hours. The Kaddish is said on this day. Often, people will fast and make charitable donations to mark the anniversary of their loved one’s death. |
The role of Chevra Kaddisha
Making sure that a Jewish person has a proper burial is not only an act of kindness, it is also regarded as an honour and a sacred duty.
Chevra kaddisha means ‘sacred society’. The is the voluntary group that has members worldwide, performing the final rites for Jewish people. They work with funeral directors, cemeteries, hospitals and families to ensure that the person's death and burial fits with Jewish teachings and customs. Their work often starts with visits to a dying person. When the person dies they will continue to be involved in the burial and the mourning which follows.
Question
What is shiva?
The first seven days of mourning after a burial. Many Jews do not leave the house during this time.
