Maxay magaalada Goma ee Congo muhiim u tahay maxayse fallaagada M23 u doonayaan?

Magaalada Goma ee bariga Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraaddiga ah ee Congo ayaa mar kale udub-dhexaad u noqotay dagaal goboleed tobnaan sano socday. Isku dhacyada u dhaxeeya kooxda hubeysan ee loo yaqaanno M23 iyo ciidamada Congo ayaa ku xoogeystay gobolka, tan oo sababtay in in ka badan 400,000 oo qof ay ka qaxaan guryahooda tan iyo billowgii sanadkan. Maxay Goma – oo ah caasimad-goboleed – u tahay magaalo sidaa loogu tartamayo?

Maxay yihiin M23?

M23 waa koox hubeysan oo ka go'ay ciidamada Congo toban sano kahor kuwaasoo sheegta inay difaacayaan bulshada Tutsi oo muddo ka cabanaysay dilal iyo takoor. Khubarrada QM ayaa sheegaya in kooxda ay taageero ka heysato dalka deriska la ah Congo ee Rwanda, taas oo dowladda Rwanda ay in badan beenisay.

Rwanda ayaa hore u sheegtay in dowladda DR Congo ay la shaqeyneysay qaar ka mid ah kuwa mas'uulka ka ah xasuuqii Rwanda ka dhacay 1994 ee ka dhanka ahaa qowmiyadda Tutsi iyo Huutuuga dhexdhexaadka ah.

Sanadkii 2012, fallaagada ayaa qabsaday Goma muddo 10 maalmood ah kahor inta aysan isaga bixin cadaadis caalamka uga yimid awgii.

Wixii intaa ka dambeeyay, kooxda M23 ayaa guul-darro xooggan oo is daba joog ah kala kulmeysay ciidamada Congo ee ay taageerayaan ciidamo dalal kale ka yimid iyadoo markii dambena dalka laga cayriyay. Dagaal-yahannada M23 ayaa kadib oggolaaday in dib loogu daro ciidamada iyadoo loogu beddelayo ballan-qaadyo ah in bulshada Tutsi la dhowri doono.

Balse, sanadkii 2021, kooxda ayaa mar kale hub qaadatay, iyadoo sheegtay in ballan-qaadyada la jebiyay.

Kooxda M23 ayaa kadib la wareegay deegaanno badan oo ku yaalla bariga DR Congo. Khubarrada QM ayaa sheegay in Rwanda ay ka joogaan ilaa 4,000 oo ciidan oo M23 kala barbar-dagaallamaya bariga.

Halka ay ku taallo Goma

Magaaladan oo dhacda xeebta waqooyi ee Harada Kivu ee xadka Rwanda, Goma ayaa mar walba ahayd xarun siyaasadeed iyo mid ganacsi oo muhiim ah.

Magaalada ayaa hoy u ah in ka badan hal milyan oo qof tanoo ka dhigeysa mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka Congo ee ugu dadka badan. Ciiddeeda foolkanada ee dihin, ayaa ka dhigtay meel ganacsi oo mashquul badan oo ku xiran Rwanda oo ay deris yihiin.

Goma ayaa u dhow magaalooyinka waaweyn ee macdanta laga qodo kuwaasoo dhoofiya birta iyo macdanta caalamka laga doonayo sida dahabka, maarta, cobalt iyo coltan waxayna leedahay marin istaraatiiji ah oo wax looga dhoofiyo waddada iyo hawada. Sidoo kale waxay saldhig u tahay ciidamada nabad-ilaalinta QM taasoo soo jiitay ganacsiyo, ururro caalami ah iyo qunsuliyadaha diblomaasiyadeed.

Waxyaabaha ay qaniga ku tahay Goma

DR Congo waxay hoy u tahay qiyaastii 70% kiimikada cobalt ee adduunka oo ah, waana macdan muhiim u ah oo lagu xoojiyo bateriyada telefoonnada, gawaarida korontada ku shaqeeya iyo noocyo badan oo sigaarka casriga ah.

Iyadoo dunidu ay ka go'an tahay yareynta gaaska hawada lagu sii daayo iyadoo laga guurayo shidaalka aan la cusbooneysiin karin, waxaa jira dalab kordhaya oo ku aaddan ilo tamar oo nadiif ah.

Khatarta dagaal cusub oo ka qarxa DR Congo ayaa carqaladeyn kara isku xirka ganacsi ee caalamka, taasoo sicirka kordhin karta sababi kartana gabaabsi dhanka tamarta nadiifka ah ee warshadaha.

Maxaa dhacaya haddii Goma ay gacanta u gasho M23?

Madaxweynaha Congo Félix Tshisekedi ayaa sanadkii 2023 sheegay in "Goma aysan weligeed gacanta ka bixi doonin." Ballan-qaadyadiisa ah in magaalada laga dhigayo mid xor ka ah fallaagada waxay ku jireen liiska ugu sarreeya ee ballan-qaadyadiisii uu u qaaday dadka reer Congo, taasoo micnaheedu yahay in Goma oo gacanta ka baxdaa ay siyaasad ahaan u dhaawici doonto hoggaamiyahan dib loo doortay.

DR Congo ayaa dhammaanba xiriirka diblomaasiyadeed u jartay dalka deriska la ah ee Rwanda, taasoo sababtay digniin ka timid Xoghayaha Guud ee QM Antonio Guterres oo ah in dagaalka haatan uu khatar gelin karo inuu usii xuub-siibto dagaal ballaaran oo gobolka ah.

Tan ayaa carqaladeyn karta kheyraadka bani'aadannimo ee dunida ee haatanba ay saameeyeen xasaradaha kale.

Iyadoo M23 ay kusii siqeyso gobolka bariga, kumannaan ku nool xaafado yar ayaa laga barakiciyay waxayna u qaxeen isbitaallada u dhow Goma oo ay buux-dhaafiyeen.

Hay'adda Human Rights Watch ayaa ka digtay khatarta sii kordheysa ee ay rayidka wajahayaan iyadoo ciidamada Congo ay la dagaallamayaan fallaagada M23. Kooxdan bani'aadannimada ayaa labada dhinacba ku eedeyneysa inay geysteen tacaddiyo ba'an oo ka dhan ah rayidka.