Me ya sa mata suka fi yiwuwar mutuwa a hatsarin mota?

Shin ana yin la'akari da yanayin tsarin jikin mata wajen gwaje-gwajen yadda za a kare lafiyar masu amfani da motoci?

A gaskiyar magana, tsawon shekaru da yawa masana'antun ƙera motoci sun dogara da gwaje-gwajen da aka tsara wajen auna jikin maza, abin da ke nufin cewa sakamakon gwajin hatsari ba lallai ba ne ya nuna irin illar da mata za su samu a lokacin da aka yi haɗari ba.

Rahoton baya-bayan nan da hukumar kula da zirga-zirgar manyan tituna ta Amurka ta fitar, da aka wallafa a farkon wannan wata, ya tabbatar da cewa mata sun fi shiga mummunan yanayi idan aka yi hatsari, fiye da maza.

Binciken da aka gudanar a tsawon shekaru ya nuna wani yanayi mai tayar da hankali na yadda mata ke samun raunuka masu tsanani, har ma da mutuwa, a cikin hatsarin mota wanda ba ya haifar da irin wannan rauni ga maza

Lamarin ya sa hukumomin kula da sufuri da masu bincike a faɗin duniya suka gano wannan giɓin tare da ƙoƙarin fahimtar musabbabinsa.

A cikin wannan yanayi, Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Amurka ta sanar a watan Nuwamban da ya gabata cewa an samar da gwajin hatsarin mota na farko wanda aka tsara musamman don auna matakin illa ga jikin mace idan ta yi hatsarin mota yayin da take kan kujerar direba.

Wannan matakin zai share fagen maye gurbin samfurin da aka yi amfani da shi a shekaru da suka gabata, wanda galibi ya dogara ne a kan yanayin jikin maza.

An yi amfani da wannan na'urar gwajin lafiyar ababen hawa a shekarar 1978, kuma an ƙera ta ne bisa ma'aunin namiji mai tsawon santimita 175 kuma mai nauyin kilo 78.

Sabon gwajin jikin mace, wadda a halin yanzu ake ci gaba da gwaji a kanta, ana kiranta da "Thor-05F."

Wata mutum-mutumiya ce da aka tsara, wadda ta yi daidai da daidai wajen nuna bambance-bambancen jiki tsakanin maza da mata, da kuma siffar wuya da ƙashin wuya da ƙashin ƙugu da kuma ƙafafu.

Haka kuma an sanya mata riga ta roba don wakiltar nono kuma tana ɗauke da na'urori masu auna sigina sama da 150, a cewar Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Amurka.

Me Alƙaluma ke cewa?

Alƙaluma sun nuna cewa maza da yawa ne ke mutuwa a hatsarin mota kowace shekara idan aka kwatanta da mata.

Sai dai ana danganta hakan kan yawan maza masu tuƙi da yin tafiya mai nisa kuma sun fi fuskantar matsalolin da ke haddasa hatsarin tuƙi, kamar rashin sanya bel ɗin kujera da gudun wuce ƙima, da tuƙi cikin barasa ko wasu abubuwa.

Saboda haka, haɗurra da direbobin maza ke yi galibi sun fi tsanani fiye da waɗanda direbobin mata ne.

Duk da haka, bincike da dama da aka gudanar a cikin ƴan shekarun nan sun nuna yiwuwar mata su ji rauni ko ma su mutu a cikin irin waɗannan haɗurra fiye da maza za su ji rauni ko mutuwa, wani abu da ke haifar da tambayoyi game da dalilan wannan bambanci.

Wani bincike da Hukumar Kula da Tsaron Ababen Hawa ta Amurka ta gudanar ya nuna cewa kashi 73 cikin 100 na mata ka iya samun raunuka idan aka yi hatsarin taho mu gama, yayin da kashi 17 cikin 100 na matan ke mutuwa a irin wannan hatsari.

Duk da cewa wasu masu bincike sun danganta waɗannan bambance-bambancen da dogaro da gwaje-gwajen aminci a kan na'urorin gwaji da aka tsara bisa ma'aunin jikin maza, wasu kuma sun yi imanin cewa nau'ikan motocin da maza da mata ke tuƙawa, da kuma yanayin haɗarin da kansu, na iya taimakawa wajen bayyana wannan bambanci.

Wannan hujja ta samu goyon bayan sakamakon wani bincike da wannan sashe ya gudanar a shekarar 2022, wanda ya ce giɓin hatsarin mutuwa da ke tsakanin direbobi maza da mata a cikin motocin zamani ya ragu, saboda ci gaban da aka samu a tsarin tsaron lafiyar motocin.

Yaya ake gwajin lafiyar mota?

Gwajin hatsarin mota ya samu gagarumin ci gaba cikin gomman shekaru, ta hanyar da ake yinsa da kuma kayan aikin da ake amfani da su.

A matakin farko, a shekarun 1930 da 1940 da kuma 1950, masana'antun motoci sun yi amfani da hanyoyin da ake ganin suna da ban mamaki a yau, ciki har da gwaji da gawarwakin mutane da na dabbobi, kamar birai da goggon birrai da aladu da kuma karnuka. haka ma akwai ƴan sa kai masu rai da ke shiga wasu gwaje-gwajen hatsari.

A shekarar 1934, kamfanin Amurka na General Motors ya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen farko ta amfani da shingaye, inda ya dogara da gawarwakin mutane don nazarin tasirin haɗurra ga jikin ɗan'adam a cikin motar.

Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen sun taimaka wajen samar da muhimman abubuwa a cikin tsarin tsaro, kamar allon da ke gaban mota.

Har yanzu ana amfani da gawarwakin mutane, a wasu lokutan, a wasu bincike na haɗarin mota inda ƙa'idodin tuƙi suka ba da izini, saboda suna ba da bayanai masu inganci kan yanayin da gaɓoɓin ɗan'adam ke shiga idan an yi hatsari, waɗanda ba za a iya kwatanta su ba.

Saɓanin haka, masana'antun motoci sun daina amfani da dabbobi masu rai a gwaje-gwajen haɗari shekaru da yawa da suka gabata saboda matsin lamba daga jama'a da damuwa game da ɗabi'a da kuma ƙarancin ingancin sakamakon saboda bambance-bambancen jiki mai mahimmanci tsakanin dabbobi da mutane.

Duk da haka wasu manyan masana'antun sun ci gaba da wannan aikin har zuwa 1993.

Duk da cewa an haramta ko kuma an yi watsi da waɗannan ayyukan a ƙasashen Yamma, wani rahoto da aka wallafa a Mujallar Kare Hadurra ta Motoci ta Duniya a 2019 ya nuna cewa wasu cibiyoyi a China suna ci gaba da amfani da aladu da karnuka masu rai a binciken haɗari.

An ƙirƙiro gwajin karon farko a 1949, wanda ya share fagen amfani da samfuran gwaji marasa tsari a shekarun 1970, waɗanda aka sani da samfuran dummy masu haɗaka.

An ƙirƙiro ƙirar dummy da General Motors ya ƙirƙiro, wadda aka ƙirƙiro a hukumance a shekarar 1978, har yanzu ana amfani da ita a yau.

A halin yanzu, gwaje-gwajen haɗari sun haɗa da na'urori masu inganci waɗanda ake sake tsara su akai-akai, kuma suna amfani da fasahar leƙen asiri ta wucin gadi, na'urori masu auna matakan da ake ɗauka daidai, da ƙirar kwamfuta waɗanda ke kwaikwayon yanayi na gaske don gudanar da cikakken bincike game da matakan tsaro.

Yaushe mutane za su samu motocin kariya?

Gwajin lafiyar mota koyaushe yana da ce-ce-ku-ce. Duk da haka, muhawara mafi mahimmanci a yau ta ta'allaka ne kan sanya motoci su kasance mafi aminci ga miliyoyin mata a duniya, a daidai lokacin da matsalolin da ke tattare da amfani da dabbobi masu rai ko gawarwakin mutane a cikin bincike suka ragu sosai.

Duk da kyakkyawan matakin da gwamnatin tarayya ta ɗauka kwanan nan a Amurka, ba a tsammanin amincewa da sabon gwajin mata mai suna "Thor-05F" a hukumance da kuma na ƙarshe a gwajin tarayya kafin 2027 ko 2028.

Ko a lokacin, aiwatar da sabbin ƙa'idodi daga masu kera motoci na iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, saboda wasu masana'antun da kamfanonin inshora sun nuna shakku game da ingancin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, suna bayyana damuwa game da ƙara yawan haɗari ko kuma lalata ingancin tsarin tsaro da ake da shi.

A halin yanzu, masu goyon bayan sauyi na ci gaba da matsa lamba don aiwatar da waɗannan buƙatu.

Gabatar da sabon gwajin na nufin cike giɓin tsaro tsakanin direbobi maza da mata, wanda hakan zai haifar da motoci mafi aminci ga kowa.

Tambayar da ke akwai ita ce: Shin motoci suna kusantar samar da kariya mafi kyau ga mata?