'Kirazira kwerekana intege nke' – kubera iki abategetsi ba Afrika banyegeza ibijanye n’amagara yabo?

Kuva mu mayinga makeya aheze, hari ibihuha vyatanguye kuzunguruka ku ndongozi zibiri za Afrika vyavuga ko amagara yazo atari meza, maze hatangwa inyishu zitandukanye, kandi bica vyerekana ingene amagara y’indongozi akenshi akunze kugirwa ibanga ry’igihugu.

Vyatanguriye ku mukuru w’igihugu ca Kameruni Paul Biya w’imyaka 91, aho abashikiranganji biwe babeshuje ko yari arwaye, bagashimangira ko “ameze neza cane”. Ariko ibinyamakuru vyo muri Kameruni vyarabujijwe kugira ico bitangaje ku magara yiwe.

Mu nyuma, ibiro vy’umukuru w’igihugu ca Malawi vyaramiriye kure ibihuha vyavuga ko Perezida Lazarus Chakwera atari amerewe neza, mu gusohora amavidewo amwerekana ariko yiruka anakora n’imimenyerezo ngororamubiri ku mugwa mukuru, Lilongwe.

Umwigisha wa kaminuza ya Oxford ku vyerekeye poritike ya Afrika, Miles Tendi, agira ati: “Aha ni ngombwa gutahura ko umugabo ari we yiganziye poritike - kirazira kwerekana intege nke canke ko utameze neza”.

Chakwera na Biya bakoresha amayeri atandukanye mu gukuraho ibihuha ku magara yabo, ariko intego yabo ni imwe - ukwerekana no gukingira isura y’ubukomezi n’ubugabo.

Ariko kumbure imvo nyamukuru, ni ukwigiza kure abakeba n’abandi barondera ivyo barondera.

Prof Tendi avuga ko poritike ari “urukiro rwa kigabo” umuntu akora kugira ngo agumane inguvu.

Yongerako ko kamere ya kigabo (masculinité) ya poritike ituma bigorana ko abagore batera intambwe. Muri Afrika gushika ubu, umukuru w’igihugu w’umugore ni umwe rudende, Samia Suluhu Hassan wa Tanzania, na we nyene yashitse kuri iyo ntambwe asubiriye umuhisi Perezida John Pombe Magufuli kuko yari icegera ciwe.

Abategetsi ba poritike, muri Afrika n’ahandi hose, bategerezwa kuba ibimenyetso vy’ubukomezi n’ukwihagararako.

Rero, cane cane iyo umukuru w’igihugu ariko arasaza, amagara yabo aba ikibazo gikomeye gikurikiranirwa hagufi n’abanyagihugu, nk’uko vyibonekeje mu matora yo muri Amerika ategekanijwe uno mwaka.

Adekeye Adebajo, umwigisha wa kaminuza ya Johannesburg, avuga ko abategetsi kuri uno mugabane "bashaka kwerekana ko ubuzima bw’ibihugu vyabo bugendera ku magara yabo bwite", ari co gituma iyo hari ingwara iteye umutegetsi bica bigirwa ibanga ry’igihugu.

Hagize ikiba kuri bo, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku butunzi, ku masoko, mbere bigahindura na poritike y’igihugu, nk’uko umuhinga mu vyo umutekano yabibwiye BBC, ari na yo mpamvu kiba ikintu co kwitondera cane.

Mu bihugu bifise ubutegetsi bujegajega, usanga inzira zo gusubirizanya ku ntwaro zidatomoye neza, bigatuma haba ubwoba ko ari nka hamwe vyomenyekana ko ata mukuru ahari bishobora guteza indyane.

Mu myaka irenga mirongo ibiri iheze, Perezida Laurent-Désiré Kabila yarishwe n’umwe mu bari bamucungereye ubuzima.

Abategetsi babanje kwanka kwemera ko yari yishwe, bakavuga ko yatwawe kuvurirwa muri Zimbabwe, aho ni mu gihe bari bacihweza icari gukorwa.

Vyahavuye birangira umuhungu wiwe, Joseph, amusubiriye, kandi ata n’uburambe yari afise.

Muri Malawi, reta yabanje kunyegeza urupfu rwa Perezida Bingu wa Mutharika mu 2012, ivyatumya haduka ibihuha ko bariko barondera ingene icegera ciwe Joyce Banda atari kumusubirira.

Ariko mu gihugu kibanyi ca Zambia, aho abakuru b’igihugu babiri bapfuye bakiri ku butegetsi, hamwe no muri Ghana, igihe Perezida John Atta Mills yapfa mu 2012, ibwirizwashingiro ryarakurikijwe ata ngorane.

Mu myaka itari mike, abategetsi batari bake ba Afrika bamye binumira canke barakara iyo hari ivyo babajijwe ku vyerekeye amagara yabo.

Mu 2010, Robert Mugabe yahoze arongoye Zimbabwe yaramiriye kure ivyavugwa ku magara yiwe, aho yavuga ko vyari “ibinyoma vyambaye ubusa bikwiragizwa n’ibinyamakuru vy’Uburngero”.

Mu myaka itatu iheze, itangazwa ry’urupfu rwa Perezida Magufuli ryagiye kuza inyuma y’amayinga bamaze bahakana ko ata kibazo c’amagara yari afise. Hari mbere n’abantu bahagaritswe barapfungwa bagirizwa gukwiragiza ibinyoma ku magara yiwe, gushika aho bigaragariye ko batarira busema.

Aho vyabaye agahomerabunwa k’aho reta inyegeza ibijanye n’amagara y’umukuru w’igihugu ni muri Nigeria, aho Perezida Umaru Yar’Adua yamaze amezi atanu ataboneka ku mugaragaro.

Mu kwa mbere 2010, ibiro vyiwe vyavuze ko yariko aravurwa kandi ko yariko “aratora mitende”, ariko amakuru menshi yagumye yemeza ko ubwonko bwiwe butari bugikora.

Yar'Adua ntiyigeze asubira kuboneka ku mugaragaro, urupfu rwiwe rukaba rwaje gutangazwa mu kwa gatanu uwo mwaka.

Prof Tendi ati: “Bamwe muri aba bagabo bagomba kwumira ku butegetsi, gushika ku ka nyuma”

Abategetsi benshi ntibibaza ko abanyagihugu babo bafise uburenganzira bwo kumenya ingene amagara yabo yifashe, kuko ari ikibazo kigirwa ibanga rikomeye.

Ariko si bose.

Inyuma y’amayinga indwi yamaze mu karuhuko ko kwivuza mu 2017, Perezida Muhammadu Buhari wa Nigeria yaratangarije igihugu ko atari bwigere arwara nk’uko yari arwaye mu buzima bwiwe, nubwo atavuze ingwara iyo ari yo.

Ahmadou Ahidjo yahoze ari umukuru w’igihugu ca Kameruni azwi ko ari we mutegetsi wenyene wa Afrika yatanze imihoho kubera ingwara, mu 1982, inyuma y’imyaka 22 yari amaze ku butegetsi.

Iyi ngendo yo gutanga umuco no kurekura ubutegetsi ni imbonekarimwe. Abategetsi barenga 20 muri Afrika baramaze gupfira ku butegetsi, bamwe batanavuze ko bari barwaye.

Uwasubiriye Ahidjo, Paul Biya, ntiyakurikije akarorero kiwe.

Abategetsi bashobora kuba bagira ubwoba ko ari nka hamwe boramuka bashize ahabona ikibazo c’amagara yabo bishobora gutera intege abakeba canke ibihugu vyo hanze birondera kwivanga mu biraba igihugu canke guteza umutekano muke.

Mu 1996, abanyagihugu baratangarijwe ko uwari umukuru w’igihugu ca Zaire (ubu ni DR Congo) Mobutu Sese Seko yariko aravurwa ingwara ya kanseri ya prostate.

Ibi vyatumye Laurent Kabila yoroherwa mu rugamba rwiwe, aho yari arongoye inyeshamba zari zishigikiye n’Urwanda, Uganda n’Uburundi zaruhutse zimusenyuye

Mobutu yari aremvye cane ku buryo atari agishoboye kuyobora ingabo ngo yivune, bica biba ngombwa ko ahungira muri Maroc, maze Kabila aca afata igihugu.

Prof Tendi ati: “Iyo bigaragaye ko ufise amagara make, ni ikimenyetso ku bakeba bawe”.

Ariko Abeku Adams umurimyi akongera akaba n’umwigisha w’umunya-Nigeria w’imyaka 41, akaba amaze kubona abakuru b’igihugu babiri bapfuye bari ku butegetsi, avuga ko ibanga rishobora kuba ari “ikintu kijanye n’umuco”.

Ati: “Kugira ibanga ku bijanye n’amagara y’umuntu ni ikintu gifatwa nk’ibigize ubuvuzi mu mico itari mike ya Afrika. Ibi bishobora kuba ari vyo bituma banyegeza canke babesha ku bijanye n’amagara yabo”.

Mu gihe abanyagihugu bafise uburenganzira bwo kugira ibanga impapuro zo kwa muganga, bivugwa ko atari ko bimeze ku bategetsi ba poritike kubera ikibazo c’amagara yabo gishobora kugira ingaruka ku gihugu cose.

Mu gihe ibihugu vyinshi vya Afrika bishiraho uburyo bukomeye bwo gusubirizanya, hari ababandanya basaba ko ibijanye n’amagara y’abategetsi babo bibamwo umuco, cane cane kuri uno mugabane abakiri bato batera biyongera.

Adams ati: “Abategetsi bategerezwa guha abanyagihugu amakuru nk’aya”.

Ashimangira ko, kubera abanyagihugu bariha amakori, ari ngombwa ko bamenya ingene amagara y’indongozi zabo yifashe.

Birashoboka ko kamere ya poritike ya Malawi irangwamwo uguhiganwa gukomeye, mu gihe hategekanijwe amatora mu mwaka uza, ari vyo vyatumye Chakwera yiyerekana ariko akora iyi myimenyerezo – kugira ngo yerekane ko ahagaze neza gusumba umukeba wiwe nyamukuru Peter Mutharika amusumvya imyaka 15.

Ariko ku ruhande rwiwe, Biya nta bwoba afise bw’amatora – amaze gutsinda incuro zitanu nubwo abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bavuga ko abamwo ubusuma.

Muri demokarasi nyakuri, amagara y’indongozi akwiye kubamwo umuco, nk’uko umunyaporitike umwe abibwira BBC.

Ariko kamere ya poritike muri Afrika hafi yose, aho imigambwe iri ku butegetsi ikunze kwagirizwa kwiba amatora, ama coups d’Etat ya gisirikare niyo yama ateza ishinga, canke ugasanga n’abakuru b’ibihugu batorwa bagenda bahererekana mu muryango, gukorera mu muco si ingendo abategetsi benshi biteguriye gufata ubu bwa vuba.