'Nitwaba tudashobora kuvuga, tubereyeho iki?' - BBC yaganiriye n'abagore inyuma y'itegeko ry'aba Talibani

Ivyigwa vy'icongereza Shabana ajamwo buri munsi ni co kintu gikomeye kuri we ku munsi. Gufata bisi i Kabul agiye muri ivyo vyigwa ari kumwe n'abagenzi biwe, batera inkuru batwenga, yiga ibindi bintu bishasha isaha imwe buri munsi - ni akanya gato k'umunezero mu buzima bwiwe kuva aba Talibani basubiye ku butegetsi muri Afghanistan.

Iyaba ari mu kindi gihugu, Shabana yoronse urupapuro rw'umutsindo/impamyabushobozi rw'amashure yisumbuye mu mwaka uza, mu kubandanya indoto ziwe zo kuronka urupapuro rw'umutsindo mu vyigwa vy'ubudandaji.

Muri Afghanistan, we n'iyindi miyabaga y'abakobwa barabujijwe kuja kw'ishure haraciye imyaka itatu.

Ubu ni akamwemwe gake katuma bihangana mu buzima kasubiriwe n'ubwoba inyuma y'aho hatangarijwe itegeko rishasha rivuga ko mu gihe umugore atari i muhira, kibujijwe ko n'ijwi ryiwe ryumvikana.

Agira ati: "Iyo tugiye hanze, tuba dufise ubwoba. Turi muri bisi, tuba dufise ubwoba. Ntidushobora kwubahuka gukura agafukamunwa. Turanirinda kuvugana hagati yacu, twibaza ko hagize umuntu wo mu Batalibani atwumva, bashobora kuduhagarika hanyuma bakadusambisha."

BBC yaragiye muri Afghanistan, iremererwa, ibintu bitamenyerewe, kuvugana n'abagore hamwe n'abakobwa - co kimwe n'umuvugizi w'aba Talibani - ku vyerekeye itegeko rishasha, ryashizweho n'indongozi y'ikirenga y'aba Talibani, Haibatullah Akhundzada.

Iryo tegeko riha ubushikiranganji bujejwe gukwiragiza inyifato nziza no gukinga ivyaha - igipolisi c'aba Talibani kijejwe kwubahiriza inyifato ibereye - ububasha bukomeye bwo gushira mu ngiro iryo tegeko rigenga inyifato y'aba Talibani.

Ku bagore bari baramaze kugenda batakaza uburenganzira bwabo buhoro buhoro kubera urukurikirane rw'amategeko, iri tegeko rije guhuhura ivyahuha.

Shabana agira ati: "Nitwaba tudashobora kuvuga, tubereyeho iki? Tumeze nk'abantu bapfuye bahagaze."

"Igihe namenya ivyerekeye iryo tegeko, naciye mfata ingingo yo kutazosubira kuja kwiga. Kuko ngiye hanze, nzotegerezwa kuvuga, rero nshobora gushikirwa n'ikintu kibi. Nshobora kudasubira muhira amahoro. Ariko mawe yagumye anshishikariza kubandanya."

Mu myaka itatu iheze aba Talibani bafashe ubutegetsi, biragaragara ko n'aho ingingo itoba yategetswe gushirwa mu ngiro bikomeye, abantu baca batangura kuyikurikiza kubera ubwoba.

Abagore bake bake barabandanya kuboneka mu mabarabara yo mu bisagara nka Kabul, ariko nka bose ubu baripfutse hose kuva ku mutwe gushika kw'ino n'impuzu zirabura canke z'ubururu, benshi muri bo bapfutse isura yabo bagasigaza amaso gusa, inkurikizi y'ingingo yamenyeshejwe mu mwaka uheze.

Nausheen, aharanira agateka ka zina muntu, avuga ati: "Buri gihe wumva umenga uri mw'ibohero. No guhema bisigaye bigoye."

Gushika mu mwaka uheze, igihe cose hagiye harafatwa ingingo zishasha , ari mu migwi mito mito y'abagore bihereje amabarabara Kabul no mu bindi bisagara, basaba uburenganzira bwabo.

Iyo myiyerekano yaraburijwemwo hakoreshejwe inguvu n'igisirikare c'aba Talibani incuro nyinshi, gushika aho bayihagarika bose.

Nausheen yarapfunzwe mu mwaka uheze. "Aba Talibani barankweze banshira mu modoka bavuga ngo 'kubera iki utugwanya? Iyi ni intwaro ya ki Islam.' Bantwaye ahantu hatabona, hateye ubwoba aba ari ho bampfungira, bambwira amajambo ateye ubwoba. Baranankubise," uko ni ko avuga ariko ariyuha iryosozi.

Yongerako ati: "Igihe twarekurwa, ntitwari tukimeze nk'uko twari mbere, ari na co gituma twahagaritse imyiyerekano.

"Sinkeneye gusubira guteshwa agaciro kubera gusa ndi umugore. Umuntu yopfuma apfa hakubaho gutya."

Ubu abagore bo muri Afghanistan berekana ko badashima iryo tegeko mu gushira ku mbuga hwaniro videwo zabo, bapfutse amasura yabo, baririmba indirimbo zijane n'ubwigenge bwabo. "Reka tube ijwi rimwe, reka tugendere hamwe dufatanye amaboko hanyuma twiganzure ubu bubisha," ni amwe mu majambo ari muri imwe muri izo ndirimbo.

Icegera c'umuvugizi wa reta y'aba Talibani, Hamdullah Fitrat, atashatse ko afatwa ifoto yicaranye n'umugore canke yicaye imbere yanje, asigura iryo tegeko -riherekejwe n'izindi nyandiko ziri amaja hasi ku rupapuro - yifashishije inyandiko z'idini.

Agira ati: "Itegeko ryemejwe n'indongozi y'ikirenga rijanye n'itegeko rya Islam rya Sharia. Umuntu wese yize idini ashobora guhinyuza aho vyanditse."

Shireen, umwigisha, si ko abibona.

"Uko ni ko bo basigura Sharia. Islam yarahaye uburenganzira abagabo n'abagore guhitamwo nimba bashaka kwiga kugira batere imbere.

"Nimba bavuga ko amajwi y'abagore kizira ko yumvikana, reka dusubire inyuma muri kahise. Hari abagore benshi muri kahise ka Islam bavugiye aheru."

Shireen ni umwe mu ruhererekane rw'abagore b'abanya-Afghanistan rufise amashure yo mw'ibanga yarenze kw'itegeko ry'aba Talibani mu gacerere, ata rwamo ku bibujijwe.

Mu gihe yari asanzwe ashobora gushikirwa n'ingorane, rimwe na rimwe akaja arimura aho iryo shure rikorera ku mvo z'umutekano, iryo tegeko rishasha ryaje kwongereza ubwoba yari asanganywe.

Ivyago vy'uko ivyo akora bimenyekana ni vyinshi, ntashobora kutuvugishiriza i muhira iwe, ni co gituma yahisemwo kuraba ahandi tuvuganira hihishije.

"Buri gitondo mvyutse nsaba Imana ko umunsi worengana amahoro. Igihe itegeko rishasha ryaza, narisiguriye amategeko yaryo yose abanyeshure banje nca ndababwira ko ibintu bigiye kugorana gusumba. Ariko ivyo vyose ndabirambiwe, hari igihe numva nshaka gukoma induru," niko avuga.

"Ntibabona abagore nk'ibiremwa-muntu, [bababona] nk'ibikoresho gusa bifise ikibanza mu nzu honyene."

Karina, umuhinga mu nyifato akorana n'uruhererekane rw'amashure yo mw'ibanga, yari amaze kutubwira ko abagore bo muri Afghanistan barwaye 'akaranda k'ivyiyumviro vyo kwiyahura' kubera ibintu batemerewe.

Aho itegeko rishasha ritangarijwe, avuga ko yaciye aronka urutavanako rw'amaterefone rw'abamusaba kubafasha. "Umugenzi wanje yandungikiye ubutumwa ambwira ko ari bwa nyuma. Yariko ariyumvira kwiyahura. Bumva ko ata mwizero n'umwe basigaranye kandi ko ataco bimaze kubandanya kubaho," niko yavuze. "Kandi uko bukeye uko bwije niko birushiriza kugora kubagira inama."

Narabajije Hamdullah Fitrat inshingano za reta y'aba Talibani ku bagore n'abakobwa mu gihugu cabo, aho bugarijwe n'amaganya n'ivyiyumviro vyo kwiyahura kuko batemerewe kwiga.

"Amashure ya bashiki bacu ni ikibazo gikomeye. Turiko turagerageza kugitorera inyishu nk'uko bisabwa na benshi muri bashiki bacu," niko uwo muvugizi yavuze.

Ariko inyuma y'imyaka itatu, koko bibaza ko hari umuntu yoba acemera ivyo bavuga?

"Turindiriye ingingo y'indongozi zacu. Ni yafatwa, twese tuzoyimenyeshwa," niko yishuye.

Mu nama za mbere z'abategetsi b'aba Talibani, harabaye akanya ko kubona muri reta y'aba Talibani hari ukutabona kumwe ico kibazo c'amashure y'abagore, bamwe bashaka ko bosubira kwiga. Ariko indongozi zo muri Kandahar zagumye ziboshe, kandi nta n'umwe arashobora kuvuguruza amategeko y'indongozi y'ikirenga.

Twarabonye bimwe mu bigaragaza ubutandukane mu vyiyumviro. Hafi ya Kabul, twaremerewe tutari tuvyiteze gushika mu kigo c'aho bigira kwakira abavyeyi (kuvyaza) cegukira ubushikiranganji bw'aba Talibani bujejwe amagara y'abantu. Cari gisanzwe kiriko kirakora umunsi twakigendera, kandi kubera twemerewe ku munota wa nyuma, turazi ko bitakozwe kugira tubibone.

Abagore barenga 10 bafise mu myaka ya 20 bariko barakurikira icigwa cariko kiratangwa n'umuganga w'umugore. Icigwa kigizwe n'ivyigwa vyo mw'ikaye hamwe n'ibiringo vyo ku bishira mu ngiro.

Abanyeshure benshi ntibashobora kuvuga bisanzuye, ariko benshi bavuze ko bari banezerewe no gukora ico gikorwa.

"Umuryango wanje uranyishimiye cane. Nasize abana banje i muhira kugira nze ngaha, ariko barazi ko ndiko ndafasha igihugu. Iki gikorwa kirampa inguvu cane,'' niko Safia avuga.

Benshi barerekanye ko bari muri bake baronse ayo mahirwe, mbere bamwe barerekanye amakenga y'uko n'ivyo bishobora guhagarikwa. Ubushikiranganji bw'aba Talibani bujejwe amagara y'abantu ntibwishuye ikibazo co kumenya iyo buzokura abanyeshure biga ico cigwa muri kazoza, mu gihe abakobwa batemerewe kubandanya amashure bahejeje umwaka wa gandatatu.

Amagara y'abantu, umutekano n'utugenegene biri mu bisata biri ku rushi aho abagore bemerewe kubandanya akazi mu bice bimwe bimwe vy'igihugu. Ariko si ingingo y'icese ibaha uruhusha. Biba ku mwumvikano wa buke buke hagati y'abategetsi bo hasi b'aba Talibani, amashirahamwe ategamiye reta n'abandi babifisemwo uruhara.

Itegeko rishasha rituma n'ivyo bishobora gufatirwa ingingo iyo ari yo yose n'igiporisi c'aba Talibani kijejwe inyifato ibereye.

Amasoko yacu mu mashirahamwe y'abagiraneza yatubwiye ko bita ku rutare mu gutahura ingene iryo tegeko ritegerezwa gusobanurwa ariko bibaza ko rizotuma ibikorwa vyabo bigorana gusumba.

Iryo tegeko ryatangajwe ata mezi abiri aheze aba Talibani bitavye ibiganiro vyari birongowe na ONU ku bijanye no gukorana na Afghanistan - ibiganiro vyari bibaye ubwa mbere amashirahamwe adaharanira inyungu za poritike n'ayaharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore akabikumirwamwo, bisabwe n'aba Talibani.

Vyatumye benshi mu makungu bibaza niba vyari bikwiye ko hemerwa ivyasabwe n'aba Talibani kugira iyo nama ibe, n'ingene ugukorana nabo muri kazoza kuzoba kumeze.

Mu kugira ico rivuze kuri iryo tegeko, ishirahamwe rya Buraya ryasohoye itangazo ry'amajambo akomeye cane rivuga ko izo nzitizi ari 'ugohonyanga ukuzako uburenganzira... bishobora kuba ari uguhohotera abagore navyo bikaba ari icaha gikorewe zina muntu'. Ryavuze kandi ko iryo tegeko ari 'izindi ntambamyi bishiriyeho bo nyene mu nzira yo kunagura imigenderanire no kwemerwa mu makungu'.

"Indangagaciro ziri muri iryo tegeko ziremewe mu gihugu ca Afghanistan. Nta ngorane zihari. Dushaka ko amakungu, na cane cane ONU n'abandi bemera kwubaha amategeko ya Islam, imigenzo n'indangagaciro z'aba Islam," niko icegera c'umuvugizi w'aba Taliban Hamdullah Fitrat yavuze.

Nta ndwi zibiri ziheze ubushikiranganji bw'aba Talibani bujejwe kugenzura inyifato (kwigenza nabi no kwigenza neza) buvuze ko batazosubira gukorana n'ubutumwa bwa ONU muri Afghanistan kubera bwaneguye iryo tegeko.

Biragaragara ko imigenderanire yasa n'iyiriko iratera imbere mu mezi abiri aheze, isa n'izibiwe n'igihongo c'amabuye.

"Nibaza ko hageze ku kibazo c'imfashanyo, amakungu akwiye kubandanya gufasha Afghanistan. Ariko hageze kuvugana n'aba Talibani, hategerezwa kuba ingingo ivuga ko mu biganiro ivyo ari vyo vyose, abagore bategerezwa kuba bahari. Kandi ivyo bidashoboka, amakungu yoca ahagarika kuvugana na bo," niko umuhinga mu nyifato Karina avuga.

"Amakungu ategerezwa kuguma akurikirana ibishikira abagore muri Afghanistan, kuko atabikoze ivyo vyiyumviro [vy'aba Talibani] bishobora kubashikira vyoroshe, aho bari mu ngo zabo."

* Amazina y'abagore babajijwe muri iyi nkuru yarahinduwe ku mvo z'umutekano wabo

*Iyi nkuru yaratererewe na Imogen Anderson hamwe na Sanjay Ganguly