Abanyafurika y'Epfo mu matora mu gihe ubwiganze bwa ANC bushobora guhinduka

Abanyafurika y'Epfo bazindukiye mu matora ya mbere y'ingenzi cyane abayeho kuva ubutegetsi bw'ivanguramoko bwa ba nyamucye b'abazungu (apartheid) bwarangira mu mwaka wa 1994.

Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 27 ni bo biyandikishije bashaka gutora, muri aya matora agaragaza gukomeza gucikamo ibice muri politiki nyuma y'iyi myaka 30 ishize y'ubutegetsi bwa demokarasi.

Mu buryo butari bwarigeze bubaho, amashyaka 70 n'abakandida bigenga 11 barimo guhatana muri aya matora, azaha Abanyafurika y'Epfo inteko ishingamategeko nshya, n'inteko icyenda zishingamategeko zo ku rwego rw'intara.

Umusesenguzi muri politiki Richard Calland yabwiye BBC ati: "Ukwiyongera cyane kw'amashyaka kugaragaza gutenguhwa n'amashyaka abiri manini amaze igihe kirekire, cyangwa, abatabyemera ni ko bo bavuga, ko abantu barimo gushaka umwanya wo kugera mu nteko ishingamategeko ngo bizere kuzabona amafaranga y'izabukuru [pansiyo]."

Ishyaka rya ANC (African National Congress), riri ku butegetsi kuva Nelson Mandela wamenyekanye cyane mu kurwanya apartheid yarigeza ku ntsinzi ubwo apartheid yarangiraga, ririmo gushaka manda ya karindwi ku butegetsi.

Nubwo ryizeye "intsinzi mu buryo budasubirwaho", amakusanyabitekerezo yakomeje kumvikanisha ko iri shyaka rizatakaza ubwiganze bwaryo mu nteko ishingamategeko, ku nshuro ya mbere mu mateka yaryo, bigatuma biba ngombwa ko ryinjira mu rugaga n'irindi shyaka cyangwa andi mashyaka atavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi.

Profeseri Calland yabwiye BBC ati: "Turimo kwinjira mu cyiciro gikurikiyeho cya demokarasi yacu, kandi kigiye kuba inzibacyuho nini.

"Dushobora kuzahinduka demokarasi irimo ihatana rirushijeho kandi ikuze, cyangwa politiki yacu izarusheho gucikamo ibice."

Nta matora ataziguye ya perezida abaho – inteko ishingamategeko nshya ihitamo perezida, ubusanzwe uba ari umukuru w'ishyaka ryagize ubwiganze mu majwi yavuye mu matora.

Ibikorwa byo kwiyamamaza byari byiganjemo ruswa ivugwa henshi muri leta, ubushomeri buri ku kigero cyo hejuru cyane, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko, serivisi zigenewe abaturage zirimo kurushaho kwangirika n'ubugizi bwa nabi buri ku kigero cyo hejuru.

Ishyaka rya DA (Democratic Alliance), rya mbere rikomeye mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, ryagiranye amasezerano n'andi mashyaka 10, bemeranya gushyiraho leta y'urugaga bahuriyemo, mu gihe baba babonye amajwi ahagije yo gukura ANC ku butegetsi.

Ariko ibi bisa nk'ibidashoboka na gato kuko ANC yitezwe gukomeza kuba ishyaka rinini cyane, bikarishyira mu mwanya uhamye cyane wo kuyobora urugaga.

Mu matora y'ubushize, ANC yabonye amajwi 57.5%, ugereranyije na DA yabonye amajwi 21%.

Uwahoze ari Perezida Jacob Zuma yaratunguranye cyane mu Kuboza (12) mu mwaka ushize, ubwo yatangazaga ko avuye muri ANC akiyamamaza mu ishyaka rishya, ryitwa uMkhonto weSizwe (MK), bisobanuye Icumu ry'Igihugu.

Nubwo yangiwe kwiyamamaza mu nteko ishingamategeko kubera ko yahamwe no gusuzugura urukiko, izina rye ni ho hahandi riragaragara ku rupapuro rw'itora nk'umukuru wa MK.

Amakusanyabitekerezo yumvikanisha ko ishyaka rya MK rishobora kugira amajwi hafi 10%. Ryitezwe kwitwara neza by'umwihariko mu ntara Zuma avukamo ya KwaZulu-Natal, aharangwa ubushyamirane bwinshi, ndetse byatangajwe ko habereye ibikorwa bicye by'urugomo mu kwiyamamaza.

Prof Calland yagize ati: "Amatora muri KwaZulu-Natal ashobora kuba mabi cyane – witege ubushyamirane bwinshi no kutemeranya ku byavuye mu matora."

Abagore bagize 55% by'abiyandikishije bashaka gutora – bivuze ko abagore bagera kuri miliyoni 15, nkuko bikubiye mu mibare yatangajwe n'akanama k'amatora.

Mu bijyanye n'ikigero cy'imyaka, benshi mu biyandikishije gutora ni abafite hagati y'imyaka 30 na 39. Bagize hafi miliyoni zirindwi z'abatora bose hamwe miliyoni 26.7.

Ariko, nkuko Prof Calland abivuga, abagera kuri miliyoni 13.7 bagejeje igihe cyo gutora ntibiyandikishije ngo batore, benshi muri bo – ni ukuvuga miliyoni umunani – bafite munsi y'imyaka 30.

Yongeyeho ati: "Bateye umugongo [iyi] demokarasi yacu ikiri nto mu myaka. Bifatwa ko batakaje icyizere, biyumva ko bahejwe mu bukungu kandi bakabona ko nta batavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bashoboye bahari."

Iki gitekerezo cyemejwe na Keabetswe Maleka, w'imyaka 29, utuye i Soweto, aha ni ho hari izingiro ry'imyivumbagatanyo y'abanyeshuri yo mu 1976 yo kurwanya apartheid.

Mu kiganiro BBC Africa Daily podcast, yagiranye n'umunyamakuru wa BBC Mpho Lakaje, Maleka yavuze ko atazatora kubera serivisi mbi zigenewe rubanda, no kubera ko ari umushomeri.

Yagize ati: "Ndimo gushaka akazi. Nta kintu na kimwe kirimo kuba."

Undi muturage w'i Soweto, Mawela Rezant w'imyaka 66, yavuze ko rwose azatora kuko yizeye ko ubutegetsi buzajyaho buzahangana n'ubushomeri n'ubugizi bwa nabi.

Yongeyeho ati: "Nizeye kubona ubukungu bwacu bwiyongera. Nizeye kubona polisi iri mu kazi ku bwinshi."

Abapolisi n'abasirikare bagabwe ku biro by'itora mu gihugu, mu gutuma amatora aba mu mahoro, no kugira ngo impapuro z'itora ntizibwe.