Aba- astronauts bagiye mu isanzure mu butumwa bw'iminsi micye bagaherayo ubu bari mu nzira bataha kw'Isi nyuma y'amezi 9

Biteganyijwe ko mbere gato ya saa yine z'ijoro ry'uyu munsi ku isaha ngengamasaha (hafi saa sita z'ijoro i Gitega na Kigali) ikigendajuru kibazanye kisenura ku nyanja ku Isi nyuma y'amezi icyenda bamaze mu isanzure barahezeyo.

Tariki 05 Kamena (6) 2024, Suni Williams na Butch Wilmore, abahanga mu by'isanzure (astronauts) ba NASA bagiye kuri sitasiyo mpuzamahanga - International Space Station (ISS) - mu kigendajuru Boeing Starliner, bagombaga kumara iminsi 8 gusa bakagaruka ku isi.

Bwari ubutumwa bwa mbere butwaye abantu kuri ISS bari mu kigendajuru Starliner cya Boeing, ryari igerageza. Ariko bagezeyo ibintu byahindutse.

Agasongero k'iki kigendajuru (capsule) ari na ko kagera kuri ISS, kagize ibibazo byinshi bya tekinike karimo kerekezayo, abahanga banzura ko byaba ari akaga ko bakagarukamo ku Isi.

Williams na Wilmore bahise bahera mu isanzure, ndetse ako gasongero bagiyemo kaje kugarurwa ku Isi karimo ubusa muri Nzeri (9) umwaka ushize, bivuze ko bariya bahanga bagombaga gutegereza ikindi kibazana ku isi.

Ubu ni nde ubazanye kandi gute?

Kugira ngo babashe kugaruka ku Isi byabaye ngombwa ko bategereza ubundi butumwa bw'icyogajuru bujya mu isanzure bwari gukurikiraho, nk'uko NASA yabyemeje. Kugira ngo bazagarukane na bwo butashye.

Byabaye ngombwa ko bategereza ikigendajuru cya SpaceX cyari kwerekezayo muri Nzeri (9) ishize. Iki kigendajuru cyazamukanye aba- astronauts babiri aho gutwara bane, gisiga umwanya w'abantu babiri Williams na Wilmore bazagarukamo.

Icyo wamenya ariko ni uko ikigendajuru Dragon cya SpaceX cyari gifite ubutumwa bw'amezi atandatu. Ibyatumye nyuma y'amezi atatu bari bamaze, Williams na Wilmore bategereza andi atandatu kugeza uyu munsi.

Muri iki gitondo, Suni Williams na Butch Wilmore hamwe na bagenzi babo Nick Hague wa NASA na Aleksandr Gorbunov wa Roscosmos yo mu Burusiya, bahagurutse bari kumwe mu kigendajuru Dragon cya SpaceX.

Williams na Wilmore bari batunzwe n'iki kuri ISS?

Kuko ubutumwa bwabo bwari ubw'igihe gito, bagenda ntabwo bitwaje ibintu byinshi.

Bitwaje udukoresho ducye tw'isuku n'imyenda micye, kuko bari kumara icyumweru kimwe kirengaho gato.

Williams yatwaye n'amakarita yo gukina. Uyu mugore yemeza ko atari yiteze kuzayakina – ariko mu kiganiro yatanze ari kuri ISS mu ntangiriro z'uku kwezi yavuze ko yabafashije kuko we na mugenzi we bayakinaga.

Ikigendajuru Dragon cya SpaceX cyagiyeyo muri Nzeri cyabashyiriye ibikoresho birimo ibiribwa, imyenda, amazi, n'umwuka wa oxygen. Mbere yacyo bari batunzwe no gukoresha neza no kuzigama bicye biba bisanzwe mu cyogajuru.

Hagati aho, Williams na Wilmore bakomeje akazi kabo k'ubushakashatsi kuri iriya sitasiyo mpuzamahanga iri mu isanzure, bakajya gutembera n'amaguru mu isanzure, kandi bagatanga amasomo kuri video bigisha abanyeshuri bari ku Isi ku buzima mu isanzure.

Amezi icyenda mu isanzure agira ingaruka ku mubiri

Ubusanzwe aba-astronauts bamara nibura amezi atandatu kuri ISS – ariko aba bahamaze amezi icyenda. Kandi kuba mu isanzure bigira ingaruka ku mubiri.

Nubwo aba-astronauts bari kuri ISS bakora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri munsi, aha hantu hadafite ireme ry'uburemere kuko nta rukuruzi nk'iyo kw'isi ihari, hatuma amagufa y'umuntu atakaza ugukomera kwayo, ndetse n'umuntu akananuka.

Gutembera kw'amaraso – ubusanzwe gufashwa no kuba dufashe hasi ku Isi – na ko kugirwaho ingaruka kuko nta rukuruzi amaraso ava aha akajya hariya bitewe n'uburyo umubiri utambitse, umanutse, cyangwa uzamutse, ibi bigatera ikibazo cy'amaso.

Aba bahanga kandi baba bageramiwe n'imirasire (radiation).

Buri wese uri kuri ISS amagara ye akurikiranirwa hafi iyo ari yo – ibi kandi bigakomeza n'iyo agarutse ku Isi.

Impinduka nyinshi zibabaho zishobora kongera zikisubiranya uko umubiri ugenda wongera kumenyera kuba ufashe hasi kw'Isi, ariko bifata igihe.

Baraje…Urugendo ruragenda rute?

Muri iki gitondo ahagana saa moya ku isaha y'i Nyanza ya Nyabisindu mu Rwanda n'i Nyanza ya Makamba mu Burundi, ikigendajuru SpaceX Dragon cyahagurutse kuri 'International Space Station' kirimo bariya ba-astronauts bane.

Guhaguruka kwacyo birikora, si nko gutera umugeri moto cyangwa kwatsa imodoka, abakirimo ntacyo basabwa gukora.

Ariko urugendo ruva mu isanzure ntabwo rworoshye nk'uko rutangira.

Iki kigendajuru kirakora urugendo cyihuta cyigana ku kugerageza kwinjira mu kirere (atmosphere) cy'Isi, aho kiri buce mu bushyuhe bugera kuri dogere celicius 1,600. Abakirimo barindwa ubu bushyuhe bukabije n'ibyuma byabugenewe cyubakishije.

Mu gihe iki kigendajuru kiba kigeze mu kirere cy'isi, gihita gitangira kugenda buhoro hano abakirimo bahita bumva imbaraga zikomeye zizwi nka 'g-forces', zikubye kane imbaraga z'uburemere bwa rukuruzi y'Isi (gravity).

Ku musozo, imitaka (parachutes) minini ine irafunguka – iyi ikagifasha kururuka buhoro buhoro mbere yo kwisenura ku nyanja yo hakurya ya Florida muri Amerika.

Helen Sharman, Umwongerezakazi wagiye mu isanzure mu 1991 yabwiye BBC ko uru rugendo rwo kugaruka ku Isi ruba rushimishije.

Yagize ati: "Bariya ni aba-astronauts babizobereyemo, gusa baraza gusabwa n'ibyishimo byo kugaruka ku Isi. Umwuka mwiza ni cyo kintu cya mbere kikwakira."

Uru rugendo rw'iki kigendajuru rurafata amasaha 17.

Uko NASA ivuga ko urugendo ruri bugende: