Kubera iki FDLR ikivugwa ko ari inzitizi ku mahoro mu karere inyuma y'imyaka hafi 30

"Ari nka hamwe ikibazo c'umuhari FDLR kitotorerwa umuti, kandi twashizeho inzira yo kugitorera umuti mu masezerano, bisigura ko FDLR izoba ikiri ngaho, ko rero ikibazo kibandanya kiri aho, kandi Urwanda ruzokwama rukora ivyo rutegerezwa gukora igihe cose FDLR izoba iri ku mupaka wacu".

Aya ni amajambo ya Perezida Paul Kagame w'Urwanda aheruka gushikiriza mu kiganiro n'abanyamakuru i Kigali mu Rwanda, ku wa 5 Mukakaro (7), uno mwaka, mu birori vyo kwibuka imyaka 31 yo "kwibohora".

Mw'iryo jambo ryiwe yavuze no ku masezerano y'amahoro aherutse guterwako igikumu n'abashikiranganji b'imigenderanire ba Congo n'Urwanda, yagize ati:

"Nta nyishu y'igitangaza ihari. Ikiriho ni uko ukora ico utegerezwa gukora mu gutorera umuti ikibazo […] twebwe tuzokora ivyo twemeye gukora, tubikorane n'abandi, kandi tuzobikora […] ariko uruhande dukorana rugize amayeri rukadusubiza muri ico kibazo, aho rero tuzohangana na co nk'uko twamye tubikora".

Aya majambo arerekana ingene ikibazo ca FDLR irwanya reta y'Urwanda kimaze imyaka n'iyindi ari ihwa rimugaje imigenderanire hagati y'iki gihugu na Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo.

Nkako, nimba ubuseruko bwa Congo, cane cane mu ntara za Kivu ya Ruguru n'iy'Epfo, burangwamwo imvururu zidahera, haraciye imyaka hafi 30, harimwo uruhara rw'izi nyeshamba zirwanya ubutegetsi bwa Kigali, zavutse inyuma y'ihonyabwoko ryo mu Rwanda mu 1994, aho ibihumbi n'ibihumbi vy'Abatutsi, n'Abahutu batari barishigikiye bagandaguwe n'Abahutu b'intagondwa, cane cane Interahamwe.

Umuhari FPR warwanya reta ya Perezida Habyarimana umaze gufata ubutegetsi muri Mukakaro (7) 1994, abaharurwa mu miriyoni, cane cane Abahutu, baciye bahungira mu bihugu vy'akarere, harimwo n'icari Zaïre ico gihe, ubu ni Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo.

Reta ya Perezida Mobutu Sese Seko yahaye indaro ibihumbi n'ibihumbi vy'abahoze ari ingabo z'Urwanda, Ex-FAR, hamwe n'Interahamwe. Ukwakira aba bantu kwabaye ukwikwegera ikara mu gashambara kuko gushika ubu, intambara yadutse mu 1996 ifise intego yo gutuza abitwaje ibigwanisho bafatwa ko bari bageramiye umutekano w'ubutegetsi bushasha bw'Urwanda, ari na yo yomoye Perezida Mobutu inyuma y'imyaka irenga 30 ku butegetsi bwa Zaïre, iracari kananirabahinga.

Gushika ubu, utwigoro twose two kurandura burundu inyeshamba zirwanya ubutegetsi bwa FPR, ubu zihurikiye muri FDLR, ntaco turashikako, ukaba warabaye nk'akaranda k'ukutumvikana kumaze igihe kinini hagati y'ibihugu bibiri bisangiye urubibe - Urwanda na Congo.

Iyi nkuru irinjira mw'ido n'ido ry'uno muhari uteje icuka kibi hagati y'ibi bihugu bibanyi imyaka idahera, aho buri ruhande rwagiriza urundi gufasha umurwi uyu canke uriya urondera guhungabanya ubutegetsi bw'uruhande uru na ruriya.

FDLR yaje gute?

FDLR (impfunyapfunyo y'igifaransa Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du RWANDA) yashinzwe "mu kwa gatanu umwaka wa 2000", nk'uko Curé Ngoma umuvugizi wayo abivuga, akavuga ko "iyindi mirwi yari yashinzwe mu makambi yaciye izimangana".

Bamwe bibuka nk'imirwi irimwo RDR (Rassemblement pour le retour des réfugiés et la démocratie au Rwanda), ALiR (Armée de Libération du Rwanda) na PALIR (Parti pour la Libération du Rwanda), yose yari yashinzwe kugira ngo ihangane n'ubutegetsi bushasha bwa FPR yari iherutse gufata Kigali mu 1994. Iyi mihari yose, co kimwe na FDLR, yafatwa na reta ya FPR ko ari iy'abakoze ihonyabwoko.

Abajijwe ku vyerekeye uruhara rw'abantu babo mw'ihonyabwoko, Curé Ngoma yishuye BBC ati: "FDLR igizwe n'Abanyarwanda ingeri zose. Uno muhari washinzwe mu ntumbero yo gukingira impunzi. Ivy'ukuvuga ngo 'Interahamwe', 'abakoze ihonyabwoko', ni ingendo ya Kigali yo kutwambika ibara".

Avuga ko mu bantu babo atawe bazi yakoze ihonyabwoko, akavuga ko kubona reta y'Urwanda ibandanya iribagiriza iba ifise ico ishaka gushikako.

Ariko nubwo avuga uko, muri Ntwarante (3) uyu mwaka, umwe bantu bari abakuru ba FDLR, Général de Brigade Gakwerere yafashwe n'umuhari M23 i Goma akarungikwa mu Rwanda, yagirizwa uruhara mw'ihonyabwoko i Butare mu bumanuko bw'Urwanda.

FDLR ni umwe mu mihari y'inyeshamba irenga ijana izwi cane ko ikorera mu buseruko bwa Congo, ibangamiye ako karere, yatumye hategurwa ibitero bitari bike vya gisirikare bifise intego yo kuyituza.

Bamwe bibuka ibitero rusangi vyiswe Umoja Wetu mu 2009, Amani Leo, Kimya, n'ibindi, vyose vyari bifise intego nyamukuru yo kurandura imihari iteza umutekano muke muri ako karere, cane cane FDLR.

N'ubwo vyahitana abatari bake muri FDLR abandi bagafatwa canke bakishikana, inyuma y'igihe gito zaca zisubira kwiyubaka, canke mbere ugasanga n'abayirongoye ntaco babaye.

Ngoma ati: "Ivyo bitero nyene nivyo vyarabaye mu rwego rwo kugira ngo baduturatuze ariko ntaco vyigera bitanga [...] burya uwurwanira ukuri ntarambirwa, ni yo mpamvu bitigeze bigira ico bishikako".

Gushika ubu biragoye kumenya ibitigiri vy'abarwanyi ba FDLR. BBC Gahuzamiryango yarasavye Curé Ngoma ko yoyibwira ibitigiri vyabo ariko ntiyashatse kubishira ahabona, aho yagumye yemeza gusa ko bafise abarwanyi bakwiye.

Ati: "Imibare yoyo turayifise, nubwo hari abagenda basaza kubera ko imyaka igenda iba myinshi, ariko hari amaraso mashasha agenda azamwo kubera ko abantu bose bagenda bumva urugamba turimwo.

"Rero umuhari wacu uraremye, urahagaze uko twatanguye mu 2000, ibitigiri niho biri, amaraso mashasha agenda asubirira abagenda basaza".

Hagati aho, reta y'Urwanda yemeza ko abarwanyi ba FDLR baharurwa hagati ya 7.000 na 10.000, nk'uko umuvugizi w'igisirikare c'iki gihugu yabibwiye ikinyamakuru Igihe gikorera ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi muri Ruheshi (6) uno mwaka.

Impamvu FDLR idashobora kuzimangana - Jason Stearns

Ku ruhande rwiwe, Jason Stearns umushakashatsi ku bijanye n'intambara muri RD Congo, avuga ko ivyegeranyo vy'ishirahamwe ONU vyerekana ko ubu aba barwanyi baharurwa mu bihumbi bitatu.

Uno mushakashatsi arerekana imvo nyinshi zituma umuhari FDLR udashobora kuzimangana kandi ubandanya ukorera muri ico gihugu inyuma y'imyaka hafi 30 yose, n'aho habaye ivyo bitero vyose vyo kuwutuza.

Imvo ya mbere avuga ni uko "abarwanyi benshi ba FDLR batinya ko ari nka hamwe bosubira mu Rwanda bototezwa, bagapfungwa canke bakicwa, nubwo hari umugambi w'igihugu wo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abatahutse".

Ati: "Ivyo ni vyo biri mu mitwe y'abarwanyi bato bato hafi bose, ariko ivyo siko bimeze. Ku vyo tuzi, kumbure birashoboka ko hariho aboba barahohotewe. Ariko kuri benshi, ni uguhendwa hamwe no kubakoropa mu mitwe, bikorwa n'abayobozi ba FDLR, bababwira ko ni baramuka basubiye mu Rwanda bashobora gutotezwa canke bakagirirwa ibisumba ibi".

Iyindi mvo avuga [isa n'ivyo reta y'Urwanda yamye yagiriza reta ya Congo] ni iy'uko Congo yamye ifasha ikongera igakorana n'uno muhari.

Ati: "Ibi ni vyo. FDLR kuva mu 1996 – nubwo ico gihe batitwa gutyo, bitwa FAR n'iyindi mirwi yitwaje ibirwanisho – barakoranye na Mobutu. Kuva 1998 gushika mu 2003, barakoranye na reta za Congo za Laurent na Joseph Kabila. N'inyuma y'aho, babandanije bakorana, uku ni ukuri".

Uno mushakashatsi avuga ariko ko ugukorana hagati y'izi nyeshamba za FDLR hamwe n'amareta ya Congo yagiye akurikirana vyakorwa mu kwishura ku bitero vy'Urwanda kuri iki gihugu, bivuye ahanini ku ntege nke z'igisirikare ca Congo, mu gihe abarwanyi ba FDLR bobo baboneka ko bagendera kuri "discipline" kandi ko bari bazi kurwana.

Ati: "Rero amareta, kuva no kuri Mobutu, yamye akoresha imirwi yitwaje ibirwanisho, cane cane agakorana na FDLR, kuko yafatwa nk'umurwi uzi urugamba, mu gihe bamwe mu barwanyi babo bari barahawe inyigisho zihagije za gisirikare.

"Hejuru y'ibi, mu barwanyi ba FDLR wasanga hari 'morale' nyinshi, aho bashobora kuja ku rugamba bagahangana bikomeye n'umwansi mbere bakemera no gusheta ubuzima bwabo, kubera baba bari ku marangamutima akomeye.

"Ni co gituma bamye bafatwa nk'abarwanyi karuhariwe, ari na co gituma reta ya Congo yamye ikorana nabo".

Abajijwe ukungene bakorana n'igisirikare ca Congo, Curé Ngoma arabihakana, ariko akavuga gusa ko basa n'abasangiye umwansi umwe.

Ati: "Urugamba rwacu ni ugukingira impunzi zacu n'ukwumvikanisha urugamba turimwo nk'impunzi z'Abanyarwanda. Abakongomani nabo bafise umurongo w'urugamba rwabo, nta na rimwe rero twovuga ngo turakorana.

"Ico duhuriyeko gusa ni uko dusa nkaho dufise umwansi umwe aduhiga mu karere turimwo, ni ukuvuga RDF na M23. Iyo bariko baduhiga, baje kurwana na FARDC hari igihe bashika ku birindiro vyacu, tugahangana, ariko twebwe ntaho duhuriye n'urugamba reta ya Congo irwana na RDF na M23".

Nayo kubona rimwe na rimwe igisirikare ca Congo carabatera, Ngoma avuga ko vyakorwa n'abari mu gisirikare ca Congo "bakorana n'umwansi".

Ati: "Twe rero twabifashe muri urwo rwego, kuko uko igitero cagenze, abo twabafashe nk'ivyitso bishobora kuba biri mu kwaha kwa reta ya Kigali, kandi na reta iravyivugira, ko hari abasirikare nk'abo, rero nta gitangaje kirimwo".

'FDLR yungukira mu mishamirano hagati y'Urwanda na Congo'

Jason Stearns avuga ko reta ya Congo n'iy'Urwanda, haba kuva ku butegetsi bwa Joseph Kabila canke bwa Tshisekedi zagiye zikorana, ariko mu nyuma hakaduka imishamirano, kandi ko ibi vyagiye bigira ingaruka uku canke kuriya ku muhari FDLR, wagenda ugwa uvyuka bivanye n'ibihe.

Ati: "Imbere ya M23, Urwanda rwarakoranye na reta ya Congo. Mu vy'ukuri, igihe Felix Tshisekedi yashika ku butegetsi, yarakoranye cane na reta y'Urwanda, aho Urwanda rwarungitse ingabo zidasanzwe gukorana na reta ya Congo hagati ya 2019 na 2021.

"Uku gukorana kwa cane kwaratanze akarusho kanini cane, nk'uko vyagenze nyene no kuri Kabila. Nk'akarorero mu 2019, muri ivyo bitero niho bishe umukuru wabo Sylvestre Mudacumura, hamwe n'izindi ntwazangabo nyinshi za FDLR".

Avuga ko ibi bitero vyagiye bikorwa n'ingabo za Congo hamwe n'iz'Urwanda "vyatumye FDLR isa n'iyafuswe rwose mu ntara ya Kivu y'Epfo, ubu ikaba isigaye mu ntara ya Kivu ya Ruguru, itakaza abarwanyi batari bake ku buryo gushika mu 2021 yari isigaranye abari hagati ya 500 na 1000".

Ariko rero, "igihe M23 yagaruka mu 2021, hanyuma reta y'Urwanda igaca iyishigikira, inyuma y'amezi make reta ya Congo yaciye isubira gutangura gukorana na FDLR, hanyuma FDLR nayo ica itangura kwinjiza abarwanyi", nk'uko Stearns abandanya abivuga.

Ati: "Rero mu vy'ukuri, inguvu za FDLR zariyongereye cane kuva M23 itanguje intambara kubera nyene ubufasha yahawe na reta ya Congo. Aha rero uca wumva ko intambara ya M23, uretse ko idashobora gutorera umuti ikibazo ca FDLR, ituma cunyuka gusumba.

"Hafi abarwanyi bose ba FDLR bari mu karere kagenzurwa na M23, ntibari mu karere kagenzurwa na reta, nibaza ko iki ari nkenerwa ko abantu bakimenya".

Reta ya Congo yoyo yama ivuga ko idakorana n'izi nyeshamba, ikabona ko ari urwitwazo rwa Reta y'Urwanda kugira ngo ruvogere ubusugire bwayo. Hagati aho, ivyegeranyo bitari bike vy'abahinga ba ONU vyagiye vyerekana ko hari ugukorana hagati y'izi mpande.

Koko FDLR iracari ikibazo gikomeye?

Ku bwa reta y'Urwanda, FDLR ni ikibazo gikomeye ku mutekano warwo, kandi ko mu gihe cose izoba ikiri ikibazo, ruzofata ingamba zo gukingira ubutaka bwarwo, nk'uko yabishikirije ibihumbi vy'Abanyarwanda bari mw'ikoraniro yatumyeko muri Ntwarante (5) uno mwaka, aho yagirije amakungu ko ayikingira ikibaba.

Mu rukurikirane rw'amasezerano yagiye ahaba hagati y'imihari yarwanya reta ya Congo yavugwa ko ishigikiwe n'Urwanda, imwe mu ntego yari iyo kurandurana n'imizi FDLR, intego itarigera ishikwako.

Ni na vyo biri mu masezerano reta y'Uwanda iheruka gushikako na Reta ya Congo, hari ku wa 27 Ruheshi (6) 2025, mu mugambi w'amahoro uhagarariwe na Amerika.

Ku bw'umushakashatsi Jason Stearns, ni vyo koko ko FDLR ari akaga ku basivire ba Congo, nk'uko bimeze no ku yindi mirwi yitwaje ibirwanisho, kuko ni "umurwi ukoresha iterabwoba, witwara bunyamaswa. Iyi mirwi yose yitwaza ibirwanisho isanzwe ibayeho ku migongo y'abanyagihugu".

'Ibibazo FDLR iteje u Rwanda ntibifise uburemere bihabwa'

Stearns aremera ko FDLR iteje ingorane Urwanda, ariko agasa n'uwerekana ko ibibazo iteza bishobora kuba bidafise uburemere bihabwa.

Ati: "Ni vyo, muri iyi myaka 20 iheze, bagiye bakora ibitero. Barashobora gutera ibiro kanaka vy'ubutegetsi, bakica abantu bakeya, bakanyaga inka. Nko mu 2019 barajabutse urubibe binjira muri Kinigi, barica igitigiri kanaka c'abantu mu Rwanda.

"Ariko igitero ca nyuma gikomeye nibuka bakoze ku Rwanda ni icabaye mu 2001, ni ukuvuga imyaka 24 iheze.

"Rero biravana n'ico wita akaga. Nimba akaga uvuga ari ukujabuka mu Rwanda bakica abasivire, ni vyo ni akaga ku Rwanda. Ariko kandi ngaha, n'umurwi w'inkozi z'ikibi urashobora kuba akaga ku Rwanda.

"Ariko none, ubwo boshobora gutera bakigarurira igisagara kanaka gikomeye? Novuga ko ari ibintu bidashoboka".

Ivyiyumviro nk'ibi ni vyo birakaza Perezida Kagame, we afata ko ikibazo c'umutekano kitarabira ku gitigiri c'abawuhungabanya.

Muri iryo koraniro ryo muri Ntwarante, yagize ati: "Abo bantu rero, iyo uvuze FDLR, Interahamwe, uza wumva ngo 'ariko abo bantu muvuga ngo ni bangahe?' Ushaka ko baba bangahe kugira ngo bateze ikibazo?"

Leta ya Congo yama ivuga ko reta y'Urwanda ikoresha FDLR nk'urwitwazo ifise izindi ntego. Ku bwa Stearns, ni vyo ko ifise kuba ari urwitwazo, ariko kandi nta nkeka ko ari imvo yumvikana, kubera amarangamutima y'ihonyabwoko.

Ati: "Ntushobora gutahura poritike y'Urwanda utavuze jenoside yo mu 1994. Ubutegetsi bwa FPR bushingiye ku kuba bwarahagaritse jenoside mu 1994, kandi bukaba bukingiye Abanyarwanda jenoside yindi yohava yaduka.

"Abanyagihugu bagira bati: 'None twokora iki hamwe hoba hari akaga kava mu gihugu kibanyi ca Congo, naho koba ari gato, gatewe n'imirwi yitwaje ibirwanisho yakoze jenoside'?

"Rero ni uruvangatirane rw'ubwoba no gukoresha ico kibazo mu buryo bwa poritike, kandi biragoye cane, mbere bisa n'ibidashoboka, gutandukanya ibi bintu bibiri".

None bizoherera he?

Mu gihe reta y'Urwanda idahengeshanya kuvuga ko FDLR itegerezwa gutuzwa burundu kugira ngo ireke kubangamira umutekano w'igihugu, Curé Ngomba wewe avuga ko umuhari avugira ushaka ibiganiro "kugira ngo ibibazo vyacu bitorerwe inyishu", kandi akabona ko "uko bizogenda kwose ibi biganiro bitegerezwa kuba", ikintu reta ya Kagame itarota iniyumvira.

Kuri reta y'Urwanda, urinze uvuga ibiganiro na FDLR ubwo nyene uca uba umwansi, uca ufatwa ko ushigikiye "amarangamutima ya jenoside".

Ibi ni na vyo mu 2013 vyacanishijemwo Perezida Paul Kagame na Jakaya Kitwete yari umukuru w'igihugu ca Tanzania, igihe yatanga iciyumviro c'uko ibihugu birimwo imirwi irwanya reta, harimwo n'Urwanda, bikwiye kuganira n'ababirwanya kugira ngo amahoro aboneke.

Ku bwa Perezida Kagame, abiyumvira "ivy'ibiganiro n'abatwiciye abantu, abantu bavuga FDLR nk'ibintu bisanzwe uko nyene, kandi bazi ko bariko bavuga ibi binogo rusangi vyahambwemwo abantu bacu... vyiza vyoguma mu mitwe yabo", nk'uko yumvikanye avuga inyuma y'amajambo yavuzwe na Perezida Kikwete muri Mukakaro (7) 2013.

Hari benshi batipfuza kubona umutekano ubonetse mu karere

Iyo hadutse intureka, reta y'Urwanda yama ishira imbere ikibazo ca FDLR, ko rufata ingamba zo gukinga ingorane zoterwa n'abarwanyi bayo, mu gihe reta ya RD Congo yoyo yagiriza Kigali ko ari yo ifatiye umuriro uno muhari.

Mu masezerano yagiye aterwako ibikumu, habayeho uguhungura impunzi z'Abanyarwanda ziri muri congo, ari nazo uno muhari uvuga ko urwanira, nubwo ata makambi yazo azwi ahantu na hamwe muri Congo. Igikorwa mbere n'ubu kimaze imisi kirangurwa.

Abajijwe igituma batoshira ibirwanisho hasi bagataha mu Rwanda, Ngoma avuga ko badashobora gutaha "kiretse impamvu twavuze nyamukuru zituma tudataha zavuyeho".

Ati: "Kugeza ubu izi mpamvu zatumye duhunga ziracariho. Ntabwo rero twotaha kandi izo mpamvu zikihari".

Jason Stearns wewe avuga ko ico ari icitwazo.

Ati: "Bavuga ibi kubera ni yo nzira yo kubandanya babaho. Iyo uvuganye n'abarongoye FDLR, ntibazokubwira ibijanye n'ihonyabwoko mu Rwanda mu 1994, bazokubwira gusa igandagurwa ry'impunzi z'Abanyarwanda igihe igisirikare c'Urwanda catera amakambi.

"Rero ni co camye ari icitwazo kuva kera kandi urazi ko ari bo bazigenzura".

Abajijwe icokorwa kugira ngo ikibazo ca FDLR gihere, umushakashatsi Stearns avuga ko ari ikibazo ngorabahizi, ariko ko vyose bizovana n'ubutegetsi n'ico abantu bashaka.

Ati: "Buri gihe abantu bafata ikibazo c'ubuseruko bwa Congo nk'akaga. Babona ko ata nzira n'imwe ishoboka kugira gihere".

Mu gihe ku bwiwe iyo amakambi y'impunzi zo mu 1994 atosorwa ntaberemwo ibikorwa vya gisirikare, ari na vyo vyatumye haduka intambara gushika n'ubu ikibandanya, nta ntambara yari kwaduka muri Congo.

Avuga kandi ko muri kahise hagiye habaho ibihe vyatanze umwizero w'amahoro mu karere, ariko ukagenda uzimangana kubera inyungu z'abakamisha intambara.

Ati: "Buri gihe habaye icizere co kuronka amahoro n'ituze, hari abantu badakora ivyo bategerezwa gukora, canke naho abatovyi bungukira cane mu ntambara no mu mvururu, abantu badashaka ituze ku mpande zompi z'umupaka, i Kinshasa n'i Kigali, i Goma n'i Bukavu".

Avuga ko ikibazo ca FDLR kiba caraheze iyaba mu karere no ku rwego mpuzamakungu barakoranye bafise intego yo kurondera amahoro, kuko ku bwiwe, "igihe cose habaye amahoro habura gato ngo FDLR izimangane, ariko iyo hadutse intambara kakaba akaryo ko kunaguka".

Ati: "Ikibabaje ni uko uravye ukungene ibintu vyagiye bigenda muri ino myaka 30 vyabonetse ko hari benshi mu babifisemwo uruhara batipfuza kubona umutekano n'ituze bibonetse mu karere".

Abona ko ari ngombwa ko abategetsi b'akarere no ku rwego mpuzamakungu muri rusangi bobona akunguko kanini amahoro n'ituze vyozanira abanyagihugu babo n'ubutunzi bw'ibihugu vyabo.

Abajijwe nimba hari icizere afise, yishura ati: "Icizere kiriho. Nta nkeka kiriho, ariko vyose bizovana n'uburongozi."