Ebola ni iki? Ni kuki ikiza cyabonetse muri Uganda giteye inkeke?

Inkuru ya Anne Soy

BBC News

Icyorezo cya Ebola muri Uganda birimo kugorana guhangana nacyo kurusha ibyorezo biherutse kuba, ariko perezida yimye amatwi abasaba ko ashyiraho ingamba za gumamurugo. Kugeza ubu abantu 31 nibo bimaze kwemezwa ko banduye Ebola, nubwo hari ubwoba ko hashobora kuba haranduye benshi kurusha abo.

Ebola ni iki?

Ni virusi yica ifite ibimenyetso bya mbere bishobora kuba birimo umuriro utunguranye, intege nke cyane, kubabara imitsi no kubabara mu muhogo.

Ibimenyetso bikurikiraho bishobora kuba kuruka, impiswi na - rimwe na rimwe - haba kuva amaraso imbere ndetse no hanze.

Hashobora gushira igihe kiri hagati y'iminsi ibiri n'ibyumweru bitatu mbere yuko ibimenyetso bya mbere biboneka. Ebola hari abashobora kuyitiranya n'izindi ndwara nka malariya na tifoyide.

Kuki iki cyorezo gikomeye?

Kuba harashize ibyumweru bitatu mbere yuko hamenyekana umuntu wa mbere wanduye Ebola ku itariki ya 20 z'ukwezi kwa cyenda, byateye impungenge.

Ebola ikwirakwira mu bantu binyuze mu buryo bwo gukora ku matembabuzi n'ahandi hari iyo virusi. Abantu kandi bashobora kwandurira mu gushyingura mu gihe abari mu kiriyo bakoze ku murambo.

Abenshi mu bantu 31 bagaragayemo Ebola babonetse mu karere ka Mubende muri Uganda rwagati, muri bo hakaba harapfuyemo batandatu.

Ariko rero, abapfuye bashobora kuba barenga abo. Minisiteri y’ubuzima ivuga ko hari abantu 18 bapfuye bafite aho bahuriye n'abo byemejwe ko banduye Ebola ahabereye imihango yo guhamba mbere yuko abarwayi bapimwa.

Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) rivuga ko ibyago byo guhitanwa na Ebola biri hagati ya 41% na 100%.

Hari urukingo?

Ikindi gihangayikishije ni uko ubu ari ubwoko bwa Ebola bwabonetse muri Sudani kugeza ubu budafite urukingo, bitandukanye n'ubwoko bumenyerewe bwabonetse muri Congo.

Ibi bivuze ko nta rukingo ku bakozi bashinzwe ubuzima, babarirwa muri batandatu mu bantu bimaze kwemezwa ko banduye.

Ubwoko bwa Ebola bwabonetse muri Congo bwagize uruhare runini mu cyorezo cya Ebola, muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba kuva mu kwezi kwa 12 muri 2013 kugeza muri 2016. Hapfuye abantu barenga 11.000.

Mu gihe habonekaga abantu banduye barenga 28.000 muri Gineya, Liberiya na Siyera Lewone, abahanga bakoze ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku nkingo za Ebola.

Nyuma y'imyaka ibiri icyo cyorezo kirangiye, urukingo rwa Ervebo rwakozwe na Merck rutari rwahabwe uruhushya rwo gutangwa, rwakoreshejwe mu gihe hatangiraga icyiza cya Ebola mu burengerazuba bwa Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Kongo.

Rwahawe uburenganzira bwo gutangira gukoreshwa na OMS, ivuga ko bufite ingaruka nke ku buzima mu gihe ruramira benshi.

Urukingo rwa kabiri rwakozwe na Johnson & Johnson rwahawe uruhushya rwo gutangira gukoreshwa n’ikigo gishinzwe imiti mu Burayi.

Ariko nta rukingo na rumwe muri izo zombi rwari rwageragerezwa kuri Ebola yabonetse muri Sudani.

Nubwo bimeze gutyo ariko, Perezida wa Uganda, Yoweri Museveni, yavuze ko guverinoma ye irimo gushakisha niba bikwiye ko izo nkingo zageragezwa.

Uganda ihanganye gute n'iki kiza?

Icyibandwaho ni ugukurikirana amakuru y'abanduye- gushaka abagereye abarwayi, cyane cyane abitabiriye imihango yo gushyingura abanduye.

Hari ikigo gifite ibitanda by'abarwayi 51 ubu cyatangiye gukora mu karere ka Mubende, ahiganje iyi ndwara. Ikigo cya kabiri kigomba gushyirwaho vuba.

Perezida Museveni yavuze ko laboratoire ebyiri zigendanwa zizoherezwa i Mubende bitarenze ku wa gatanu, kugira ngo abantu batagomba gukora ingendo bagiye gutanga ibizamini maze bigatuma bashobora gukwirakwiza iyi virusi.

Abaganga bagaragaje impungenge zatewe no kubura ibikoresho bihagije byo kubarinda nka gants n'udupfukamunwa. Basabye kandi ko akarere kabonetsemo Ebola gashyirwa mu kato.

Icyakora, Perezida Museveni yanze gufata ingamba zikarishye zo gukumira iyi ndwara avuga ati: "Ebola ntabwo ikwirakwizwa nka corona virusi kuko atari indwara yandurira mu mwuka."

Yavuze ko amasoko, amashuri ndetse n’aho basengera bizakomeza gukingurwa, ariko akangurira abantu kubahiriza isuku yabo no kwirinda kwegerana cyane.

Ebola ikwirakwira ite?

Ebola yinjira mu bantu ivuye mu nyamaswa zanduye, nk'inguge, uducurama, n'impongo zo mu mashyamba.

Inyama ziva ku nyamaswa z'agasozi abantu bahiga bivugwa ko ari ikigega gisanzwe cy'iyi virusi.

Ihita ikwirakwira mu bantu kubera gukora ku matembabuzi yanduye ava mu mubiri - amaraso, amacandwe, ibirutsi, amasohoro, amatembabuzi yo mu gitsinagore, inkari, umwanda mukuru n' icyuya.

Abagabo bakize Ebola abahanga basanze bagumana iyo virusi mu masohoro mu gihe runaka nyuma yo gukira.

Wakwirinda ute?

Mu rwego rwo kwirinda kwandura, inzobere mu by'ubuzima ziragira inama yo kwirinda gukora ku banduye, harimo guhagarika guhana ibiganza, gukaraba intoki n'isabune n'amazi ndetse no kwoza ahantu abantu bakora hakoreshejwe amazi arimo chlorine.

Ni ngombwa kandi gushyira mu kato abanduye n'ababakozeho. Ubusanzwe ibihugu bishyiraho ibigo bishyirwamo abakekwa kuba baranduye n’ibigo byita ku barwayi bemejwe na laboratoire.

Mu burasirazuba bwa DR Congo ihana imbibi na Uganda, abarokotse Ebola bagize uruhare runini mu kwita ku barwayi banduye kuko byagaragaye ko badashobora kongera kwandura.

Ariko, abakozi bo mu buvuzi bagomba kwambara ibintu bibarinda mu gihe barimo kwita ku banduye kugirango nabo batandura.

Imirambo yashyizwe mu mifuka yabugenewe igomba gushyingurwa n'abambaye ibikoresho bikwiye byo kwirinda.

Imifuka mishya igezweho ifite igice kibonerana cyerekana mu maso y'uwapfuye kugirango abo mu miryango we babashe kumureba ubwa nyuma nta byago byuko abanduza mbere yo gushyingurwa.