Kuki abagore bariko barakurayo ivyo biteje mu mabere?

Igihe umugore w'imyaka 32 wo muri Ukraine akaba n'umuhinga mu vy'ingaburo, Kateryna Krupkina, yatangaza ku mbuga hwaniro ko yakuye mu mabere yiwe ivyo yari yariteje, ntiyigeze yitega ko ivyo yari ahishuye vyari kugira ingaruka nini cane.

Iyi video yiwe yo kuri Instagram yarabwe incuro miriyoni 7,5 kandi avuga ko yaronse ubutumwa "burenga igihumbi" buvuye ku bagore bariko bariyumvira gukurayo na bo ibiterano vyari mu mabere yabo.

Yabwiye ikinyamakuru BBC News Ukraine ati: "Nabonye ko kugira amabere manini bitatuma ngira umunezero, amagara meza canke ubwiza", yongerako ko ingingo yiwe yaje inyuma y'aho umuto mu bakobwa biwe avugiye ko yipfuza kugira "amabere manini nka mama".

"Ico gihe caratumye mbona ko nari ndiko ndamuha akarorero kabi.'' Ni ko yavuze.

Kateryna si we wenyene. Hirya no hino kw'isi, abagore benshi cane bariko barahitamwo gukura mu mabere yabo ibiterano babasizemwo. Ariko kubera iki?

Imvo nyinshi

Amakuru ya vuba y'ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ry'abaganga babaga ku bwo gushaza canke kwigira mwiza (Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, ISAPS), ishirahamwe riza imbere kw'isi mu bahinga bemewe mu kubaga amabere ku bw'ugushaza canke kwigira mwiza, yerekana ko gukura ibiterano mu mabere vyiyongereyeko 46.3% kuva muri 2019.

Hagati aho, kwongereza amabere ngo abe manini, vyari ibintu biharawe mu myaka ya 1990 na 2000, hiyongereyeko gusa 5,4% muri ico kiringo nyene, bikaba vyakorotseko 13% kuva mu 2022 gushika mu 2023 gusa.

Abahinga mu vy'ubuvuzi bibaza ko imvo nyamukuru ituma ibiterano bivanwa mu mabere ihagaze ku gushaza no kwigira mwiza. Bavuga ko hariho agahararo k'''amabere asa na mato kandi ndemanwa gusumba".

"Abagore bashaka gusa ukundi mu 2025 bitandukanye n'uko basa mu myaka itanu canke icumi iheze,'' bivugwa na Muganga Kristy Hamilton wo mw'ishirahamwe ASPS muri Amerika, aho ari umuyobozi w'igisata c'imbuga hwaniro.

"Ibiterano twabashiramwo mu myaka ya 90 na 2000 akenshi wasanga ari binini cane.

Ubu, abagore bafise ivyo biterano bashaka kubigabanya ubunini, canke na ho nimba bafise umubiri ukwiye w'amabere ndemanwa, kumbure babikureyo burundu, bavyure ibirere (rihagarare), kandi kumbure bavane ibinure ahandi babitere mu mabere yabo canke mbere ubwo bunini bari barongererejwe babuhebe'', ni ko yongerako aho asanga amabere mato gusumba asigaye ari agahararo.

Muganga Bruno Herkenhoff, umukuru w'ishirahamwe ry'abaganga babaga ku bw'ugushaza n'ubwiza muri Brezil (SBCP), na we nyene aravyemeza.

"Bamwe bamwe mu batwitura ntibaciyumvamwo amabere yongerejwe ubunini cane," ni ko avuga. Akongerako ko ubu asigaye abaga kenshi abakurayo ibiterano kurusha abavyiteza.

Ikindi, nk'uko abandanya asigura, ni uko ''abagore bamwe bamwe bahitamwo kwirinda kuzokenera gusubiriza ibiterano vyabo muri kazoza, kuko ku bisanzwe ibiterano bimara imyaka iri hagati ya 10 na 20, bigasaba ko iyo myaka iheze umuntu abagwa kugira bisubirizwe.

Muganga Herkenhoff asanga kandi gutahura gusumba ingorane zijana n'indwara zituruka ku biterano vyo mu mabere n'ingaruka z'umubiri bituma abagore bamwe bamwe bakuramwo ibiterano canke mbere bakanaheba ivyo kwongereza ubunini bw'amabere.

"Ubu hariho amakuru menshi yerekeye indwara zanduruka ku biterano n'ingaruka z'umubiri wigwanya. Umubiri ushobora kutakira neza silicone (igiterano) ugaca uzana ibimenyetso nk'ububabare mu ngingo, kuvunguka umusatsi, no kwiyongera kw'ibiro.

"Hariho kandi kanseri zimwe zimwe zijanye n'ibiterano zishobora gushika," ni ko avuga.

"Ishobora gufatira iruhande y'ico giterano. Iyo yapimwe ikagaragara, kuvanayo ico giterano akenshi bica birangiza ico kibazo.

"Ni gake cane ariko birashika."

Yongerako ko bishika ku bwoko bumwe bumwe bw'ibiterano ariko we adakoresha ku bakiriya biwe.

Kateryna yari afise kimwe muri ivyo biterano, kandi avuga ko ingingo yiwe yo kubikuramwo "yigwije na cumi" n'aho ata bipimo vyo kwa muganga vyari vyerekanye ko afise kanseri.

"Ariko sinibaza ko ari yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma abagore benshi bariko barakuramwo ibiterano. Nibaza ko hariko haraba impinduka mu kubona ibijanye n'ubwiza canke ugushaza," ni ko muganga Hamilton avuga.

Yibaza kandi ko impinduka mu buhinga bwo gushira ibiterano mu mabere na zo nyene zishobora kuba ziri mu bitera ako gahararo ko kubikurayo.

Ku bwiwe, ubuhinga bwa kera bwashira igiterano munsi y'inyama, akenshi bigatuma umuntu asa n'uko ataremwe iyo ariko arikomakoma bisanzwe.

"Iyo ubonye abagore bafise ibiterano vya kera, yari ingorane ikomeye kuri benshi - igikiriza cabo carafyondeka iyo bariko barakora imyimenyerezo, bahoberana canke mbere bariko barakora yoga, ibiterano vyabo bigaca bihengamira ku ruhande."

Avuga ko ubuhinga bushasha bushira igiterano imbere y'inyama, bikarushiriza gutuma umuntu agaragara nk'uko ariko aremwe.

Agahararo ntikagarukira aho gusa

Abo bahinga bompi bavuga ko agahararo ko kugaragara uko waremwe ubu kariko kararenga ivy'ibiterano mu biharuro.

Muganga Hamilton avuga ati: "Ivyo ni ukuri cane - mu maso, izuru, ku mabere, n'umutumba."

Bavuga ko gukoresha cane uburyo butari ubwo kubaga nko kwiteza inshinge zo kwuzuza (fillers) mu kurwanya iminkanyari, muri kahise hari igihe vyatuma umuntu adasubira gusa nk'uko yaremwe, bigatuma ababigize basubira kwiyumvira uburyo bakoresha.

''Kuringaniza neza mu maso vyabaye nko guhindura mu maso hakaba aha shetani. Abantu benshi amaherezo basubira gusa uko bahora. Ubu abantu bashaka kugaragara neza bibayabaye, ata kurenza urugero,'' ni ko muganga Hamilton yongerako.

Muganga Hamilton avuga ko benshi ubu bariko baririnda kwiteza inshinge zo kwuzuza (fillers), na cane cane abatazimenyereye.

"Abatwitura benshi ari bashasha muri ibi bintu batanezerezwa na gato no kubigerageza kuko babonye uburorero bwinshi bw'uko ico gikoresho gikoreshwa nabi."

Avuga ko mu gisata cabo ubwa mbere bashimika ku kuba nkenerwa ko umuntu aterwa inshinge zo kwuzuza kenshi, ariko mu nyuma bigira ingaruka batari bifuza.

"Igihe twabwirwa ngo, 'Oh, ukeneye guterwa ishinge zo kwuzuza buri mezi atatu gushika kuri atandatu,' nibwira ko iryo ryari ikosa ryandurutse kuri iyo mirimo y'ugushaza n'ubwiza ... kandi nibwira ko vyononywe n'uko abantu batanguye kuja barayoberana mu masura [uko basa]."

Avuga ko ivyo vyatumye ababitura ubu barondera ibitagaragaza cane ko hari ico bahinduye ku mubiri wabo.

Mu buryo bushasha buriko burakundwa cane, uburyo bwo gukabura 'collagen', yongereza ireme ry'urukoba ariko rutongereje umuvyibuho, ubu ni bwo buza ubwa mbere ku vyo ababitura bahitamwo gukoresha, nk'uko Dr Herkenhoff abivuga.

Collagen ni yo ndemamubiri ya mbere igwiriye mu mubiri, isangwa mu magufa, mu rukoba, mu nyama, no mu nyama zifatanya ingingo.

Ariko, uko umuntu asaza ni ko igenda iragabanuka.

Ukuri ku kugaragara uko 'uremwe'

Kateryna ari mu ba mbere muri ako gahararo gashasha. Yaravanyemwo ibiterano mu mabere, yaragabanije kandi iminwa yiwe isubira kungana uko yahora, arahagarika no gukoresha Botox mu kurwanya iminkanyari.

Avuga ati: "Icifuzo canje n'uko ivyo ndiko ndakora vyocika ingendo y'abandi bagore kugira bikuremwo kurazwa ishinga n'ingene bategerezwa gusa [kugaragara]."

Isoko rikomeye muri kimwe mu makomoanyi akomeye mu bikorwa vyo kwigira mwiza ryemereye BBC ko ico gisata gishidikanya kuri ''ako gahararo k'ubwiza ndemanwa''.

Ariko rero, "ntibisigura gukoresha amahera make ku bikoresho vyo kwigira mwiza canke kwirinda gukoresha uburyo bwo kwibagisha canke gukoresha ubundi buhinga mu kubishikako; ahubwo n'ugusubiramwo ingene ugaragara ku buryo bigaragara ko ata nguvu nyinshi zigiyenwo kandi bigateza imbere uko usanzwe usa nk'uko waremwe.''

Mu mwaka wa 2023, igurishwa ry'ibikoresho vy'ubwiza kw'isi yose ryiyongereye gushika ku miriyaridi 446 z'ama dorari, bisugura ko vyaduze ku rugero rwa 10% ugereranije n'umwaka wa 2022, nk'uko bivugwa n'icegerayo c'ikigo kibikurikirana McKinsey gikoreshesheje amakuru y'ikigo gikora ubushakashatsi kuri iryo soko Euromonitor.

Iryo soko ryongerako riti: "Abagore n'ubu baracipodora, ariko kuba bagaragara 'uko baremwe' ntibisigura ko batacipodora cane - ni ugukoresha ibintu bituma umuntu abona ko afise urukoba atakiriko ariko akagumana akabiri keza.

Abahinga mu vy'ubuvuzi bavuga kandi y'uko ugusubira kwijukira kugaragara nk'uko baremwe bidasigura ko abagore bahevye gukoresha ibiterano vyo kwigira beza, vyaba ibisaba canke ibidasaba ko babagwa.

''Aho kwongereza gusa ubunini mu maso, ubu dushimikira ku buhinga bwo kuduza no gusubira guhagarika neza,'' ni ko muganga Hamilton avuga.

Ibiharuro vy'ishirahamwe ry'abaganga babaga ku vy'ubwiza no gushaza vyerekana ko abo baganga babaze agashika miriyoni 15,8 kw'isi yose mu 2023, hiyongeyeko 5,5% kuva mu 2022. Ibidasaba kubagwa na vyo vyaduza 2% muri ico kiringo nyene.