Ibishya muri siyanse: Urusobe rw’ubuzima ku isi rwaba rwaratangiye imyaka miliyari 1.5 mbere yuko byari bizwi

Itsinda ry’abahanga muri siyanse riravuga ko ryavumbuye ibihamya bishya bishimangira ingingo yuko urusobe rw’ubuzima ku isi rwatangiye imyaka miliyari 1.5 mbere ho uko abahanga babyemezaga.

Iryo tsinda, ryakoreye ubushakashatsi muri Gabon, rivuga ko ryabonye ibimenyetso imbere cyane mu mabuye, byerekana ubuzima bw’imyamaswa mu myaka miliyari 2.1 ishize.

Iyi ngingo nshya ni ikintu gikomeye gitandukanye n’ibisanzwe byemerwa, ariko abahanga muri siyanse bose ntibaremera ibi bishya.

Ubusanzwe, abahanga benshi bavuga ko ubuzima mu nyamaswa bwaba bwaratangiye mu myaka isaga miliyoni 635 ishize.

Ubwo bushakashatsi bwiyongereye ku mpaka ziriho niba koko ibi byabonetse mu mujyi wa Franceville muri Gabon ari ibisigaramatongo nyakuri (fossils) cyangwa se atari byo.

Abahanga muri siyanse basuzumye ibuye ryabonetseho ibyo bimenyetso ngo barebe niba ririho ibinyabutabire nka oxygen na phosphorus byaba ari byo byari bifatiyeho ubuzima.

Professor Ernest Chi Fru kuri Kaminuza ya Cardiff mu Bwongereza yakoranye n’iryo tsinda ry’abashakashatsi mpuzamahanga muri siyanse.

Yabwiye BBC News ko, niba iyi ngingo bagezeho ari ukuri, ishusho y’ubwo buzima yari nk’ururenda – akaremangingo kamwe kadafite ubwonko kavuyemo urubobi.

Ariko Professor Graham Shields wo kuri University College London, utari muri ubwo bushakashatsi, avuga ko abufiteho kwifata.

Ati: “Sindwanya ingingo y’uko mu myaka miliyari 2.1 hariho ibinyabutabire nka biriya, ariko ntabwo ndemera ko ibyo byari kuvamo urusobe rw’ubuzima”, avuga ko hakenewe ibindi bimenyetso ngo ibi byemezwe.

Prof Chi Fru we avuga ko aka kazi kabo kafashije kwemeza ibitekerezo ku nzira byaciyemo ngo ku isi habeho ubuzima.

Ati: “Turagira tuti, reba, aha hari ibisigaramatongo, hari umwuka wa oxygen, watumye haboneka urusobe rwa mbere rw’ibinyabuzima.

“Tubona nk’ibi no mu gihe cya Cambrian, mu myaka miliyoni 635 ishize – ibi birafasha gushimangira ibyo. Bidufasha kumva neza aho twese dukomoka.”

Ikimenyetso cya mbere ko urusobe rw’ubuzima rwaba rwaratangiye mbere cyane y’igihe abahanga bari basanzwe bazi, cyaje mu myaka 10 ishize ubwo bavumburaga ikintu bise ‘Francevillian formation’.

Prof Chi Fru na bagenzi be bavuze ko iyo ‘formation’ yari igizwe n’ibisigaragamatongo (fossils) byerekanaga ibimenyetso by’ubuzima bwashoboraga ‘kwinyagambura’ no kugenda ku bwabwo.

Ibyo byabonywe ntibyemewe n’abahanga bose muri siyanse.

Mu gushaka ibimenyetso birenzeho ku buvumbuzi bwabo, Prof Chi Fru n’itsinda rye basesenguye uduce duto cyane twavanywe kuri rya buye ryo muri Gabon.

Ibinyabutabire by’iri buye byerekanye ko hari ubuzima bwo ‘muri laboratoire’ bwaremwe mbere y’uko ya ‘formation’ iboneka.

Bemera ko igipimo kinini cy’imyuka ya oxygen na phosphorus yakozwe n’ibisate bibiri by’isi byasekuraniye hasi mu nyanja, bigatera ibikorwa nk’iby’ikirunga.

Uko gusekurana kwavanye igice kimwe cy’amazi mu nyanja, kurema “inyanja ngufi ku butaka, ikungahaye mu binyabutabire”.

Prof Chi Fru avuga ko imiterere ya hariya hantu muri Gabon yatumye haba ‘photosynthesis/ photosynthèse’, yagejeje ku ngano nyinshi ya oxygen mu mazi.

Ati: “Ibi byari gutanga imbaraga zihagije ngo byongere ingano n’imiterere by’urusobe rw’ubuzima nk’ubwabonetse mu bisigaramatongo byo muri icyo gihe.”

Gusa avuga ko imitererere yihariye y’aho hantu muri Gabon, yatumye hari ubwoko bw’ubuzima buzimira kuko hatari ibibutunga bihagije.

Elias Rugen umunyeshuri urimo gukora PhD kuri Natural History Museum, utari muri buriya bushakashatsi, yemeranya na bimwe mu byo bwagezeho, avuga ko biboneka neza ko ari “uruhererekane rwa carbon yo mu nyanja, nitrogen, iron na phosphorus byakoraga ikintu kitabayeho mbere icyo gihe mu mateka y’isi.”

Ati: “Nta kintu gihakana ko urusobe rw’ubuzima rutavutse ngo runakure mu myaka miliyari ebyiri ishize”, gusa yongeraho ko hakenewe ibindi bihamya bishimangira iyi ngingo.

Ibyabonywe na buriya bushakashatsi byatangajwe mu kinyamakuru cya siyanse Precambrian Research.