Yezu/Yesu yasa gute mu vy'ukuri? Ingene abahinga mu vy'akahise babivuga

Ku bakrisu benshi kw'isi iyi tariki ya 25 Kigarama ni umusi bahimbaza ukuvuka kwa Yezu/Yesu Kristu umugabo bivugwa ko yabayeho mu myaka irenga 2025 iheze. Ariko ingene isura yiwe yerekanwa muri iyi myaka ntibivugwako rumwe.

Umugabo w'umuzungu, afise ubwanwa bwinshi, w'imishatsi miremire yirabura bukebuke kandi afise amaso asa n'ubururu. Iyo ni ishusho ya Yezu/Yesu izwi cane, yemeranyijweko n'imico y'abanyaburaya uko ibinjana vyagiye birakurikirana, yaba mu tugenegene no mw'idini.

Naho ari ishusho isanzwe izwi kw'isi n'abakirisu imiriyaridi zibiri, ni ibintu bagiye barafatanganya ataho bihuriye n'ukuri.

Nk'uko abahinga babivuga, Yezu/Yesu azwi muri kahise yari afise umushatsi wirabura cane, akaba mutomuto kandi yari afise umushatsi mugufi umeze nk'uwo abandi Bayahudi bo mu gihe ciwe.

Ingorane yo kumenya ingene Yezu/Yesu yasa, iva ahubwo kw'ifatiro y'ukwemera kwa gikristu ubwaryo: Bibiriya, ikonganirizo ry'ibitabo vyeranda/bitagatifu nk'isezerano rishasha rivuga ku buzima bwa Yezu/Yesu- intango y'inyigisho ziwe - nta hantu na hamwe ivuga ingene yasa.

Joan E. Taylor, umuhingakazi w'ivya kahise w'umunya-Nouvelle-Zélande, ni umwanditsi w'igitabo citwa What Did Jesus Look Like? (twogereranya na Yezu/Yesu yasa gute?), akaba ari n'umwigisha muri kaminuza mu gisata ca Teworojiya n'ivyigwa vy'iyobokamana muri kaminuza ya King's College y'i London avuga ati: "Injiri ntizivuga ingene yasa. Si muremure, si mugufi, ntavyibushe, nta nguvu nyinshi afise. Ikintu kivugwa gusa ni imyaka yiwe yababa 30".

André Leonardo Chevitarese, umuhinga w'ivya kahise, akaba umwigisha mu muri kaminuza y'intara ya Rio de Janeiro (Université fédérale de Rio de Janeiro UFRJ), akaba kandi n'umwanditsi w'igitabo citwa Jesus Histórico - Uma Brevíssima Introdução (Yezu wo muri kahise - Ni nde mu ncamake), asigura ati: "Uko kutagira ibimenyetso ni ingorane ikomeye cane. Biragaragara ko intumwa za mbere za Yezu/Yesu zititaho izo nkuru. Icari kibaraje ishinga kwari ukuvuga inyigisho n'ibiyago vy'uyo mugabo aho kwita ku kungene yasa''.

Mu kiganiro yagiranye na BBC mu 2001, Richard Neave umwongereza w'umuhinga mu kugereranya ingene umuntu yoba yasa, yakoresheje ubuhinga yize kugira aronke ishusho ishobora gufatwa nk'iyo ukuri.

Uwo muhinga ari kumwe n'umurwi bakorana, barakoze igishushanyo c'ukungene yoba yasa hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwa 3D, hifashishijwe uduhanga 3 two mu kinjana ca mbere tw'abantu ba kera bahora baba mu karere Yezu/Yesu yoba yarabayemwo.

Ibikankara vy'Abayahudi bo muri ico gihe vyerekana ko bari bafise uburebure bwababa imetero 1,60 kandi ko igice kinini c'abo baba bafise ibiro 50. Ibara ry'umubiri ni ukugereranya gusa.

Taylor yarashitse ku ngingo zisa nk'izo ku bijanye n'ingene Yezu/Yesu yasa.

Asigura ati: "Abayahudi ba kirya gihe basa n'Abayahudi b'ubu bo muri Iraki. Ndibaza ko yari afise umushatsi uhakwa kwirabura, amaso yirabura n'urukoba rwirabura. Umugabo asanzwe wo mu buseruko bwo hagati".

Cícero Moraes, umuhinyanyuzi mu gucapa w'umunya-Brezil, akaba umuhinga mu gisata c'ubuganga cemewe n'amategeko mu bijanye no kugereranya uko umuntu yasa, yakoze mu makaminuza yo hanze, avuga ati : "Nta nkeka ko yari afise urukoba rwirabura, dushingiye kw'ibara ry'abantu bo muri kariya karere na cane cane twihweje ukuntu abantu baba mu bugaragwa bateye, abantu baba ahantu haka izuba ryinshi cane".

Moraes aramaze gukora ibishushanyo vy'aberanda/abatagatifu 11 b'abagatorika kandi yaranakoze ishusho ya Yezu Kristu mu buhinga (image scientifique).

Pedro Lima Vasconcellos, umuhinga muri Teworojiya, akaba umwigisha muri kaminuza ya Reta ya Alagoas, akaba n'umwanditsi w'igitabo citwa The da Vinci Code and Christianity in the First Centuries ( kode ya da Vinci n'ubukristu bwo mu binjana vya mbere), avuga ati: "Uburyo bwiza bwo kwibaza ingene Yezu/Yesu yasa ni ukwitegereza ubuzima bw'umuntu aba mu bugaragwa yama ariko arimuka ava mu karere kamwe aja mu kandi, inzererezi yama iriko irimuka yo mu duce twakiwe n'uruzuba".

Ikindi kibazo ciza ni ico imishatsi. Mw'ikete yandikiye abo i Korinto, Pawulo yandika ati "ni ibiterasoni ko umugabo agira imishatsi miremire".

Ivyo vyerekana ko Yesu ubwiwe atari afise imishatsi miremire, nk'uko bivugwa kenshi.

Joan E. Taylor, umuhingakazi mu bijanye n'akahise asigura ati: " Mu mico y'ikiromani, inyifato yemewe ku mugabo yari ukugira ubwanwa bwinshi n'imishatsi migufi. Umufirozofe wo muri kahise ka kera cane (philosophe antique) yaba afise imishatsi migufi kandi kumbure ntiyamwa ubwanwa".

Nk'uko bivugwa na Chevitarese, ibishusho vya mbere bizwi vya Yezu wo mu kinjana ca 3, bimwerekana nk'umugabo akiri muto w'imishatsi migufi adafise ubwanwa.

Avuga ashimitse ati: "Vyerekana neza ishusho ry'umufirozofe akiri muto, umwigisha, aho kwerekana ishusho y'ikimana c'ubwanwa bwinshi".

Wilma Steagall De Tommaso, umushakashatsi, akaba umwigisha muri kaminuza ya São Paulo yitiriwe Université catholique pontificale de São Paulo no mu kigo ndangamico ceranda ca São Paulo (Musée d'art sacré de São Paulo) akaba ari mu murwi wo muri Brezil wa Teworojiya n'inyigisho ndoramana (membre de la Société brésilienne de théologie et de sciences religieuses) asigura ati :" Mu bijanye n'ibishusho vyeranda vyo muri kahise ka hafi, Kristu aboneka mu mashusho menshi: afise ubwanwa bwinshi, nk'umufirozofe canke nk'umwigisha; canke nk'uwudafise ubwanwa; afise mu maso hasukuye, yambaye umutamana canke ikanzu; afise mu maso hasa nk'aho ikimana c'izuba canke umwungere yicisha bugufi".

Ibishusho

Joan agereranya ko ibishusho vyagiye birabaho uko imyaka yagiye ikurikirana vyamye birondera kwerekana ishusho ya Kristu, ni ukuvuga ishusho y'Imana, umwana w'Imana- atari Yezu/Yesu w'umuntu.

Asigura ati: "Ni ingingo yamye indaje ishinga. Narifuje kubona Yezu/Yesu neza".

Ishusho ya Yezu/Yesu afise ubwanwa bwinshi n'imishatsi miremire yaje mu kinjana kiri hagati y'ica 5 n'ica 15 (Moyen Âge), ku ngoma y'Abaromani. Umwigisha Chevitarese asigura ko muri ico gihe batanguye kwerekana ishusho rya Kristu nk'ikiremwa kitaneshwa, mu buryo bw'umubiri giteye nk'abami n'abami b'abami b'ico gihe.

Francisco Borba Ribeiro Neto, umuhinga mu vy'imibano (Sociologue/Sociologist), akaba n'umuhuzabikorwa mu kigo c'ukwizera n'imico ca kaminuza gatorika ya São Paulo citiriwe Centre de la foi et de la culture de l'Université catholique pontificale de São Paulo (PUC-SP) asigura ati: "Muri kahise, ibishusho vya Yezu/Yesu n'uko yasa ntivyakunze kwerekana ishusho y'umuntu nyawe yaba muri Palestine mu ntango y'ukwemera kwa gikristu.

Mu masengero gatorika yo mu buseruko, igishusho ca Kristu gitegerezwa gukurikiza urukurikirane rw'amabwirizwa kugira ngo iyo shusho itange iyindi nsiguro y'ukubaho kwa Kristu.

Akarorero, uruhanga ruri hejuru, rufise iminkanyari iri ahanini hagati y'amaso, vyerekana ubwitonzi n'ubushobozi bwo kuraba kure y'iyi si tubayemwo; mu mashusho ari kumwe n'abantu benshi, aboneka ari muremure, vyerekana ko ava mu bantu basanzwe; no ku musaraba, aboneka ari muzima kandi ari mu cubahiro, vyerekana izuka ryiwe".

Amasengero yo mu burengero ntiyashinze amategeko nk'ayo, ahubwo abahinyanyuzi berekana ishusho ya Yesu uko bavyishakiye uko imyaka yagiye irakurikirana.

Ribeiro Neto ashimangira avuga ati: "Irashobora kuba ishusho y'umugabo yitonda, ahorana igishika, nk'uko biboneka mu bishusho birimwo amatara biza birahinduka bivanye n'aho ubirabiye (images baroques), canke Kristu ababazwa kandi yicwa ahorwa Imana, nko mu bishusho vya Caravage na Goya".

Uyu muhinga mu gisata c'imibano abandanya avuga ati: "Ingorane y'igishusho c'ukuri c'umuntu yabayeho muri kahise ni ikibazo co mu gihe cacu, aho gushikiriza ivyiyumviro vyubaka vyerekanye ubusumbasumbane butandukanye mu bijanye n'akaranga bufitanye isano n'ibishusho bihinyanyuye".

"Kuri uru rwego, ingorane si ukugira Kristu w'inzobe afise amaso y'ubururu. Ni ukubera dufise abemera b'abirabure canke abadimudimu, canke nk'abo mu bwoko bw'aba-caboclo, biyumvira ko ishusho y'Imana itegerezwa gusa n'abazungu kubera ari bo bari 'kw'isonga' ku bijanye n'imibereho.

Nk'uko umuhinga mu vy'akahise Chevitarese abivuga, iri tandukaniro rya Yezu "w'umuzungu" n'abemera bashasha baturuka mu bihugu vya kure ryagabanijwe n'ubushakashatsi ku bijanye n'ukurondera igishusho gishusha nawe cane, "Yezu w'ubwoko runaka".

"Ibishusho vya Yezu i Macao, yahoze iri mu bukoroni bw'abanya-Portugal mu Bushinwa, imwerekana afise amaso asa n'ayagenda inyuma, yambaye impuzu z'Abashinwa. Muri Etiyopiya, bavuga Yezu w'umwirabure ".

Muri Brésil, igishusho ca Yezu/Yesu "w'umunyaburaya" ubu kibana n'ibindi bishusho vya Kristu ashusha n'abayoboke biwe, nk'uko bigaragara mu bishusho vya Claudio Pastro (1948-2016), afatwa nk'umuhinyanyuzi rurangiranwa kuva kuri Aleijadinho. Niwe yari ashinzwe ibicapo vyo mu mbaho, ivyo mu biyo n'ibicapishije amarangi mu kigo c'igihugu ca Aparecida, Pastro yamye acapa Kristu afise mu maso hashusha nk'aho abantu bazwi cane muri Brezil.

Francisco Catão, umuhinga mu vya Teworojiya, akaba n'umwanditsi w'igitabo citwa Catéchisme et catéchèse, yemeza ko uko Yezu/Yesu yasa ataco bitwaye abanyedini.

Avuga ati : "Nta wigeze ambaza na rimwe ibijanye n'uko Yezu/Yesu yasa. Mu vy'ukuri, uko Yezu/Yesu yasa ku mubiri nta kamaro bifise nk'ako urumuri rwahinduye ishusho n'ibikorwa vyiwe vyakayangana ikigongwe c'Imana, ishusho ya Mutima Mweranda yaba muri we wese. Ishusho izwi neza mu mitima y'abamwemera".

*Iyi nkuru yasohotse ubwa mbere kwu wa 21 z'ukwa gatatu mu 2018