U Rwanda na RD Congo bageze ku masezerano y'amahoro 'yanditse amateka' yayobowe n'Amerika
Ahavuye isanamu, Getty Images
- Umwanditsi, Didier Bikorimana
- Igikorwa, BBC Gahuzamiryango
U Rwanda na Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo bashyize umukono ku masezerano y'amahoro "yanditse amateka", agamije kurangiza intambara imaze imyaka igera hafi kuri 30 mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, bukungahaye ku mabuye y'agaciro.
Harimo n'intambara yatangiye mu mpera y'umwaka wa 2021 hagati y'umutwe w'inyeshyamba wa M23 n'ingabo z'icyo gihugu.
Aya masezerano yayobowe n'Amerika, yari amaze igihe kirekire ategerejwe, yashyizweho umukono ku wa gatanu i Washington hagati ya Minisitiri w'ububanyi n'amahanga w'u Rwanda Olivier Nduhungirehe n'uwa DRC Thérèse Kayikwamba.
Inyandiko ikubiyemo aya masezerano ivuga ko ahita atangira kubahirizwa.
Perezida w'Amerika Donald Trump yavuze ko "Uyu munsi, urugomo no gusenya birarangiye, n'akarere kose gatangiye icyiciro gishya cy'icyizere".
Minisitiri w'ububanyi n'amahanga w'Amerika Marco Rubio, wahagarariye gushyira umukono kuri aya masezerano, yavuze ko uyu ari "umunsi wanditse amateka kandi w'ingenzi", ashima "igihagararo no kugira ijambo kw'Amerika mu guhuza abantu".
Minisitiri Nduhungirehe na Minisitiri Kayikwamba bashimye uruhare rutaziguye rwa Perezida Trump mu gutuma aya masezerano agerwaho.
Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika (AU), wari uhagarariwe mu isinywa ry'aya masezerano, wavuze ko ari "intambwe ikomeye" itewe, ushima "ibikorwa byose bigamije kugeza ku mahoro, umutekano n'ubwiyunge mu karere".
Joseph Kabila, wategetse DRC imyaka 18 guhera mu 2001, yanenze aya masezerano yise "ikinamico ya dipolomasi", avuga ko "RDC ntiyigeze na rimwe iba mu ntambara n'igihugu na kimwe mu byahagarariwe" mu isinywa ry'aya masezerano.
Yavuze ko ibyashyizweho umukono "si ikindi kitari amasezerano y'ubucuruzi".
Kinshasa ishinja Kabila ubugambanyi no gufasha inyeshyamba za M23 afatanyije n'u Rwanda. ONU n'ibihugu byinshi byo mu burengerazuba bw'isi na bo bashinja u Rwanda gutoza, guha abasirikare n'ibikoresho umutwe wa M23, wafashe ibice byinshi mu burasirazuba bwa DRC, birimo n'imijyi ya Goma na Bukavu. U Rwanda rurabihakana.
Sena ya DRC iherutse kwambura Kabila ubudahangarwa kugira ngo ashobore gukurikiranwa n'ubucamanza nubwo bidasobanutse uko ibyo byashoboka kuri ubu kuko mu kwezi gushize yasubiye mu gihugu – yari yaravuyemo ku bushake mu mpera ya 2023 – ariko ajya mu gice kigenzurwa na M23.
Mu kwezi gushize, Profeseri Jason Stearns, Umunyamerika wigisha siyansi ya politike kuri Kaminuza ya 'Simon Fraser University' muri Canada, yari yabwiye BBC Gahuzamiryango ko ejo hazaza h'intambara yo mu burasirazuba bwa DRC hazagenwa n'ibizava mu biganiro hagati y'u Rwanda na DRC.
Yavuze ko mu gihe amasezerano y'amahoro yagerwaho, Kabila ashobora kubonwa nk'uwabaze nabi muri politike mu kujya mu gice kigenzurwa na M23.
Profeseri Stearns yagize ati: "Niba ibyo biganiro binaniranye, amasezerano ntagerweho, ntekereza ko kuhagera kwa Kabila kwaba ingenzi ndetse kwaba mu bigize amakuba y'igihe kirekire."
"Ariko niba Amerika igeze kuri gahunda yayo yo gutuma urebye igisirikare cy'u Rwanda na M23 basubira inyuma, icyemezo cye gishobora kubonwa nk'ikosa kuko ahageze mu gihe leta y'Amerika irimo kugerageza gushaka umuti urambye w'aya makuba ndetse niba RDF [ingabo z'u Rwanda] ivuyeyo, ubwo Kabila azatakaza imbaraga nyinshi."
Ni ibiki biri muri aya masezerano?
Ni amasezerano akubiye mu ngingo nkuru icyenda ari zo:
- Kutavogera ubusugire bwa DRC n'ubw'u Rwanda no kubuza imirwano;
- Guhagarika/kuvana (ingabo) mu bikorwa, kwamburwa intwaro, kwakira abarwanyi mu ngabo na polisi bya DRC gushobora kubaho kuzabanza kugira ibisabwa;
- Gushyiraho uburyo buhuriweho bw'ubugenzuzi bw'umutekano hagamijwe kurandura umutwe w'inyeshyamba wa FDLR urwanya ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda no guhagarika ubufasha bwose bwa leta kuri uwo mutwe n'indi mitwe ifitanye isano na wo;
- Gucyura impunzi, no gusubiza mu byabo abahungiye imbere mu gihugu no korohereza imiryango itabara imbabare mu bikorwa byayo bihagarikiwe na leta ya DRC;
- Gushyigikira ibikorwa by'ubutumwa bwa MONUSCO, harimo no kwiyemeza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'umwanzuro 2773 w'Akanama k'Umutekano ka ONU (unarimo ko u Rwanda rugomba gukura ingabo zarwo ku butaka bwa DRC no kureka gufasha M23 ako kanya nta mananiza, na M23 igahagarika imirwano ikava no mu bice yafashe);
- Gahunda y'ubuhahirane mu bukungu irimo no gukorera mu mucyo kurushaho ku bijyanye n'amabuye y'agaciro;
- Ishyirwaho ry'akanama k'ubugenzuzi bw'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amasezerano no gucyemura ibibazo bishobora kuvuka, kagizwe n'umuhuza wa AU, Qatar n'Amerika;
- Ibiteganywa bya nyuma, birimo nko kuba aya masezerano azakomeza kugeza igihe kitazwi ndetse ko ashobora guseswa n'uruhande rumwe muri izi zombi (u Rwanda na DRC) rubanje kubimenyesha urundi mbere y'amezi atandatu;
- No kuba aya masezerano atangira kubahirizwa ako kanya akimara gushyirwaho umukono.
Ahavuye isanamu, AFP via Getty Images
Impande zombi ziyemeje gushyigikira ibiganiro bikomeje hagati y'ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa n'umutwe wa AFC/M23 biyobowe na leta ya Qatar hamwe n'"ibikorwa byo kwambura intwaro no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe imitwe yitwaje intwaro itari iya leta".
Minisitiri Rubio yavuze ko kurangiza intambara bidasobanuye amahoro gusa no kurengera ubuzima, ko ahubwo ari no "gutuma abantu babaho, gutuma abantu ubu bagira inzozi n'icyizere cy'ubuzima bwiza kurushaho no kugira uburumbuke [mu bukungu], amahirwe mu bukungu, no gutuma imiryango yongera guhura..."
Ati: "Ibyo bintu biba bidashoboka iyo hari intambara n'amakimbirane", yongeraho ati: "Haracyari byinshi byo gukora". Yanavuze ko Amerika ishaka gukorana ubucuruzi n'aba bafatanyabikorwa bayo.
Minisitiri Nduhungirehe na we yavuze ko aya ari "amasezerano yanditse amateka", avuga ko hakiri "ugushidikanya kwinshi mu karere kacu n'ahandi kuko hari amasezerano menshi yabanje ntashyirwe mu bikorwa" ndetse "inzira iri imbere ntizoroha".
Yongeyeho ati: "Ariko hamwe n'ubufasha bukomeje bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe [z'Amerika] n'abandi bafatanyabikorwa, twemeza ko impinduka ikomeye yagezweho.
"U Rwanda rwiteguye gukorana na DRC mu kugera ku byo twiyemeje duhuriyeho."
Minisitiri Kayikwamba yavuze ko aya masezerano afunguye "icyiciro gishya, kidasaba gusa ibyo twiyemeje, ahubwo [gisaba] n'ubutwari bwo kubisohoza".
Ati: "Abababaye cyane [kubera intambara] kurusha abandi barimo kutureba. Biteze ko aya masezerano yubahirizwa kandi ntidushobora kubatenguha."
Yasubiyemo ubutumwa abagore bo mu burasirazuba bw'igihugu baherutse kumugezaho, bakamusaba ko aya atagomba kuba amahoro y'abakomeye, ko ahubwo agomba kuba amahoro nyayo kandi agera kuri bose.
Nyuma Perezida Trump yashyize umukono ku mabaruwa atumira Perezida w'u Rwanda Paul Kagame na Perezida wa DRC Félix Tshisekedi mu nama yo kurangiza isinywa ry'aya masezerano, yitezwe kubera i Washington mu kwezi gutaha.
