'Ikori ry'umwirabure' - Kuki Abanyafrika bakiri bato bamwe bamwe bashaka guhagarika kurungika amafaranga iwabo?

''Kurungika amafaranga iwanyu canke uyarungikira izindi ncuti ni ikintu gisanzwe cane ku banya-Afrika nanka n'umutima wanje wose,'' vyavuzwe na Elsa Majimbo mu kwezi guheze mu butumwa yacishije kuri TikTok, ariko mu nyuma bukavanwako bumaze gutera impari z'uburakari ku mbuga hwaniro.

Elsa Majimbo n'umunya-Kenya akurikirwa na benshi [influencer] ku mbuga hwaniro.

Uwo mukobwa w'imyaka 23, yabaye rurangiranwa mu bihe vya covid kubera video ziwe zo gutwenza, yakoze ahababaza benshi igihe yatanguza impari n'abantu miriyoni 1,8 bamukurikira ku kizwi nk''ikori ry'umwirabure''.

Aho ni igihe Abanya-Afrika bagize ico bashikako, mu gihugu iwabo canke mu mahanga, basanga bategerezwa gufata mu mugongo abo mu muryango ataco baba birengeje.

Gutanga - na cane cane iyo nawe hari abaguhaye - biri mu bigize kamere k'ubuntu k'abanya-Afrika, vyerekana akamaro k'umuryango n'ikibano, aho kuba sa-tuntu-twanje.

Ikibazo kuri benshi ni kuba vyoba ari ibintu bidakenewe canke bitakirwa neza canke ko vyoba biri mu vyo umuntu ategerezwa gukora kugira azamure abandi.

Ariko Majimbo, ubu aba muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, yongeye kugaruka kwiyamiriza iyo ngendo.

Muri iyo video, yari yavuze ko se yari yarafashije abantu bo mu muryango imyaka n'iyindi none ubu nawe bamuhanze amaso ngo abafashe. Yasutse ishamu cane cane kuri umwe mu ncuti atavuzwe izina.

"Wahora usaba amafaranga data kuva ntaravuka. Hanyuma ndavuka, ndakura, none ubu uriko uransaba amafaranga - wa kinebwe we. Jewe sinemeye ako kamenyero kawe." Niko yamubwiye.

Mu gihe bamwe bavyemeye, abandi baranebaguye uko uwo mukobwa abona ibintu.

Ntibizwi igituma iyo video yavanywe kuri TikTok kandi abajejwe gutunganya imirimo ya Majimbo ntaco bishuye BBC igihe yabasaba kugira ico bavuze.

Ariko kuri benshi, utaravye ico umwe umwe wese ashobora kuba yibaza ku giti ciwe, ntibishoboka kureka gufasha incuti kubera ukwiyumva mu bo ibanyu n'aho warerewe.

Biratanga kwumva ko hari ico umaze mu gufasha kwitaho umuryango n'aho rimwe na rimwe ushobora kurengerwa.

Umugore wo muri Zimbabwe yahoze ari umwigisha ubu afise imyaka 50, yasavye ko izina ryiwe ritomenyekana, yabwiye BBC ko mu myaka 30 iheze umushahara wiwe wa mbere hafi wose w'ama dorari 380 y'ama-Zimbabwe wose yawuhereje ku bo bavukana cenda.

"Mpejeje kugura impuzu z'ishure (uniformes), impuzu n'utwa nkenerwa two mu nzu, nasigaranye $20," niko yabwiye BBC n'ijwi ryumvikana ko ririmwo kurambirwa.

N'ubwo vyatumye aca ategerezwa kugura ivyo kurya kw'ideni, yavuze ko nk'umwana w'imfura vyari vyitezwe ko atanga amafaranga amaze gutangura guhembwa.

Umushahara wiwe ntiwari rwiwe gusa, wari uwo umuryango.

Amaze kurongorwa, ibimuronderako amafaranga vyaciye biba vyinshi gusumba.

Igihe kimwe, vyabaye ngombwa ko afata ideni kugira arihe amafaranga y'ishure ya muramuwe (umuhungu avukana n'umugabo wiwe) inyuma y'aho yibiwe (bamukoze mu mufuko) ariko arayajana muri banki. Yamaze imyaka ibiri ariko arariha iryo deni.

Sandra Ajaho, w'imyaka 28, akora akazi ko gutunganya imishatsi muri Uganda, arakenguruka ingene incuti zafashije umuryango wiwe igihe yari agikura.

Ajalo n'abo bavukana batatu barezwe na nyina wabo wenyene hanyuma incuti ziramufasha mu bitari bike, harimwo kuriha amafaranga y'ishure, ivyo kurya mbere n'amafaranga yo kwivuza.

"Si umutwaro, ni ugufashanya," niko yabwiye BBC.

Ariko amaze kubona video ya Majimbo yaciye atahura aho uwo rurangiranwa ku mbuga hwaniro akomoka, na cane cane ko uwo munya-Uganda nawe ubu yari ageze aho ashobora gufasha abo mu muryango.

"Birashobora kukurengera, birashobora kukubabaza, ariko turabikeneye. Nta muntu ari agati kirebanga. Dutegerezwa gufashanya mu buryo bwose dushoboye."

Dr Chipo Dendere, umwigisha w'umwunganizi mu vyigwa vya Afrika kuri kaminuza ya Wellesley College muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, avuga ko kuba hakiri "ikori ry'umwirabure" bifise imizi mu bukoroni.

Intwaro y'agacinyizo yo gukoraniriza uburyo mu minwe y'akagwi k'abakoroni gusa yatumye bidashoboka ko abanyagihugu baronka ivyo bakuramwo amikoro.

Ivyo vyatumye "imiryango myinshi y'abirabure itaronka itunga igenda irasigira abana n'abuzukuru," niko Dendere avuga.

Akenshi, aho ibihugu bimariye kuronka intahe zo kwikukira, aho gukosorwa, ubwo busumbasumbane bwarabandanije.

Dr Dendere avuga ko gutanga "ikori ry'umwirabure" rimwe na rimwe bicika "inzinguzingu idahera" kuko kenshi amafaranga arungikiwe umuryango azibira ikinogo akanya gato mu nyuma gisubira kikasama.

Ikindi c'ugufatairako ni uko, bitandukanye no mu bihugu bikize gusumba, vyinshi mu bihugu vya Afrika ntibishibora kurihira abantu amafaranga yo kwivuza uretse nyene ivy'ibanze, gutanga amafaranga afadika y'abari mu kiruhuko c'iza canke amafaranga y'amashure. Akenshi rero bica bija ku gatwe k'abifise kurusha abandi mu muryango, nk'uko Dr Dendere avuga.

Avuga ati: "Nta mafaranga y'izabukuru reta itanga - nitwe dutunze abari mu za bukuru. Imiryango niyo ikora ivyokozwe na reta.

"Dutanga kubera ubuntu. Umwe wese ategerezwa kwitaho uwundi".

Mu 2023, amafaranga abanya-Afrika baba hanze barungitse yashitse miriyaridi 95 z'ama dorari, ku bw'ikigega mpuzamakungu c'uburimyi, ayo akaba ahakwa kungana n'ubutunzi bwa Kenya.

Ku banya-Afrika baba hanze, uwo mutwaro urashobora kuba munini gusumba kuko abantu baba biteze vyinshi gusumba kubera kwishiramwo ko abari mu mahanga baronka amafaranga menshi.

Gabe Mutseyekwa, ni umunya-Zimbabwe w'imyaka 35 amaze imyaka itanu aba mu Budagi. Yarariye umutima amenyo arabwira abo mu muryango wiwe ko agiye guhagarika kubarungukira amafaranga buri kwezi kuko vyamubuza kuziganiriza kazoza kiwe.

Umuryango wiwe ntiwavyakiriye neza - ariko amaherezo barabitahuye.

"Barabonye ko ndi umwe kandi nanje nkeneye kugira ico nimariye," niko yavuze.

Hari igihe yarungitse ama dorari ($) 2,200 (miriyoni zirenga 6 mu mafaranga y'Uburundi ku rugero rwo muri banki) ku kibazo cihuta mu muryango igihe yari akiri umunyeshure akora ubuzi bw'ibiraka gusa.

"N'ukuja hagati na hagati mu kwubahiriza izo nshingano no kuraba nawe ko bitaguhungabanya mu butunzi bwawe," niko yabwiye BBC.

Abantu benshi bo mu muryango barashobora kwumva ko umenga barafise ico betegerezwa kuronka ku mafarahnga yawe cane cane iyo uwo muntu atunze.

Ivyo vyarigeze gushavuza cane umukinyi w'umupira w'amaguru w'umunya-Nigeria Mikel John Obi.

Mu mwaka uheze yaravuze ivyerekeye "ikori ry'umwirabure" igihe yavugira mu kiganiro Rio Ferdinand Presents podcast.

"Iyo uva muri Afrika, ukaba uca amafaranga, si amafaranga yawe. Si amafaranga yawe wenyene. Ufise abo bose bo mu muryango: bene sowanyu, bavyarawe, uko wovyita kwose," niko yavuze.

Yavuze ko incuti zaguma zivyara abana benshi ziteze ko azobafasha.

Mu gihe atari bose bahuriza kuri ico kibazo na Elsa Majimbo, biraboneka ko yakoze ahababaza, na cane cane mu bakiri bato.

Ariko Dr Dendere avuga ko niba Afrika idateye imbere vy'ukuri, "ikori ry'umwirabure rizokwamaho".

Iyi nkuru yaraterewe kandi na Tony Vinyoh