Abakorerabushake bari gupfa mu gihe umubare w'abasirikare b'Uburusiya bapfira mu ntambara ugeze ku 70,000

Abantu barenga 70,000 barwanaga mu gisirikare cy'Uburusiya ni bo bamaze gupfira muri Ukraine kugeza ubu, nkuko bikubiye mu mibare n'amakuru byasesenguwe na BBC.

Ndetse ku nshuro ya mbere, abakorerabushake – ni ukuvuga abasivile binjiye mu ngabo nyuma yuko intambara itangiye – ubu ni bo bagize umubare munini cyane w'abantu biciwe ku rugamba kuva Uburusiya bugabye igitero gisesuye kuri Ukraine cyatangiye muri Gashyantare (2) mu mwaka wa 2022.

Buri munsi, amazina y'abiciwe muri Ukraine, ubutumwa bwo gutangaza impfu zabo ndetse n'amafoto yo mu mihango yo kubashyingura, bitangazwa mu Burusiya mu bitangazamakuru no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.

Ishami rya BBC ritangaza amakuru mu rurimi rw'Ikirusiya, n'urubuga rw'amakuru rwigenga, Mediazona, bakusanyije ayo mazina, n'amazina yavuye ahandi yatangajwe ku mugaragaro, harimo no muri raporo za leta.

Twagenzuye ko ayo makuru yatangajwe n'abategetsi cyangwa benewabo b'abapfuye – ndetse tugenzura ko bamenyekanye ko bapfiriye mu ntambara.

Imva nshya mu marimbi na zo zafashije gutanga amazina y'abasirikare biciwe muri Ukraine – akenshi izi mva ziba ziriho amabendera n'indabo byoherejwe na minisiteri y'ingabo.

Twamenye amazina 70,112 y'abasirikare b'Uburusiya biciwe muri Ukraine, ariko umubare nyawo byemezwa ko ari munini cyane kuruta uwo. Imiryango imwe ntitangaza ku mugaragaro amakuru y'abayo bapfuye – ndetse isesengura ryacu ntiririmo amazina tutashoboye kugenzura, cyangwa impfu z'abo mu mitwe y'abarwanyi bashyigikiye Uburusiya bo muri Donetsk na Luhansk higaruriwe n'Uburusiya mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine.

Muri bo, abakorerabushake ni 13,781 – ni ukuvuga abangana hafi na 20% – ndetse ubu impfu mu bakorerabushake ziruta izo mu bindi byiciro.

Abahoze ari imfungwa, binjiye mu gisirikare basezeranywa ko bazababarirwa ibyaha byabo, mbere ni bo bari benshi cyane mu bapfuye ariko ubu bagera kuri 19% by'impfu zose zemejwe. Abasirikare babikanguriwe – ni ukuvuga abari abaturage basanzwe bakanguriwe kurwana – bapfuye, bangana na 13%.

Kuva mu Kwakira (10) mu mwaka ushize, imibare y'abakorerabushake bapfa buri cyumweru ntiyigeze ijya munsi y'abantu 100 – ndetse, mu byumweru bimwe na bimwe, twagenzuye impfu zirenga 310 z'abakorerabushake bapfuye buri cyumweru.

Ku bijyanye na Ukraine, ni gacye cyane ivuga ku ngano y'abo yapfushije ku rugamba. Muri Gashyantare uyu mwaka, Perezida wa Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky yavuze ko abasirikare 31,000 b'icyo gihugu bamaze kwicwa, ariko amagereranya ashingiye ku makuru y'ubutasi bw'Amerika yumvikanisha ko abasirikare bayo bamaze gupfa barenze uwo mubare kure cyane.

Inkuru ya Rinat Khusniyarov ni urugero rusange ku bakorerabushake benshi b'abasirikare bapfuye. Yakomokaga mu mujyi wa Ufa, umurwa mukuru wa repubulika ya Bashkortostan, imwe mu zigize Uburusiya, ndetse yakoraga imirimo ibiri kugira ngo abeho.

Yakoraga mu bubiko bw'ibinyabiziga bizwi nka 'tram' no mu ruganda rw'imbaho z'ibiti.

Yari afite imyaka 62 ubwo yashyiraga umukono kuri kontaro y'ingabo z'Uburusiya mu Gushyingo (11) mu mwaka ushize.

Yarokotse mu gihe kitageze ku mezi atatu y'imirwano, aza kwicwa ku itariki ya 27 Gashyantare uyu mwaka.

Itangazo ry'urupfu rwe, ryasohotse ku rubuga rwa internet rwo mu Burusiya rutangaza abapfuye, ryavuze gusa ko yari "umugabo ukora cyane, w'inyangamugayo".

Nkuko bikubiye mu mibare n'amakuru twasesenguye, benshi mu bagabo binjira mu gisirikare ni abava mu mijyi mitoya yo mu bice by'Uburusiya aho bigoye kubona akazi gahoraho kandi gahemba neza.

Benshi bigaragara ko binjiye mu gisirikare ku bushake, nubwo bamwe bo muri repubulika ya Chechnya babwiye impirimbanyi ziharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu hamwe n'abanyamategeko, ko bashyizweho agahato ndetse bashyirwa ku nkeke kugira ngo binjire mu gisirikare.

Abakorerabushake bamwe bavuze ko batari basobanukiwe ko kontaro z'akazi bari barimo gushyiraho umukono nta tariki y'igihe akazi kazarangirira zari zifite. Kuva icyo gihe biyambaje abanyamakuru babogamiye ku butegetsi bw'Uburusiya babasaba kubafasha ngo bahagarike (barangize) akazi kabo, ariko ntibirabashobokera kukavamo.

Imishahara yo mu gisirikare ishobora gukuba inshuro ziri hagati y'eshanu na zirindwi imishahara isanzwe yo mu bice bidakize cyane by'Uburusiya. Ikindi, abasirikare babona akarusho mu mibereho, nko kwita ku bana ndetse leta ibagabanyiriza imisoro. Hari n'amafaranga abantu bahabwa inshuro imwe iyo binjiye mu gisirikare, yakomeje kugenda yiyongera mu bice byinshi by'Uburusiya.

Benshi mu bakorerabushake bapfira ku rugamba bafite hagati y'imyaka 42 na 50. Abo muri icyo cyiciro cy'imyaka ni abagabo 4,100 ku rutonde rwacu rw'abakorerabushake barenga 13,000.

Umukorerabushake ushaje cyane wishwe yari afite imyaka 71 – abakorerabushake bose hamwe 250 bafite hejuru y'imyaka 60 bapfiriye mu ntambara.

Abasirikare babwiye BBC ko umubare urimo kwiyongera w'abakorerabushake bapfa n'abakomereka, ku ruhande rumwe uterwa no kubohereza mu duce tugoye kurwaniramo two ku murongo w'imbere w'urugamba, cyane cyane mu karere ka Donetsk mu burasirazuba, aho baba bagize igice cy'ingenzi cy'abasirikare b'inyunganizi boherezwa mu mitwe y'ingabo iba yishwemo abasirikare benshi, nkuko abasirikare b'Uburusiya babibwiye BBC.

Rimwe na rimwe, abasirikare babarirwa mu magana bishwe mu munsi umwe.

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2022, imfungwa zakatiwe na zo zashishikarijwe kujya mu gisirikare kugira ngo zirekurwe.

Ariko gahunda nshya ya leta isobanuye ko abantu baba bashobora gukurikiranwa mu nkiko, bashobora kwemera amasezerano yo kujya mu ntambara aho kugira ngo baburanishwe mu rukiko. Igihe babyemeye, imanza zabo zirahagarikwa ndetse zikaba zishobora no kurekwa burundu.

Umubare muto w'abakorerabushake bishwe bari abo mu bindi bihugu. Twamenye amazina y'abasirikare 272 nk'abo, benshi muri bo bakomokaga muri Aziya yo hagati – barimo 47 bo muri Uzbekistan, 51 bo muri Tajikistan, na 26 bo muri Kyrgyzstan.

Mu mwaka ushize, amakuru yavuze ko Uburusiya bwari burimo kwinjiza abantu mu gisirikare muri Cuba, Irake (Iraq), Yemen na Serbia.

Abanyamahanga basanzwe baba mu Burusiya badafite ibyangombwa by'akazi cyangwa uruhushya ('visa') rwo kuhaba, bemera "gukorera leta [igihugu]", basezeranywa ko batazasubizwa mu bihugu byabo ndetse bahabwa uburyo (inzira) bworoshye bwo kugera ku kubona ubwenegihugu bw'Uburusiya iyo barokotse intambara.

Nyuma yaho benshi binubiye ko batari basobanukiwe ibijyanye n'amasezerano y'akazi – ndetse, nkuko byagenze ku Barusiya, na bo biyambaje itangazamakuru ngo ribafashe (ribavuganire).

Leta y'Ubuhinde na leta ya Nepal zasabye Uburusiya kureka kohereza abaturage b'ibyo bihugu muri Ukraine no gucyura iwabo imirambo y'abapfuye. Kugeza ubu, ubwo busabe nta cyo burakorwaho.