CasesSumming up the cases

In order to be able to write accurately in German, it’s important to recognise and understand the four different cases: nominative, accusative, dative and genitive.

Part ofGermanGrammar (for exams until 2025)

Summing up the cases

Here's a reminder of how the articles change in the different cases.

Definite article

Nom.Acc.Gen.Dat.
Masculinederdendesdem
Femininediediederder
Neuterdasdasdesdem
Pluraldiediederden
Masculine
Nom.der
Acc.den
Gen.des
Dat.dem
Feminine
Nom.die
Acc.die
Gen.der
Dat.der
Neuter
Nom.das
Acc.das
Gen.des
Dat.dem
Plural
Nom.die
Acc.die
Gen.der
Dat.den

Indefinite article

Nom.Acc.Gen.Dat.
Masculineeineineneineseinem
Feminineeineeineeinereiner
Neutereineineineseinem
Pluralkeinekeinekeinerkeinen
Masculine
Nom.ein
Acc.einen
Gen.eines
Dat.einem
Feminine
Nom.eine
Acc.eine
Gen.einer
Dat.einer
Neuter
Nom.ein
Acc.ein
Gen.eines
Dat.einem
Plural
Nom.keine
Acc.keine
Gen.keiner
Dat.keinen

Possessive pronouns like mein, dein, sein, ihr, unser, euer, ihr and also alle, beide are in the same way as (follow the same pattern as) the indefinite article.

Hilfsvokabeln– Helpful vocabulary

  • das Heilmittel (nt) – cure
  • der Kühlschrank (m) – fridge
  • die Sache (f) – thing
  • der Wissenschaftler (m) – scientist
  • entdecken (v) – to discover
  • retten (v) – to save

Question

Fill in the missing words in the sentences below and identify the cases in each sentence to work out how the word changes. As an added challenge, translate the completed sentences.

  • Anna hatte _____ Film schon gesehen.
  • Sie hat _____ Tabletten genommen, als sie krank war. (use alle)
  • Ich habe die Kontaktlinsen __________ Mutter in der Küche gefunden. (use mein)
  • Er lernte _____ Beruf _____ Schneider_ in Österreich.
  • Die Tablette hat _____ Mann geholfen, sich besser zu fühlen.
  • Sie hat _____ Schwester schöne Sachen zum Geburtstag geschenkt. (use dein)
  • Die Tür _____ Kühlschrank _ war kaputt.
  • Wissenschaftler würden gerne _____ Heilmittel für Malaria entdecken.

Did you know?

Germans have invented a whole range of everyday objects that we often take for granted.

In 1886 Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler developed the first motorised vehicles - the verdict then was that they were, "zu laut, zu schnell, zu gefährlich” – too loud, too fast, too dangerous. Nearly a century later, Mercedes-Benz were one of the first firms to install airbags which are now a standard safety feature on all cars – Sicherheitsmaßnahme.

In the medical field, Aspirin was patented by the German company Bayer, and Adolf Eugen Fick developed the first contact lenses – Kontaktlinsen. X-rays were invented by Wilhelm Konrad von Röntgen, which is why the German verb to X-ray something is röntgen.

In 1969, Jürgen Dethloff und Helmut Gröttrup created the chip card or smart card used in credit cards for ID and data storage. It's hard to imagine life without these great inventions.

Young woman putting contact lens in her eye
Image caption,
Contact lenses are a German invention