BBC News Online looks at some of the key events in the Middle East this year.
DECEMBER 2001
Israel keeps Arafat from midnight mass
24 December
 Mr Arafat's speech was relayed to a disappointed crowd |
Yasser Arafat is prevented from travelling to Bethlehem for Midnight Mass on Christmas Eve. Mr Arafat says that Israel was guilty of "a crime" by blocking his route to the town. Earlier, a Palestinian gunman was killed in the West Bank town of Nablus, after seriously wounding an Israeli settler.
The BBC's Jeremy Cooke reports from Bethlehem
Israel hits back after bus attack
12 December
 10 people were killed in this bus attack |
Israeli F-16s went into action over Gaza a matter of hours after at least 10 Israelis were killed in a Palestinian attack on a bus at a Jewish settlement.
The BBC's Paul Adams reports
Israeli push for arrests
9 December
 Israeli attacks on Palestinian areas continue |
Dozens of Israeli tanks and armoured vehicles, backed by helicopter gunships stormed two villages on the West Bank in an attempt to arrest suspected militants. Four Palestinian policemen were killed. A Palestinian suicide bomber launched an attack in Haifa in which 10 people were injured.
The BBC's Paul Adams reports
Arafat accused of supporting terror
4 December Yasser Arafat was in an office close to a police station hit during the attacks |
Israel declared the Palestinian authority an entity which supports terror. The Israeli army continued its attacks on the West Bank and Gaza Strip killing 2 people and injuring hundreds. The Palestinian security forces have arrested more than 100 Hamas militants but Israel says much more has to be done.
The BBC's Jeremy Cooke reports
The BBC's David Loyn on the problems facing Yasser Arafat
Israel strikes back
3 December
 Yasser Arafat's helicopters were targeted by the Israelis |
Israeli helicopter gunships launched attacks on Palestinian targets, including the headquarters of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat in the West Bank town of Ramallah. As Israel began its response to the suicide bombings, the United States said Israel had the right to defend itself.
The BBC's Orla Guerin reports
Suicide bombers kill 26
2 December The wreckage of a bus destroyed by a suicide bomber |
An apparently co-ordinated series of attacks in Jerusalem and Haifa left 26 Israelis dead. The Israeli Prime Minister, Ariel Sharon was forced to cut short his visit to Washington, returning to Israel to weigh up his government's response.
The BBC's Orla Guerin reports
The BBC's Tom Carver on the state of the peace process
OCTOBER 2001
Israeli Minister assassinated
17 October
 Zeevi criticised government for being "too soft" on Palestinians |
Israel's hard-line Tourism Minister, Rehavam Zeevi, was shot dead by gunmen in a Jerusalem hotel. Later that day, Israeli tanks moved into parts of the West Bank - killing three Palestinians.
The BBC's Jeremy Cooke reports
AUGUST 2001
15 dead at pizza restaurant
9 August An Israeli policewoman carries a baby to safety at the scene of the blast |
A suicide bomb attack at a restaurant in the heart of Jerusalem killed 15 people - including a number of children - and injured more than 90. The BBC's Jeremy Cooke reports from Jerusalem.
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Israeli assassination policy
3 August
 A hooded Palestinian boy holds a Hamas flag |
Israeli leader Ariel Sharon is committed to the policy of assassinating individuals who his forces believe pose a threat to Israeli citizens. The BBC's James Reynolds reports on the killings.
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JULY 2001
Israel attacks Hamas headquarters
31 July
 Survivors of the Israeli attack on Nablus escaping from the bombed building |
In their most deadly strike since the uprising began, Israeli helicopters attack the regional headquarters of the Palestinian militant organisation Hamas, killing eight people including two of the group's senior leaders and two children. The BBC's Jeremy Cooke reports.
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Summer school for terrorists
 The boys are told it's good to kill - and to die |
Islamic Jihad is running a summer school - teaching boys to become suicide bombers. This new generation of 12-15 year olds is growing up amid conflict and violence, as the BBC's Jeremy Cooke reports.
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