Geerida 3 malyan oo carruur ah oo lala xiriiriyey dawo aan loo qorin oo jirkoodu adkaysi u yeeshay

In ka badan 3 milyan oo carruur ah oo ku nool caalamka oo dhan ayaa la aaminsan yahay inay u dhinteen sanadkii 2022 dawooyinkan Antibiyootigga oo uu jirkoodu qabatimay, sida ay ay qabto daraasad ay sameeyeen labo ka mid ah khubarada caafimaadka carruurta.

Carruurta Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya ayaa laga helay inay yihiin kuwa ugu badan ee khatarta ugu jira iska caabinta Antimicrobial, oo loo yaqaan AMR, waxaana ay sii darsadaan marka bakteeriyada sameyso iska caabinta dawooyinka antibioti-ga, iyada oo ka dhigaysa dawooyinkaasi kuwa aan shaqaynayn.

Iska caabinada Antimicrobial ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay tahay mid ka mid ah waxyeelooyinka ugu daran caafimaadka ee ay wajahayaan dadweynaha caalamka.

Daraasad cusub ayaa shaaca ka qaaday waxyeelo soo gaarta carruurta oo ay sabab u tahay iska caabinada antimicrobial iyaga oo adeegsanaya xogta isha laba dhinac oo ay ku jirto hay'adda caafimaadka addunka (WHO) iyo Bangiga Addunka, waxaana saynisyahanada qaybta ka ah daraasada ay ku qiyaaseen in ka badan 3 milyan oo carruur ah inay u dhinteen sanadkii 2022, ayna sabab u ahayd iska caabinada dawooyinka ee infakshanada.

Waxaa lala xiriiriyay iska caabinada carruurta saddexda sano jirka ah waxaana tiradu ay noqon lahayd mid ka sii daran, haddii aysan saameyn ku yeelan lahayn safmareenkii COVID.

Maxay yihiin dawooyinka Jirku qabatimo

Dr Cismaan Cali Gaboose ayaa sharaxaya waxa uu yahay dawooyinka qabatinku ka dhasho, isaga oo sheegay in uusan farqi u dhaxayn carruurta iyo dadka waaweyn marka la eego sida jirku u qabatimo.

''Waa dawooyinka nooc ka mid ah oo loo yaqaan antibioti-ga, waxaa dhacda qofku haddii uu u isticmaalo si aan nidaamsanayn in bakteeriyadii lagu dawaynayay cudurka ay la qabsato dawadu, ka dibna dawadu waxba ka qaban weydo'' ayuu yiri Dr Cismaan Gaboose.

Waxaa uu intaas raaciyay ''Dawada waxaa qofka loo siiyaa in cudur lagu daweeyo, marka bakteeriyadu nooca ay doonto ha ahaato waa kala duwan tahay, markii lala qabsado waxaa dhici karta waxtarkii dawadu inay hoos u dhacdo. Markii hore waxaa caan ahaan jiray dawada TB-da waxa dhacda haddii qofku si khaldan u isticmaalo in jirka la qabsado, ka dibna dawadii waxba tari weydo'' ayuu yiri.

Dawooyinka oo noocyo kala duwan leh ayaysan saameyn ku lahayn dhamaantood, sida uu sheegay Dr Cismaan, waxaana uu si gaar ah u taabtaa bakteeriyada qaybo ka mid ah.

Carruurta iyo dadka waaweyn ayaan farqi weyn u dhaxayn qabatimida dawooyinka.

''Farqi weyn oo u dhaxeeya marka laga hadlayo dawooyinka qabatimida dadka waaweyn iyo carruurta ma jirto. Daraasadu carruurta ayay khusaysaa, dawada ay daraasada ku sameeyeena waa dawo caan ah oo loo isticmaalo in carruurta yar marka caloosha infakshan bakteeriya uga dhacdo looga daweeyo marka malahayga waxaan is iri daraasadan waxaa ay xoogga u saareen waa dawooyinka ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo caloosha. Marka farqi weyn oo u dhaxeeya ma jiro qof weyn iyo ilmo yar dawooyinka qabatimida, marka labadaba waa ku dhici kartaa.

Dr Cismaan ayaa u arka xalka marka la eego Soomaalida in marka dhakhaatiirtu warqadaha u qoraan aysan meel kasta ka iibsan, lana sameeyo kantaroolid iyo wacyigalin bulshada loo sameeyo.

Adeegsiga sii kordhaya ee Antibiyootigga

Antibiotics ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daweeyo ama looga hortago qaybo badan oo infakshanada ee ka yimaada maqaarka ilaa borokiintada. Waxaa kale oo mararka qaar loo isticmaalaa difaac ahaan si looga hortago infakshanada intii lagu daweyn lahaa, tusaale ahaan haddii qof uu marayo qalliin ama qaadanayo daweynta kansarka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee antibiotic kuma leh wax saameyn ah caabuqyada virus-ka sida qabow guud, hargabka iyo COVID.

Laakiin qayb ka mid ah bakteeriyada ayaa hadda loo hormariyaa iska caabinada qaar ka mid ah dawooyinka, sababna ay u tahay isticmaalka xad dhaafka iyo sida khaldan ee loo adeegsado. Halka soo saarista antibyootik cusub oo ah mid dheer oo qaali ah ay si weyn u soo wajahday hoos u dhac.

Qoraaga hogaaminaya warbixinta, Dr. Yanhong Jessica Ho ee machadka daraasaadka carruurta Murdoch ee Australia, ahna barafasor Herb Harwell oo ka tirsan mashruuca helitaanka caafimaadka ee Clinton, ayaa tilmaamaya koror aad u weyn ee isticmaalka antibiyootiga, kuwaas oo loo maleynayo in loo isticmaalo kaliya in lagu daaweeyo caabuqyada ugu daran.

Intii u dhaxaysay 2019 ilaa 2021, isticmaalka "antibiotics-ka la kantaroolo," daawooyinka khatarta sare leh ee iska caabbinta leh, ayaa korortay 160 boqolkiiba ee Koonfur-bari Aasiya iyo 126 boqolkiiba oo Afrika ah.

Isla muddadaas, isticmaalka "daawoyinka antibiyootiga heeganka ah," daawaynta ugu dambeysay ee cudurrada daran ee u adkeysiga daawooyinka badan, ayaa korortay 45 boqolkiiba Koonfur-bari Aasiya iyo 125 boqolkiiba Afrika.

Fursadaha yaraynta

Qorayaashu waxay ka digayaan in haddii bakteeriyadu u adkaysato iska caabbinta antibiyootig-yada ay jiri doonto wax yar, haddii ay jiraan, beddelaadyo lagu daweyn karo caabuqyada u adkaysta daawooyinka badan.

Barafasor Harwell waxaa loo qorsheeyay inuu natiijada daraasaddiisa ku soo bandhigo shirka Ururka Yurub ee Kiliinikada Microbiology iyo Infekshinka Cudurrada ee Vienna goor dambe oo bishan ah.

Iska caabinada Antimicrobial waa dhibaato caalami ah oo qof walba saamaysa, waxaana shaqadan u qabanay si aan diiradda u saarno habka aan dheellitirka lahayn ee iska caabbinta antimicrobial u saamayso carruurta," ayuu yiri ka hor munaasabada.

"Waxaan ku qiyaaseynaa in 3 milyan oo carruur ah ee dhimashada adduunka oo dhan ay la xiriirto iska caabinta antimicrobial," ayuu sii raaciyay.

Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka ayaa ku tilmaamay iska caabbinta antimicrobial mid ka mid ah khataraha caafimaad ee ugu halista badan caalamka, laakiin barafasor Harwell, oo ka hadlaya Vienna ayaa ka digay inaysan jirin xal fudud oo loo hayo dhibaatada.

"Waa dhibaato dhinacyo badan taabanaysa oo dhan walba ah oo ku saabsan daawada iyo nolosha bini'aadamka runtii," ayuu raaciyay.

"Antibioti-ga ayaa yaala meel walba oo nagu wareegsan, iyada oo ku dhammaanaysa cuntadeena iyo deegaanka, markaa in la helo hal xal ma fududa," ayuu sii raaciyay.

Waxa uu intaa ku daray in sida ugu wanaagsan ee looga hortagi karo caabuqyada iska caabbinta ah ay tahay in gebi ahaanba laga fogaado caabuqa, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in loo baahan yahay heerar sare oo tallaal ah iyo nadaafad.

''Waa sii jiri doona isticmaalka badan ee antibiyootiga sababta oo ah waxaa jira dad badan oo u baahan, laakiin waxaan u baahanahay inaan hubinno in si habboon loo isticmaalo iyo in la isticmaalo daawooyinka saxda ah," ayuu yiri.

Daraasadda cusub "waxay muujineysaa koror weyn oo walaac leh marka loo eego xogtii hore," ayuu yiri Dr. Lindsay Edwards, oo ah bare sare oo cilmiga microbiology ka ah ee King's College, London.

Natiijooyinkani waa inay u adeegaan sidii baaq toos ah oo loogu talagalay hoggaamiyeyaasha caafimaadka adduunka. Haddii aan la helin tallaabo cad, iska caabbinta ka hortagga jeermiska waxay wiiqi kartaa tobannaan sano oo horumarka laga gaaray caafimaadka carruurta, gaar ahaan gobollada adduunka ee ugu nugul.