Tejali
Hello! ऐकलंत का? Listen Here! मध्ये तुमचं स्वागत. या मालिकेत आपण निरनिराळे विषय आणि त्या संदर्भातले शब्द जाणून घेतो. मी तेजाली...

James
I’m James- hi everybody.

Tom
and I am Tom – welcome back!

James
So guys, do you have any food allergies? You know foods that your body is sensitive to and you have to avoid?

Tejali
आज बोलणार आहोत food allergies बद्दल म्हणजे अन्नपदार्थांच्या अॅलर्जीबद्दल. Like, I am allergic to eggs; अंडी खाल्ली की मला त्रास होतो. How about you Tom?

Tom
 No, I never have to watch what I eat.

Tejali
‘To watch what you eat’ म्हणजे आपण जे खातो त्याकडे नीट लक्ष देणे.

James
No, me neither!

Tejali
आजच्या भागात बालरोगतज्ज्ञ अॅडम फॉक्स, अन्नपदार्थांपासून होणाऱ्या त्रासाबद्दल बोलणार आहेत. Allergic म्हणजे एखाद्या गोष्टी किंवा पदार्थाचं वावडं असलेला. अशा लोकांना त्या पदार्थामुळे किंवा गोष्टीमुळे त्रास होतो. Allergy साठी मराठी शब्द आहे वावडं. हे असे त्रास हल्ली कमी झालेत की वाढलेत, ऐकूया.

Adam Fox
I think we can be very confident, if you look back over, say, 30 or 40 years that there are much more allergic problems around now than there were. So for example, very robust studies that look at the prevalence of things like eczema and food allergy do show really significant increases. Over the course of around five years, there was over a 300% increase in the amount of visits for severe allergic reactions.

Tejali
Robust  म्हणजे मजबूत. Prevalence म्हणजे फैलाव किंवा प्रादुर्भाव. Significant increase म्हणजे लक्षणीय वाढ. So how significant was the increase in the number of children who visited hospital with food allergies?  

Tom
He said over 300% - that’s incredible. Who’d have thought it had increased so much!

James
I know! But did you hear what he said?

Adam Fox
If you look back over the past 30 or 40 years that there are much more allergic problems than there were.

Tom
Oh yeh! He used the zero conditional – that’s when you use ‘if’ with two present tense clauses.

James
That’s right Tom – we often use it when we’re talking about things that are always true, like scientific facts. For example, ‘If you eat healthy food, you don’t get fat’.

Tejali
खऱ्या गोष्टींबद्दल, त्यातही शास्त्रीय तथ्यांबद्दल बोलताना zero conditional चा वापर करतात.यात if येतं आणि त्यानंतर 2 वर्तमानकाळी वाक्यं येतात. उदा.‘If you heat up water, it boils’. जर पाणी गरम केलं तर ते उकळतं. दुसरं उदाहरण काय दिलंय? – अन्नपदार्थांतून होणारा संसर्ग साधारणपणे कोणत्या वयोगटातील मुलांना होतो? काय सांगतायत ते? ऐकूया.

Adam Fox
If you look, dig a little bit deeper into the numbers, it’s quite specifically an increase in younger children having food allergies.

Tejali
ते म्हणाले की लहान मुलांमधे अन्नपदार्थांच्या अॅलर्जीचं प्रमाण वाढलं आहे. Can you repeat the example of the zero conditional please?

Tom
He said ‘If you dig’, and ‘It is’ – ‘dig’ and ‘is’ are both present tense verbs.

James
So, if allergies are becoming more common, what is the cause then?

Adam Fox
There is a key role for eczema. So, there’s a pretty direct relationship between whether you’ve got eczema during infancy and your likelihood of getting a food allergy.

Tejali
Infancy म्हणजेच बाल्यावस्था. Likelihood म्हणजे शक्यता. यूकेच्या डॉक्टरांना त्वचेच्या समस्या असणारी मुलं आणि अन्नपदार्थांमूळे त्रास होणारी मुलं यांच्यात साम्य आढळलंय.   

James
let’s listen to some of what Dr. Fox said again.

Adam Fox
so, there’s a pretty direct relationship between whether you’ve got eczema during infancy.

James
some of the doctor’s pronunciation sounded really strange! He said ‘ginfancy’, not ‘infancy’. Did he make a mistake?

Tom
No! ‘During’ ends with a /g/ sound. ‘Infancy’ begins with a vowel sound. Sometimes, in connected speech, the two sounds join together. So we get ‘during infancy’.

James
let’s practice some of this pronunciation. Repeat after me.

An
Allergy
An allergy

Tejali
let’s review some of today’s vocabulary!Allergy म्हणजे त्रास, वावडं. Eczema म्हणजे गजकर्ण. Robust म्हणजे मजबूत. Prevalence म्हणजे प्रभाव, प्रादुर्भाव, significant increase म्हणजे लक्षणीय वाढ. Infancy म्हणजे बाल्यावस्था. Likelihood शक्यता.

James
if you want more Listen Here, tune in next week!

Tejali
आज इथेच थांबू पुन्हा भेटू Listen here च्या पुढच्या भागात. Bye!