ምህረተስላሴ
ጤና ይስጥልን፤ የእንግሊዝኛ ዜናዎችን ለመረዳት የሚያስችል ቋንቋ ወደምናስተምርበት ‘ሊስን ሂር’ መሰናዶ እንኳን በደህና መጡ። ምህረተስላሴ እባላለሁ።

Tom
And I'm Tom. Hi everyone!  Today we're talking about teenagers, homework and the brain.

ምህረተስላሴ
Did you do your homework when you were a teenager?

Tom
Yeah I did, but, often at the last minute, which means as late as possible!

ምህረተስላሴ
በዛሬው መሰናዶ፤ ታዳጊዎች ለምን የቤት ስራቸውን በጊዜ እንደማይሰሩ የአዕምሮ ሳይንስ መልስ ይሰጠን እንደሆን እንመለከታለን።

Tom
And today's guest is a neuroscientist, so get ready for some difficult vocabulary!

ምህረተስላሴ
'A neuroscientist' የስነ አዕምሮ ተመራማሪ ማለት ነው። ዛሬ የምናዳምጠው ከቢቢሲ ሬዲዮ ፎር፤ The Life Scientific መርኃ ግብር የተቀነጨበ ንግግር ነው። የስነ አዕምሮ ተመራማሪ ሳራ-ጄይን ብላክሞር ስለታዳጊዎች አዕምሮ ማብራሪያ እየሰጡ ነው። በተለይም 'pre-frontal cortex' ስለሚባለው የአዕምሮ ክፍል ይናገራሉ። ይህንን የአዕምሮ ክፍል የምናገኘው የት ነው? የሚፈፅማቸው ተግባራት tasks ምንድን ናቸው?

Insert 1
The pre-frontal cortex is the part of the brain right at the front, just behind the forehead. And it's involved in a whole range of very high-level cognitive tasks such as decision-making and planning.   

Tom
So, unsurprisingly, the pre-frontal cortex is at the front of the brain, just behind the forehead.

ምህረተስላሴ
ትክክል። Forehead ግንባር ማለት ነው። ‘fore’ ን ከ ‘e’ ጋር እንደ ቅድመ ቅጥያ የምንጠቀመው የመጀመሪያ ወይም ከፊት እንደሆነ ለማሳየት ነው። Forehead የጭንቅላትን የፊት ክፍል ይገልፃል። ሌላኛው ምሳሌ ደግሞ forethought ሲሆን ቀድሞ ማሰብን ያመለክታል።

Tom
Yeah. If we give something some forethought, it means we think first, or plan.

ምህረተስላሴ
እናም ይህ የአዕምሮ ክፍል ከሚያከናውናቸው ተግባሮች አንዱ ማቀድ ነው። decision-making ውሳኔ ማሳለፍ ሌላው ስራው ነው። ሳይንቲስቷ እነዚህን ውሳኔዎች ለመግለፅ high-level የሚለውን ሐረግ ከተጠቀሙ በኋላ የተገለገሉበት ቅፅል ምንድን ነው?

Insert
The pre-frontal cortex is the part of the brain right at the front, just behind the forehead. And it's involved in a whole range of very high-level cognitive tasks such as decision-making and planning.

Tom
She used the word cognitive.

ምህረተስላሴ
'Cognitive' ከአስተሳሰብ ጋር የተያያዘ ትርጉም ያለው ቅጽል ሲሆን፤ Cognitive tasks በአዕምሮ የሚከወኑ ተግባሮችን ይገልጻል።

Tom
And she also used the expression a whole range of cognitive tasks.

ምህረተስላሴ
'A whole range of' የተባለውን ሐረግ ከስም ጋር ስንጠቀመው በመጠንና በአይነት ሰፊ የሆነን ነገር ይገልፅልናል።

Tom
Note that the presenter says 'tasks'. I say 'tasks', and this is because of our different British accents. Both are fine, so use whichever one's easiest for you.

ምህረተስላሴ
የስነ አዕምሮ ተመራማሪዋ በጉርምስና ዘመን adolescent years ስላለው የአዕምሮ ዕድገት ነው የሚያወሩት። expectations የሚጠበቁ ነገሮች እና development እድገት በተባሉት ቃላት መካከል ያለው ግንኙነት ምንድን ነው?

Insert
We know that this region is undergoing very, very large amounts of development during the adolescent years. And so in terms of  the expectations that we place on teenagers, to, for example, plan their homework, might be too much given that we know that the region of the brain that's critically involved in planning is not developed yet.

Tom
Aha! So, in the last sentence she mentions that the area of the brain involved in planning isn't developed yet!

ምህረተስላሴ
That's right! ሳይንቲስቷ ከታዳጊዎች ብዙ እንጠብቃለን የሚለውን ሀሳባቸውን ለማጠናከር የተጠቀሙት አባባል ምንድን ነው? 'might be too much'. ከሚለው ሀረግ በኋላ ደግመው ያዳምጡ።

Insert
…the expectations that we place on teenagers, to, for example, plan their homework, might be too much, given that we know that the region of the brain that’s critically involved in planning is not developed yet.

Tom
Did you catch it? She said given that.

ምህረተስላሴ
'Given that' ሃቁን ከግምት ውስጥ ስናስገባ ማለት ነው።

Tom
So, given that we know that teenagers' brains are still developing, is it fair to expect them to be as good at planning as adults are? What do you think?

ምህረተስላሴ
Well, Tom, given that we're out of time, I don't think I can answer that question! አስተያየትዎን ለምን በአድራሻችን አያጋሩንም? አብረውን ስለቆዩ እናመሰግናለን።

Tom
Thanks for joining us everyone! See you next time for more Listen Here! Goodbye!