Tejali
Hello! ऐकलंत का?Listen Here! मध्ये तुमचं स्वागत. मी तेजाली आणि माझ्यासोबत आहे सॅम आणि टॉम.

James
And I’m James! Hi everybody!

Tejali
आज आपण बोलणार आहोत wealth म्हणजे संपत्ती आणि status म्हणजे प्रतिष्ठेबद्दल. So James, how do people in the UK show their wealth or status?

James
Well, in many different ways! The clothes they wear, the cars they drive, the shops they visit or the size or location of their house. How about in your country?

Tejali
आमच्याकडे बरेचदा व्यक्तीचं काम, समाजातलं वजन, त्याचं राहणीमान यावर व्यक्तीची प्रतिष्ठा ठरते. आता या क्लिपचा पहिला भाग ऐकू. पूर्वीच्या काळी सामाजिक प्रतिष्ठा दर्शवण्यासाठी मिठाचा वापर कसा होत असे याबद्दल सूझी डेंट सांगतायत. त्या शब्दकोशकार आहेत. हे कधीपासून सुरू झालं? ऐकूया.

Presenter
If you look in the Oxford English dictionary, there are just entry after entry which clearly reflects how important it (salt) has been. But it also became a great symbol of social wealth and social status. You’ll find this in medieval times right up to the 18th century.

Tejali
Wow, salt was important in medieval times! But it’s so common nowadays! Medieval times म्हणजे मध्ययुग.

James
That’s true! Salt was very expensive, and was therefore a way to show you were wealthy, that you could afford salt.

Tejali
Afford म्हणजे परवडणे. Let’s listen on - how was salt used to show people’s social status.

Presenter
The rank of guests at a banquet for example was gauged by exactly where they sat in relation to a silver salt cellar that was placed on the table. The distinguished guests would sit at the head of the table, above the salt, and people who sat below the salt, furthest away from the host, were the ones who were least important.

James
So the closer to the salt that people were sat, the more important they were! Two common phrases we use in English because of this are ‘above the salt’ and ‘below the salt’ – meaning ‘important’ or ‘not important’.

Tejali
‘Above the salt’ म्हणजे म्हणजे महत्त्वाची व्यक्ती, below the salt म्हणजे कमी महत्त्वाची व्यक्ती. Let’s keep listening to find more of these expressions.

Presenter
If you look at Shakespeare, for example, you will find salt as a symbol of liveliness and freshness. So Shakespeare talks about the salt of youth.

Tejali
So someone who is lively म्हणजे जिवंत, रसरशीत  आणि passionate म्हणजे भावूक आणि उत्कट about their job for example,  has the salt of youth?

James
Exactly! Let’s listen for more.

Presenter
And of course in the Bible you’ll find the salt of the earth, people who have great kindness and integrity.

Tejali
एखादी व्यक्ती kind म्हणजे दयाळू आणि integrity असलेली म्हणजे प्रामाणिक असेल तर अशा व्यक्तीला Salt of the earthम्हणतात.

James
Yes! People who do things for others are the salt of the earth.

Tejali
So all of these phrases are very positive, which shows how important salt was to people in the past.

James
That’s right, but that seems strange! Nowadays, salt is something which people try to avoid. A salty diet is not very good for you.

Tejali
Has this changed the way that people use the word salt James?
James
Yes, in fact it has!

Presenter 1
But now, in modern times there’s been a shift in that, you know, you  demonise it now as a bad thing.

Presenter 2
Yes, actually in slang we might just be able to detect that downturn because salty now, in slang, means irritable really or hostile even.
Tejali
Salty, याला इंग्रजीत समानार्थी शब्द आहेत aggressive, bitter. Agressiveम्हणजे आक्रमक, bitterम्हणजे कडवट. So, have the phrases we use with salt changed with people’s opinions?

James
That’s right – people’s attitudes to salt are now quite salty!

Tejali
How about you? Do you have a salty attitude to salt? Are you salt of the earth? आज आपण मिठासंबंधित काही इतर वाक्प्रचार शिकलो. Above the salt म्हणजे प्रतिष्ठित किंवा महत्त्वाचे, below the salt कमी महत्त्वाचे. The salt of youth  म्हणजे उत्साही आणि उत्कट व्यक्ती. आज इथेच थांबू, पुन्हा भेटू Listen here च्या पुढच्या भागात. Bye!