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Introduction

It's Christmas time in the UK. And like with celebrations around the world, people have lots of traditions that they do every year, and memories about Christmas from their childhood. But were the Christmases of the past as magical as we remember? Neil and Beth discuss a strange emotion we can feel at Christmas called nostalgia.

This week's question

In the UK, the most popular Christmas meal is a roast turkey. But which of these has become a popular food to eat at Christmas time in Japan?

a) turkey ramen
b) fried chicken
c) takeaway pizza

Listen to the programme to hear the answer.

Vocabulary

nostalgia
a feeling of happiness and also some sadness when you think about a thing that happened in the past

indeed (+ do in present simple)
yes, used to agree

dying for (something)
really want (something)

rose-tinted
seeing only the positive parts of something and not the negative

function
purpose

frame (verb)
think of or describe as

TRANSCRIPT

Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript. 

Beth
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Beth.

Neil
And I’m Neil. Now, it’s Christmas time in the UK at the moment. And like with celebrations around the world, lots of people have many happy memories about Christmas. Beth, do you have any happy Christmas memories?

Beth
I have a lot. Um, my cousins and I used to always put on a Christmas performance for the family. That was always fun. What about you?

Neil
Christmas was magical. I lived in Canada when I was a kid and it was always snowing, so it just felt perfect.

Beth
Amazing. Well, at this time of year, we might look back at the Christmases from the past, from our childhood, and feel like they were happier or more magical than Christmas feels today.

Neil
Yes, thinking about the past can make us feel happy and sad at the same time. It’s a strange feeling we call nostalgia. And we’re going to be talking about nostalgia today as well as Christmas memories and traditions.

Beth
And as usual, we’ll be learning some useful new words and phrases. You can practise these with the quiz and the worksheet on our website. Go to bbclearningenglish.com.

Neil
First, Beth, I have a question for you. In the UK, the most popular Christmas meal is a roast turkey.

Beth
Ooh yes, and all the roast potatoes and Brussels sprouts.

Neil
That’s right, yes. But which of these has become a popular food to eat at Christmas time in Japan?

a) turkey ramen
b) fried chicken
c) takeaway pizza

Beth
I think the answer is fried chicken.

Neil
Well, we’ll find out at the end of the programme. Now, at Christmas people often create family traditions that they repeat every year. Common traditions in the UK including putting out a snack for Father Christmas, that’s Santa Claus, who delivers presents for children.

Beth
Well, here is host of BBC Radio 4’s All in the Mind, Claudia Hammond, talking to psychology professor Daryl O’Connor about his Christmas traditions.

Claudia Hammond
Hello Daryl, I wonder whether you think nostalgia for Christmas past influences your Christmas present plans?

Daryl O’Connor
Well, indeed it does, Claudia. So, actually, I look back on my childhood Christmases with lots and lots of nostalgia. So, when I was a child, every single Christmas morning we would have to queue up on the stairs, and my father would go in the front room of the house, just to double check, just in case Santa Claus was still there, and then we had to wait. And then of course, I have repeated that exact same thing for my children.

Claudia
They line up on the stairs as well? How sweet. Dying for their presents!

Neil
When Claudia asks Daryl whether nostalgia influences his present-day Christmases, Daryl responds, indeed it does. This is a common conversational way to say yes, or agree with someone, we say indeed, followed by do in the present tense.

Beth
On Christmas morning, Daryl asks his children to queue up on the stairs so he can check for Santa Claus, just like Daryl’s father did when he was small. And Claudia likes this tradition, imagining the children waiting on the stairs, dying for their presents. We use the phrase dying for informally when someone really wants something.

Neil
Now, when we remember Christmas from the past and feel nostalgia, we often remember things in a very positive way. But was the past definitely better? Are we remembering correctly?

Beth
This is what Claudia Hammond asked Catherine Loveday, who's a professor of cognitive neuroscience, on BBC Radio 4 programme, All in the Mind.

Claudia Hammond
How accurate are nostalgic memories? Are they accurate?

Catherine Loveday
Well, they’re often going to be rose-tinted and made more positive of course, and that’s what we do with our past generally, but it doesn’t really matter. I mean, in our work we’ve just shown that the function of memory is not about accuracy. It doesn’t matter if some of the details are wrong, it doesn’t matter how we frame it. In fact, it’s actually better for us in a way to reframe our memories and to slightly adjust them to suit who we are now.

Neil
Catherine says that our memories are often rose-tinted. If a memory is rose-tinted, we only see the positive things about it, and don’t remember any of the bad parts.

Beth
But, according to Catherine, it doesn’t always matter. She says the function of memory is not accuracy. Function means the purpose of something.

Neil
In fact, Catherine says that how we frame a memory doesn’t matter. Frame can be used as a verb to mean how we think of or describe something, like a memory.

Beth
So, our memories aren’t that accurate, and it isn’t that important, unless of course, we need to remember factual details about something important.

Neil
So, our nostalgia about Christmas memories might not be based on what things were actually like in the past, but we shouldn’t worry too much! And I think it’s time I revealed the answer to my quiz question, Beth. I asked what has become a traditional food to eat in Japan at Christmas time?

Beth
And I said fried chicken, was I right?

Neil
You are absolutely correct.

Beth
Let’s recap the vocabulary we’ve learnt, starting with nostalgia, a feeling of happiness and also some sadness when you think about a thing that happened in the past.

Neil
The phrase indeed followed by the present simple form of do can be used informally instead of answering yes. For example, Beth, do you enjoy eating Brussels sprouts at Christmas?

Beth
Indeed, I do!

Dying for something is an informal phrasal verb we use to say that we really want something.

Neil
Rose-tinted means seeing only the positive parts of something, and not the bad parts.

Beth
Function means the purpose of something.

Neil
And frame can be used as a verb to mean how we think of or describe something.

Beth
Once again, our six minutes are up. Test what you’ve learnt in the episode with the quiz and worksheet on our website.

Neil
To all our listeners who are celebrating Christmas, Merry Christmas! And we hope you all have a good end to the year. See you soon.

Beth
Bye.

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