There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
ประโยคเงื่อนไขที่เป็นไปได้ (ประโยคเงื่อนไขแบบที่หนึ่ง)
Useใช้สำหรับพูดถึงสิ่งที่อาจเกิดขึ้นในอนาคต Formif + present simple and will (may/might/could) + infinitive If it's sunn...
The present continuous for future plans and arrangements
We also use the present continuous - subject + be + verb+ing – to talk about future plans and arrangements that are definite. The kind of things you write in your diary. เ�...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
Course: English You Need / Unit 1 / Grammar Reference
In Learners' Questions in Session 4, Dan looks at the construction as ... as. Here are some notes about that structure and some more on comparatives and superlatives. Comparatives and Superlative...
Course: English You Need / Unit 25 / Grammar Reference
Session 5 - Learners' Questions WhenFor things we are certain about in the future IfFor things that we are not sure about In caseFor taking precautions against things which may or may not happen...
Course: English You Need / Unit 2 / Grammar Reference
In Learners' Questions this week, Dan talks about the differences between which and what. What and Which are often both possible with little difference: What / Which is your...
Course: English You Need / Unit 30 / Grammar Reference
Session 5 - Learners' Questions Participle adjectivesCan have -ing or past participle (often -ed) form-ing participles are activePast participles are passive...
Course: English You Need / Unit 3 / Grammar Reference
In Learners' Questions in Session 4, Dan looks at phrasal verbs with the word pop. Here's a guide to phrasal verbs. Multi-word verbs / Phrasal verbs type 1, 2, 3 & 4 Meaning and use Multi-wor...
Course: English You Need / Unit 4 / Grammar Reference
Verb patterns: gerunds and infinitives Gerunds are the -ing form of a verb, and infinitives are the to + base form. These words can be confusing; they combine the meaning of a...
Course: English You Need / Unit 5 / Grammar Reference
Verb patternsIn English when two verbs are used back to back, the first verb tells the second verb what form to be. This is called a verb pattern 3 typesThere are three basic types of verb pattern:1. ...
Course: English You Need / Unit 6 / Grammar Reference
Adjective order When using two or more adjectives together, the order is important. Adjectives are put in the following orderopinion, size, quality, age, shape, colour, participle forms, origin, mater...
Course: English You Need / Unit 7 / Grammar Reference
How to use 'worth' Worth usually follows the verb be and is followed by an ING clause. It's commonly used in sentences starting with it. It's worth repairing the car. It's worth studying hard at scho...
Course: English You Need / Unit 8 / Grammar Reference
Be likely to We use be likely to to talk about the possibility of something happening, often in connection with the future. When we say be likely to, we are confident that something will hap...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
Linking devices of cause and effect
Meaning and use Linking devices are used to link one idea or argument to another. A common situation is when we are talking about something that happens and its result, or a cause and its effect. [CA...
Reported speech
Meaning and use If someone says something that you want to tell another person, you can report it using direct speech or reported speech. In direct speech we use speech (or quotation) marks to show t...
Active and passive
Meaning and use In English, we can express sentences in two different ways: active voice and passive voice. The active voice is used when the focus is on the subject (or agent) of the main verb. This ...
Course: intermediate / Unit 13 / Grammar Reference
Meaning and use We use comparative adjectives and adverbs to compare one person or thing with another person or thing. Today is hotter than yesterday. I think documentaries are more interesting than t...
Past perfect continuous
Meaning and use We use the past perfect continuous to describe an action or situation that was happening over a period of time up to another past event or point in time. It is often used to give backg...
Adverb position 1
Meaning and use Adverbs are words and phrases that we use to give more information about verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. They answer questions such as where? when? how? how often? He walked quick...
The definite article with abstract uncountable nouns
Meaning and use The definite article is the word the. An uncountable noun, sometimes called a mass noun is a noun that usually does not have a plural form. It refers to something that cannot be counte...
Ways of talking about the future
1) We use will for statements about the future, and for predictions about the future. It often expresses the future as fact – so it's used for very strong opinions or predictions. It can also be...
Relative clauses
Meaning and use Relative clauses are used to give additional information about a noun, such as a person, place or thing. Relative pronouns introduce a relative clause. They include who for people, tha...
Adverb position 2
Meaning and use Adverbs are words and phrases that we use to give more information about verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. They answer questions such as where? when? how? how often? He calmly pic...
The present simple, present continuous and present perfect tenses
Present simple We use the present simple tense for things that we do regularly and for facts, habits, truths and permanent situations. We often use time expressions like every day, once a week, o...
Narrative tenses
Meaning and use We use narrative tenses to talk about the past. We can use them to tell a story or to describe past events, including personal anecdotes. When I lived on the island, I enjoyed walking...
Multi-word verbs / Phrasal verbs type 1, 2, 3 & 4
Meaning and use Multi-word verbs are verbs that combine with one or two particles, which may be adverbs or prepositions, to make new verbs. They are sometimes called phrasal verbs. A lot of common ver...
Future continuous and be + infinitive with future sense
Meaning and use Future continuous We use the future continuous to talk about events that will be in progress at a particular time or over a period of time in the future. These are usually plans or pre...
Course: intermediate / Unit 23 / Grammar Reference
Meaning and use of used to and be/get used to We use used to + the infinitive to talk about an action that happened regularly in the past but doesn’t happen now. Used to is different to the past...
Conditionals review
Meaning and use Conditional sentences express a connection between two actions or states. One thing happens because of another. These connections can be general, specific, likely, unlikely, real or im...
Linking devices of contrast
Meaning and use We can use different words and phrases to highlight a contrast between two parts of a sentence. Some of these words and phrases are: although, even though, despite, in spite of, howeve...
The Future Perfect
Meaning and use We use the future perfect verb form to make educated guesses about things that will happen or that have happened. These predictions are based on what we know now, and are about activit...
Participle (-ing and -ed) clauses
Meaning and use Present and past particples are used as parts of certain verb constructions but they can be used in a number of different ways. Present participle (verb-ing) clauses can be used withou...
Intensifiers: so, such, enough, too
Meaning and use We use so, such, enough and too to indicate degree. So and such give emphasis and mean ‘very’. Too means more than necessary, and enough indicates the right amount of somet...
Verb patterns
Verbs with infinitives, gerunds (verb-ing), and that-clauses Meaning and use With some verbs, especially those that explain, report or warn, after the main verb, you can sometimes use that, sometimes ...
Course: intermediate / Unit 2 / Grammar Reference
The present perfect continuous tense Meaning and use We use the present perfect continuous to talk about an activity that started in the past and is continuing now or has recently finished. I’v...
Future perfect continuous
Contrasted with future perfect Meaning and use We use the future perfect and the future perfect continuous tenses to talk about a future event or situation that will have happened or will have been go...
Course: intermediate / Unit 3 / Grammar Reference
Quantifiers: all, every, each, both, neither, either Meaning and use: all, every each Quantifiers are words that give us information about the number or amount of something. All, every and each mean t...
Multi-word verbs
Meaning and use A multi-word verb is a verb plus a word such as in, on, out, up, away, off and down. We often think of these words as prepositions, but here they behave like adverbs. The adverb s...
Zero and first conditionals
Meaning and use We use the zero conditional to talk about things which always happen if a particular action takes place. These can be scientific facts, or things we believe are always true. When you t...
Course: intermediate / Unit 6 / Grammar Reference
Might, may, could, must and can’t Meaning and use We can use the modal verbs might, may, could, must and can’t for talking about what we think is possible or true in the present. We don&r...
Course: intermediate / Unit 7 / Grammar Reference
Past perfect tense Meaning and use We often use the past perfect when two things in a sentence happened in the past, and we need to show which thing in the sentence happened first. When I arrived hom...
Adjectives and adverbs
Meaning and use Adjectives and adverbs are words that we use to describe or modify other words. Adjectives are used to tell us about nouns or pronouns. They give us information about what someone or s...
Third conditional
We use the third conditional to talk about imagined past events: things that might have happened in the past, but didn’t happen.If I’d known it was your birthday, I’d have bought yo...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
Verb patterns: gerunds and infinitives
Meaning and use Gerunds are the -ing form of a verb, and infinitives are the to + base form. These words can be confusing; they combine the meaning of a verb with the grammar of a noun....
Present Perfect
Meaning and use Positive The present perfect is made with subject + have/has + past participle. I've taught English in Italy and in Russia. Johnny Depp has starred in lots of brilliant films. Ne...
Course: lower intermediate / Unit 12 / Grammar Reference
Present perfect and ‘for’/’since’ Meaning and use The present perfect is often used to talk about situations that started in the past and are continuing now. We sometimes use t...
Comparatives and Superlatives
Meaning and Use Comparatives Meaning and use We use comparatives to compare one person or thing with another person or thing. My new phone is smaller than my old phone. The film is more exciting than...
Course: lower intermediate / Unit 14 / Grammar Reference
Present perfect with just, already and yet Meaning and use The present perfect is often used to say whether an action has happened or not at the present time. The action might be necessary or expected...
Course: lower intermediate / Unit 15 / Grammar Reference
Defining relative clauses Meaning and use Defining relative clauses give us important information about the person, thing or place that we are talking about. When making a relative clause, we can use ...
Course: lower intermediate / Unit 16 / Grammar Reference
‘Might’, ‘may’ and ‘could’ for possibility Meaning and use We use might + verb, may + verb or could + verb to talk about the possibility of something in the present...
Course: lower intermediate / Unit 17 / Grammar Reference
‘Used to’ Meaning and use We use the phrase used to when we want to talk about something we did regularly in the past, but we don’t do now. We also use it to talk about a past fact w...
Subject-object questions
Meaning and use A simple way of asking questions in English is by using interrogatives, or question words, such as who or what. These questions are called wh-questions and are used when asking for inf...
Course: lower intermediate / Unit 19 / Grammar Reference
Too much / too many / enough / not enough / very Meaning and use In English, we can use too, enough and very with adjectives to indicate degree. Too describes something negative or unwanted, enough de...
Question forms
Meaning and UseIn English, there are two basic types of question.1. Yes/no questions often begin with the verb to be, but can also begin with other auxiliary verbs, such as do. We ask these when ...
Mixed tenses
Present simple and present continuous: We use the present continuous for things that are happening now and for temporary situations. We often use time expressions like at the moment, this week, these ...
Course: lower intermediate / Unit 21 / Grammar Reference
Indirect questions Meaning and use There are two ways to ask questions in English – directly and indirectly. Both have the same meaning, but we use indirect questions if we want to sound more fo...
Course: lower intermediate / Unit 22 / Grammar Reference
Present and past passive Meaning and use In English, we can talk about the present and past in both the active voice and passive voice.The active voice focuses on the agent or person or thing doing th...
Course: lower intermediate / Unit 23 / Grammar Reference
First conditional Meaning and use We use the first conditional to talk about possible future situations (or ‘conditions’) and their results.We use if for things we think are likely to happ...
Second conditional
We use the second conditional in English when we want to talk about unreal situations or things we don’t think will happen. We use it to talk about the possible results of these situations. It i...
State verbs and action verbs
Form, meaning and use Action verbs describe things we do or things that happen. Ted is playing football.The sun rose at six this morning. We use state verbs to talk about attitudes, thoughts, se...
Present perfect and past simple
Life experiences When talking about a life experience, we can use the present perfect. We don't say when it happened because we're more interested in the experience, than the time or date. My wif...
Question tags
What do question tags mean and what do we use them for? Basically, question tags work by turning a statement into a question by adding a tag at the end. The tag is a short yes or no question, and we u...
Will, going to, be likely to and might
Form - will and might For will and might, the form is subject + will / might + infinitive. We use the same form for all persons (I, you, he, she, and so on). You can contract will to 'll in the positi...
'Used to' and 'would'
Meaning and use We can use used to and would to talk about things we did regularly in the past, but we don’t do now. We use used to for either habits or states in the past. Would is used only fo...
Present and past modals of ability
Meaning and use We use can or be able to for saying that somebody or something has the ability to do something. Can and be able to mean the same, but we often use be able to when something is surprisi...
'Like' for preference and description
Meaning and useThe word like can be used in a number of different ways. In this unit we look at two of these:1. Like can be used as a verb to express a preference or interest in a person, place or thi...
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of frequency Meaning and useAdverbs give us more information about a verb. Adverbs of frequency tell us how often an activity happens. There are many adverbs to choose from. Here are some...
Unit 5 - ‘Have to’ and ‘must’ (obligation)
Meaning and useIf you have to do something, it is necessary for you to do it. It’s a law, an obligation or a fact.You have to get a visa if you want to go to Russia.According to our agreement, we ha...
Course: lower intermediate / Unit 6 / Grammar Reference
Past simple - Meaning and use We use the past simple when an action or situation happens and finishes in the past. We usually say or know when it happened. She called me at the office yesterday. ...
Course: lower intermediate / Unit 7 / Grammar Reference
Past simple and past continuous Meaning and use We use the past simple for something that happened and finished in the past. We use it when we say or know the time when something happened. It is often...
Articles
A and an A or an means one person or thing. We use a or an: 1) before singular nouns: I've been to a concert. We had a great day and we saw an elephant. 2) before the name of a job:&n...
Present continuous and ‘be going to’ for talking about the future
Meaning and use We can use the present continuous to talk about the future when we have already arranged to do something. It's definite, not just an idea. Perhaps we have put the arrangement in our di...
Course: shakespeare / Unit 1 / Grammar Reference
Shakespeare Speaks is a series that looks at some of the language that William Shakespeare has popularised. This 20-week course only focusses on words and phrases, not on grammar. Click here to read a...
Course: shakespeare / Unit 2 / Grammar Reference
Shakespeare Speaks is a series that looks at some of the language that William Shakespeare has popularised. This 20-week course only focusses on words and phrases, not on grammar. Click here to read a...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 10 / Grammar Reference
Future continuous Meaning and use We use the future continuous to talk about events that will be in progress at a particular time or over a period of time in the future. These are usually plans or pre...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 11 / Grammar Reference
Native speaker 'mistakes' Native speakers often say things that don't follow the rules of standard English. This is due to regional variation, changes in formality and personal preference. Here are th...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 12 / Grammar Reference
Adding Emphasis - 'It' cleft sentences Sometimes there's a particular part of a sentence that you really want to stress. It might be because it's new information or because it's the most interesting o...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 13 / Grammar Reference
Native speakers often say things that don't follow the rules of standard English. This is due to regional variation, changes in formality and personal preference. Here are three typical native speaker...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 14 / Grammar Reference
Adding emphasis: 'what' cleft sentences. Sometimes there's a particular part of a sentence that you really want to stress. It might be because it's new information or because it's the most interesting...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 15 / Grammar Reference
The future in the past Sometimes when we are talking about past events, we want to refer to something that was in the future at that time. In order to do this, we use the past tenses of verbs we would...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 16 / Grammar Reference
Session 1 - Discourse markers Discourse markers are words and phrases which we use to connect and organise our ideas, such as 'right', 'well' and 'anyway'. They can guide the listener by connecting id...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 17 / Grammar Reference
Session 1 - Advanced Learner Mistakes: Part One Here are two common mistakes that advanced learners can make: 1. Word order in WH word clauses a) Advanced learners often automatically invert the ...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 18 / Grammar Reference
Session 1 - Advanced Learner Mistakes: Part Two English language learners often have difficulty distinguishing between the verbs go and come and take and bring. This...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 19 / Grammar Reference
Features of informal English common words and phrasal verbs Don't worry, I'll back you up. abbreviations, contractions and acronyms Call me asap. simple, short sentences I graduated. Th...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 1 / Grammar Reference
Relative clauses Meaning and use Relative clauses are used to give additional information about a noun, such as a person, place or thing. Relative pronouns introduce a relative clause. They ...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 20 / Grammar Reference
Subject-Verb Agreement 1 Verbs always agree with the subject noun in a sentence: I always go to work early.She always goes to work early. We are oldThe house is...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 21 / Grammar Reference
Subject-Verb Agreement 2 Verbs always agree with the subject noun in a sentence: I always go to work early.She always goes to work early.We are old.The house is...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 22 / Grammar Reference
Subject-Verb Agreement 3 Verbs always agree with the subject noun in a sentence: I always go to work early.She always goes to work early.We are old.The house is...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 23 / Grammar Reference
Masterclass: 5 uses of 'wish' 1. Wish for a present or past that isn't real This use of wish is for present or past situations that we want to change, but&nbs...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 24 / Grammar Reference
Masterclass: Being Polite: How to soften your English Summary In English, politeness is considered to be very important. While it is ok to be direct in informal situations or with friends, it is very ...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 25 / Grammar Reference
Session 1 - Masterclass Inversion 1: After Negative or Limiting Adverbs Inversion happens in English for emphasis, dramatic purpose or formality. This type of inversion uses negative and limiting...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 26 / Grammar Reference
Session 1 - MasterclassInversion 2 Inversion happens in English for emphasis, dramatic purpose or formality. In order to invert, the subject verb object order of a normal sentence is changed in some w...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 27 / Grammar Reference
Session 1 - MasterclassDiscourse Markers 2 Discourse markers are words and phrases which we use to connect and organise our ideas, such as 'right', 'well' and 'anyway'. They can guide the listener by ...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 28 / Grammar Reference
Question Tags: Summary Question tags are made of an auxiliary verb plus a pronoun, which go at the end of a sentence, either to ask for more information about something, or to confirm something which ...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 29 / Grammar Reference
Session 1 - MasterclassParticiple Clauses A participle is a form of a verb - either ING or Past Participle (3rd form of a verb). A participle clause is a subordinate clause which begins with a pa...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 2 / Grammar Reference
Will, going to, be likely to and might Form - will and might For will and might, the form is subject + will / might + infinitive. We use the same form for all persons (I, you, he, ...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 30 / Grammar Reference
Session 1 - Masterclass Aspect Tenses in English are made of a time and an aspect. English recognises 3 times (past, present and future) and 3 aspects (simple, continuous and perfect.) An aspect is th...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 3 / Grammar Reference
Uses of the present Present time We use the present simple tense for things that we do regularly and for facts, habits, truths and permanent situations. We often use time expressions like every day, o...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 4 / Grammar Reference
Linking words of contrast We use words and phrases like though, although and even though to link two clauses together. We call them linking words of contrast. We use ...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 5 / Grammar Reference
Stative verbs in the continuous form Verbs with two meanings Some state verbs can be used in the continuous form to talk about a temporary action or an action happening in the present. However, s...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 6 / Grammar Reference
Infinitives of purpose We use infinitives of purpose to explain why we're doing something: You're watching this video to get better at speaking English. We can also use for + somebody to expla...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 7 / Grammar Reference
Conditionals review Meaning and use Conditional sentences express a connection between two actions or states. One thing happens because of another. These connections can be general, specific, likely, ...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 8 / Grammar Reference
5 ways you can use past forms to talk about times other than the past 1. When a plan isn't certain I was thinking of going to that party later. In this example, the use of the past co...
Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 9 / Grammar Reference
Verb patterns: gerunds and infinitives Gerunds are the -ing form of a verb, and infinitives are the to + base form. These words can be confusing; they combine the meaning of a...
There is no grammar support for this series
There is no grammar support for this series...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 10 / Grammar Reference
Articles Indefinite article: a and an A or an means one person or thing. We use a or an: 1) before singular nouns: I've been to a concert. We ha...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 11 / Grammar Reference
Articles Definite article: the We use the: 1) before singular nouns that we have already mentioned with a/an: We saw an elephant. The elephant was standing under some t...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 12 / Grammar Reference
Continuous passive Use We use the continuous passive the same way as regular continuous forms but when the agent, that is the person or organisation that is doing the action of the verb, is not k...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 13 / Grammar Reference
The Future Perfect Meaning and use We use the future perfect verb form to make educated guesses about things that will happen or that have happened. These predictions are based on what we kn...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 14 / Grammar Reference
Need + verb-ing We use this form when we talk about something that must be done, but we choose not to say who needs to do it. This is often because the person who needs to do it is unknown, obvious or...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 15 / Grammar Reference
Have something done Meaning The causative is used when someone else does something for you. I've had my hair cutHe's had his car repairedShe's had her house decoratedThey've had their windows replaced...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 16 / Grammar Reference
What verb forms follow 'wish'? For wishes about the present or future, use the subjunctive. Follow I wish with the past subjunctive. The past subjunctive looks like the past simple...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 17 / Grammar Reference
Participle clauses Participle clauses use a present or past participle in a clause instead of a typical subject + verb form. There are different kinds of participle clauses for different situations. I...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 18 / Grammar Reference
Ways of saying 'if' As long as = Only if As long as we go somewhere hot. Suppose + question clause = How about if ...Note: Use this when making a suggestion. Suppose we go to A...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 19 / Grammar Reference
Passive reporting structures Meaning and use This structure is used to report information in a formal style or to report facts. Passive structures hide the source of the information. This is beca...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 1 / Grammar Reference
1) The third conditional We use the third conditional to talk about imagined past events: things that might have happened in the past, but didn’t happen.If I’d known it was your birthday, ...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 20 / Grammar Reference
The subjunctive - an introduction The subjunctive is a verb form which expresses possible, unreal, imaginary or desirable situations. We see it most often in conditionals and wishes. We also find it i...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 21 / Grammar Reference
When and if The main difference is to do with certainty. Compare these: 1) If the coin lands on tails, I'll eat these sweets. 2) When the coin stops, I'll know what to do. In ...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 22 / Grammar Reference
Inversion We use adverbial inversion for drama, emphasis or formality. Form: Move the adverb / adverbial phrase to the beginning of the sentence, and switch the subject and auxiliary: Normal word...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 23 / Grammar Reference
Multi-word verbs / Phrasal verbs type 1, 2, 3 & 4 Meaning and use Multi-word verbs are verbs that combine with one or two particles, which may be adverbs or prepositions, to make new verbs. They a...
Future revision
1. Will OK, I'll be there.Used for: decisions made at the moment of speaking, promises, voluntary offers, predictions 2. Present continuous I'm meeting her tonight.Used for: arrangements 3. ...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 25 / Grammar Reference
Modal verbs: Might, may, could, must and can’t Meaning and use We can use the modal verbs might, may, could, must and can’t for talking about what we think is possible ...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 26 / Grammar Reference
Narrative tenses Meaning and use We use narrative tenses to talk about the past. We can use them to tell a story or to describe past events, including personal anecdotes. When I lived on th...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 27 / Grammar Reference
Multi-word verbs / Phrasal verbs type 1, 2, 3 & 4 Meaning and use Multi-word verbs are verbs that combine with one or two particles, which may be adverbs or prepositions, to make new verbs. They a...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 28 / Grammar Reference
Conditionals review Meaning and use Conditional sentences express a connection between two actions or states. One thing happens because of another. These connections can be general, specific, likely, ...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 29 / Grammar Reference
Used to Meaning and use We use used to + the infinitive to talk about an action that happened regularly in the past but doesn’t happen now. Used to is different to the past simple be...
Reported Speech
Meaning and use If someone says something that you want to tell another person, you can report it using direct speech or reported speech. In direct speech we use speech (or quotation) marks ...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 30 / Grammar Reference
Linking words of contrast We use words and phrases like though, although and even though to link two clauses together. We call them linking words of contrast. We use ...
If and whether - for when we have two choices
Often the words if and whether can be used interchangeably, but one difference is that we use whether when we have two clear choices. Compare these: 1) I don't know if Finn wants tea or coffee. (It's ...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 4 / Grammar Reference
BBC English Class Five ways to use would 1) Conditionals I would memorise these sentences if I were you! 2) Future in past When you started learning English you knew you would be fluent one day. 3) Re...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 5 / Grammar Reference
Let and allow The verbs let and allow have similar meanings – both are related to giving permission. But they're not used in exactly the same way. Let and allow are both followed by nouns or obj...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 6 / Grammar Reference
1) Active and passive forms In English, we can express sentences in two different ways: active voice and passive voice. The active voice is used when the focus is on the ...
Grammar Reference
Unless Unless is similar in meaning to if not and can be used instead of if not in certain types of conditional sentences. We normally use unless with present tenses when we are referring to the futur...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 8 / Grammar Reference
Mixed conditionals These are sentences that combine two different types of conditional patterns. Mixed third/second conditional form The most common mixed conditional combination is when we have a thi...
Course: Upper-intermediate / Unit 9 / Grammar Reference
Zero article Here are some rules: Use zero article (-) with: The names of most countries, cities and continents: Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Warsaw, Beijing, Europe, Asia Geogr...
การใช้ประโยค passive
เราจะใช้รูปประโยค passive เมื่อใด? เราใช้รูปประโยค active เพื่อเน้นถึงบุคคลหรือ�...
