Ƙasashen Afirka takwas mafiya arzikin ma'adanai

Hanƙoron ƙasashen waje (kamar Amurka, China, Rasha, Canada, Birtaniya, Tarayyar Turai, Indiya, ƙasashen Larabawa) da kamfanoninsu na samun ma'adanai daga Afirka na cikin abubuwan da suka fi mamaye tattaunawa tsakanin shugabanni.

Yayin da kamfanoni ke ci gaba da samun biliyoyin kuɗi daga ma'adanan da suke samu daga Afirka, nahiyar na cike da talauci da rashin ayyukan yi tsakanin matasanta.

Ƙasashen Afirka da dama na da albarkatun ƙasa da ake nema a duniya. Daga cikinsu akwai duwatsu masu daraja na cobalt, da graphite, da lithium, da bauxite, da nickel, da manganese, da sauransu.

Ana amfani da wasu daga cikin waɗannan muhimman ma'adanan wajen haɗa batiri, da ababen hawa masu amfani da lantarki, da wayoyin zamani, da fankar zuƙo lantarki, da kuma haɗa na'urori masu basira.

An ce Afrka na da ma'adanai iri-iri da suka kai kusan 60, wanda ya kai kashi ɗaya cikin uku kenan na ma'adanan duniya baki ɗaya.

Cibiyar nazari kan cigaba ta International Institute for Sustainable Development ta yi ƙiyasin cewa nahiyar na da kashi 90 cikin 100 na ma'adanan platinum; kashi 80 na coltan; kashi 10 man fetur.

Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo

Ƙasar Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo ta shahara da ma'adanai daban-daban. Ƙasar na da tagulla (copper), da cobalt, da lithium, da zinari, da demon, da uranium, da sauransu.

Ita ce ja gaba wajen samar da ma'adanin cobalt mai muhimmanci wajen haɗa ababen hawa. Sannan tana kan gaba-gaba wajen samar da tagulla a Afirka.

A cewar asusun lamuni na IMF, ƙasar na da kashi 70 cikin 100 na arzikin cobalt a duniya, kuma take da kashi 51 na rumbun cobalt ɗin, da kashi 2.2 na arzikin rumbun tagulla. Tana kuma da arzikin kuza da tantalum, da sauransu.

A kasafin kuɗi na 2025, ana ƙiyasin gudummawar da ɓangaren ma'adanai ke bayarwa ya kai kashi 30 cikin 100 na dala biliyan 49.8 kuɗin Kongo.

Afirka ta Kudu

A Afirka ta Kudu, ɓangaren albarkatun ƙasa na da muhimmanci sosai a tarihi da kuma cigaban ƙasar.

A matsayinta mafi girman tattalin arziki a Afirka, Afirka ta Kudu na da ma'adanai kamar demon, da zinari, da tagulla, da chrome, da chrome, da manganese, da platinum, da palladium, da rhodium, da iridium, da ruthenium, da sauransu.

Afirka ta Kudu na da rumbunan uranium mafiya girma a duniya. Ƙasar ce ke kan gaba wajen samar da palladium da platinum, inda take da kashi 43 da 73 na duka ma'adanan a duniya.

Kuma ita ce ta biyu da ke da rumbun ajiyar uranium mafi girma a duniya bayan Australia.

Sashen haƙar ma'adanai ya samar mata da dala biliyan 15.5 a 2021.

Botswana

Yayin da azrikinta na cikin gida ya kai dala biliyan 19, Botswana babbar ƙasa ce a ɓangaren haƙar ma'adanai a Afirka.

A cewar hukumar ƙididdiga ta ƙasar, ɓangaren dutsen demon mai daraja na samar wa ƙasar kashi 90 na kuɗaɗen ƙasar waje kuma yakan samar da tallafin kashi 30 zuwa 40 na kuɗaɗen shigar da gwamnati ke samu.

Baya ga dutsen demon, Botswana na da tagulla, da nickel, da sodium carbonate, da kanwa, kwal, da tama, da azurfa.

Zimbabwe

A cewar ƙungiyar Zimbabwe Mining Association, ƙasar na da arzikin ma'adanai daban-daban har 60. Cikinsu akwai zinari, da rukunin ƙarafa na platinum, da deman, da nickel, da chromium, da kwal, da lithium.

An ce ƙasar na da arzikin tama, da tungsten, da graphite, waɗanda har yanzu ba a fara haƙar su ba. Ƙasarta na ƙunshe da duwatsu masu daraja kamar aquamarine, ruby, amethyst, emerald, da kuma sauran ma'adanai irinsu tantalite, manganese, vermiculite, limestone, mica da sauransu.

Masana'antar haƙar ma'adanai na bai wa ƙasar gudummawar kashi 12 cikin 100 na kasafin kuɗinta, da kuma kashi 70 na kuɗin fitar da kaya zuwa ƙasashen waje, a cewar hukumar kula da kasuwanci ta Amurka.

Zambia

Zambia ce ƙasa ta biyu mafi yawan samar da tagulla a Afirka, kuma tana cikin 10 na farko a duniya. Akwai rumbun tagulla mafi girma a Afirka tsakanin Kongo da Zambia.

Baya ga wannan, ƙasar na da arzikin wasu ma'adanan kamar cobalt, uranium, manganese, da emeralds.

Sai dai tagulla ce ƙashin bayan tattalin arzikinta inda take samar mata da kashi 18 na baki ɗayan arzikinta na cikin gida, kuma take sama mata fiye da kashi 70 na kuɗaɗen ƙasar waje.

Angola

Angola ta shahara da fitar da ɗanyen man fetur (ta biyu mafi girma bayan Najeriya), wanda ke samar mata kashi 95 cikin 100 na dukkan kuɗaɗen shiga, kashi 80 na kuɗaɗem haraji, da kashi 45 na jimillar arzikin cikin gida, kamar yadda bankin raya ƙasashen Afirka ya bayyana.

Amma kuma tana da sashen haƙar ma'adanai mai ƙarfin gaske. Tana cikin mafiya girma wajen fitar da dutsen deman a Afirka, inda aka yi ƙiyasin ya kai sinƙi miliyan tara duk shekara.

Deman na samar wa Angola dala biliyan bakwai duk shekara. Ban da wannan, ƙasarta na ƙunshe da tama, da phosphorus, da tagulla, da zinari, da dutsen bauxite, da dutsen manganese, da sauransu.

Guinea

Jamhuriyar Guinea, ɗaya daga cikin mafiya girma a duniya wajen samar da dutsen bauxite bayan ƙasar Australia, tana kuma da rumbun goran ruwa mafi girma a duniya (kashi 25 cikin 100).

A cewar ma'aikatar tama da ƙarafa ta Guinea, yawan ma'adanan da ke cikin rumbunan ƙasar sun kai tan biliyan 40, ciki har da tan biliyan 23 da aka gano a yankin Boke.

Ƙasar na da kuma tama, da sinƙin dutsen deman da ya kai miliyan 30 zuwa 40, da kuma tan 700 na zinari.

A cewar wata wasiƙa daga ma'aikatar harkokin kuɗi ta Faransa, duwatsun manganese, cobalt, nickel, da uranium su ne na biyu wajen yawa a masana'antar ma'adanai, kuma tana samar da kashi 18 na arzikin cikin gida.

Ghana

Ƙasar da ake kira Gold Coast a baya, ita ce kan gaba wajen haƙo zinari a Afirka (mai nauyin tan 136), kuma ta 10 a duniya.

Akan haƙo zinari ne akasari a yankunan yankin Yamma da Ashanti. Waɗannan yankuna ne ke samar wa ƙasar kashi 97 na duka zinarin da take haƙowa.

A cewar Ghana, ɓangaren haƙar ma'adanai na sama wa ƙasar kashi 39 na kuɗaɗen ƙasar waje, da kashi 18.6 na kuɗaɗen haraji, da kuma kusa kashi 14 na duka arzikin cikin gida a 2024.