'Turashaka gusubira mw'ishamba kuko ni bwo butaka bwacu'

Abatwa bo muri Uganda ni abantu babayeho nk'abahigi mu mashamba yabo mu gihe c'ibinjana vyinshi cane.

Ariko mu myaka ya 90, barirukanywe na reta mu ntumbero yo gukingira inguge ziba mu mashamba amwe na bo.

Eric Tumuhairwe, ari mw'ishirahamwe ry'abatwa muri Uganda agira ati: "Nshaka gusubira mu buzima twahora tubamwo."

Intumbero yiwe n'ugusubirana ubutaka bw'abasokuru

Ivyegeranyo bitangwa n'ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU abantu bababa imiriyaridi 1.6 - harimwo n'abasangwabutaka bababa imiliyoni 70 - bifashisha amashamba kugira babeho.

Umurwi w'abahinga kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe uvuga ko ihonywa ry'amashamba bituma ibice 17% vy'ivyuka vy'ubumara vyisuka mu kirere.

Ukwirukanwa kw'abo batwa mu ntumbero yo gukingira ibikoko n'ibidukikije, nk'uko bivugwa n'umushakashatsi Guillaume Blanc, ni ingaruka ry'iragi ry'abakoroni. Ubukoloni bw'icatsi kibisi.

Ubukoloni bw'icatsi kibisi n'iki?

Umushakashatsi w'umufaransa Guillaume Blanc, yanditse igitabo "The invention of green colonialism". Mu ntumbero yo kurangiza iciswe "Eden nyafrika", avuga ko ubukoloni bw'icatsi kibisi bwavuye mu ciyumviro co kuva ku bukoloni.

Kuri we ni nk'indoto ya "Afrika y'icatsi kibisi, y'isugi, ishamba cimeza ariko ribamwo abantu benshi, ryononwa cane rikwiye gukingirwa n'abanye Afrika".

Ibi rero bisigura iyirukanwa ry'abantu bose mu mashamba ashobora kuzohinduka imbuga kama nk'uko abandanya abivuga.

Uwo mushakashatsi agira ati: "Inyuma y'ubukoloni, ico gikorwa carabandanije. intumbero yarahindutse ariko agatima karacahari".

Ubu, nk'uko abivuga, ico ciyumviro cerekana "igikorwa c'amashirahamwe mpuzamakungu nka UNESCO, WWF ashaka kwigarurira Afrika ku nguvu."

Asigura ati: "Hakugerageza gutatura amatati ajanye n'ibidukikije nk'uko bikorwa i Buraya mu gufasha abarimyi n'aborozi bene ubutaka muri Afrika, ayo mashirahamwe agerageza kubakurako ubumuntu."

Blanc avuga ati: "Abarimyi n'aborozi ibihumbi n'ibihumbi barirukanwa mu mashamba, abandi nkabo bagacibwa ihadabu bakanapfungwa kubera barimye agataka canke baharagiye ibitungwa vyabo".

Mu 2019, ikigega mpuzamakungu kijejwe ibidukikije (WWF) baragirijwe gutanga amahera no gukorana n'abagwanya abahigi b'ibikoko boba barishe rubozo baranica abantu mu mbuga kama muri Aziya no muri Afrika, nk'uko biri mu matohoza yagizwe na Buzzfeed.

Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe gucungera amashamba ryariyemeje "gukora neza" inyuma y'ivyo vyagiriji vyo kutubahiriza agateka ka zina muntu.

Ariko, nk'uko bivugwa na Guillaume Blanc, ibihugu vya Afrika vyasigaranye impongore kama zashizweho mu gihe c'ubukoloni vyarabandanije gukora gutyo.

Basigaranye iryo ragi, nk'uko bivugwa n'uwo mwanditsi, kubera imvo z'ubutunzi kubera impongore kama ziza kurabwa n'abantu benshi, kuri vyo rero ni ku mpamvu y'amahera.

Blanc kandi avuga ko izo mpongore zituma "amareta ashira amabendera mu turere bitayorohera kugenzura".

Kurondera ubutaka bwa basokuru

Co kimwe n'abatwa, abasangwabutaka b'i Buziralo mu karere ka Kalehe mu gihugu ca Republika ya Demokrasi ya Congo bahora baba mu ruhongore kama rwa Kahuzi-Biega (PNKB), na bo nyene nyene barirukanywe ku butaka bwabo".

Philippe Libaku Kafundo yabwiye BBC ati: "Dushaka gusubira mu mashamba kuko ni bwo butaka bwacu. Ubu nta matongo tukigira, abantu bacu bamerewe nabi cane".

Mu 2018, aba Mbilikimo barashatse kugaruka muri PNKB.

Ariko ntivyagenze neza. Mu gihe rimwe na rimwe bagiriza kugira uruhigi rudakurikije amategeko, kenshi na kenshi baratana mu mitwe n'abajejwe gucungera amashamba muri PNKB.

Kafundo agira ati: "Abantu bacu batatu barafashwe barapfungwa bahuye n'abajejwe umutekano mw'ishamba bariko barakizura".

Abandanya agira ati: "Bafashwe nk'abagizi ba nabi bonona uruhongore kama rwa Kahuzi-Biega mu gihe bariko baraja aho bavukiye muri iryo shamba".

Bavugana na BBC, abarongoye uruhongore kama rwa Kahuzi-Biega batubwiye ko twokoresha inkuru yanditse ku rubuga rwabo rwa internet.

Ku rubuga rwa PNKB handitse ko mu kwezi kwa kabiri mu 2022, abajejwe gucungera amashamba mu gihugu (WCS) mu ruhongore rwa Kahuzi-Biega barerekanye uburyo bushasha butumbereye "guheba akarenganyo kahora gakorerwa abasangwabutaka, bafatwe neza kugira kabe akarorero mu kubungabungwa, hisunzwe agateka ka zina muntu.

Kuri urwo rubuga handitse hati: "Amasezerano yo gufashanya hagati y'ibisata vya reta n'ivyo abikorera utwabo yarateweko igikumu kugira ashire imbere " gutanguza uburyo bwo gusangira ku mugaragaro atawurushije uwundi inyungu, gushiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura ubutunzi kama bijanye n'imico n'imigenzo, guhanahana ivyiyumviro ku mico n'uburenganzira bw'abakoresha ishamba, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gusubiza hamwe hagati y'abatwa na reta mu kuvugana ibibabakiye no kurenganywa bagiye bakorerwa".

Uruhigi nta co rupfana no guhiga ibikoko aho utarekuriwe (Braconnage).

Franklin Bombwe ashinzwe igisata c'amategeko mu kigo kijejwe gufasha aba Mbilikimo n'abari mu ngorane zikome (CAMV).

Agira ati: "Ni ngombwa dutandukanye guhiga ahatarekuriwe n'amategeko n'uruhigi rw'abasangwabutaka, bisigura ko bakenera ibikoko bito bito kugira babeho, ivyo bikaba bidasigura ko kwonoza ibiterwa kugira barye."

Hakubangamira ibidukikije, nk'uko abandanya abivuga, imico n'akaranga vy'abasangwabutaka birahimiriza kubibungabunga.

Kubwa Kafundo n'umuryango wiwe, kuronswa ubutaka bwa basokuru babo n'ikintu gikomeye cane kuri bo. Hanze y'amashamba, ubuzima bwabo bwarabangamiwe cane.

Yidoga agira ati: "Hari kandi n'imiti twebwe abatwa turondera mw'ishamba, tutari mw'ishamba rero, ntidushobora kuyironka no kuyibungabunga.

"Ni mw'ishamba kandi abatwa bashobora kwerekana imico n'imigenzo vyabo".

Ukwinengesera ku buzima bw'abasangwabutaka

Amashirahamwe nk'irya Francklin Bombwe, CAMV, aragabisha ku buzima bw'abasangwabutaka birukanywe ku butaka bwabo.

Bombwe avuga ati: "Ubu baba mu bigwati bibakira kandi nta kintu na kimwe bafise. Nta mfungurwa, nta butaka kandi ntibazi no kurima."

Abatwa bahora batunzwe no guhiga hamwe no kwamura ivyamwa/imbuto mw'ishamba ubu biba ngombwa ko barondera ubuzi kugira bashobore kubaho.

Bombwe asigura ati: "Abatwa n'ishamba ry'abasokuru babo ni ibintu bibiri bibiri bifitaniye ubucuti bwa hafi. Kuri bo ni mw'ishamba bashobora kuronka imfungurwa vyoroshe, ubu akaba atari ko bimeze."

Kugira bafungure, rimwe na rimwe bakorera abandi ku musi ku musi. Kubwa Franklin Bombwe, kuba batize bisigura ko "agashahara kabo ari gato, urumva rero ko badashobora kuronka ivyo bipfuza vyose".

Ariko ishirahamwe ryiwe rirabandanya kubavugira kugira haboneke inyishu nziza ku mpande zose.

Ubu Kafundo n'abo akomokamwo babandanya basaba uburenganzira bwabo bwo kwishira n'ukwizana ku butaka bwa basokuru babo.

Ico bipfuza gusumba vyose, n'uko n'imiburiburi igice c'uruhongore kama rwa PNKB bagisubizwa kugira bashobore kubaho nk'uko ba sokuru babo babayeho.