Uko Abirabura b'Abanyamerika barimo kugaruka muri Afurika gutura ku nkomoko yabo

Ni abirabura b'Abanyamerika bagaruka muri Afurika gushakisha no gutura kuri uyu mugabane w'abasekuru babo no gutanga umusanzu mu iterambere ry'ibihugu bakomokamo.

Kugaruka gutura kuri bamwe muri bo bituma bashakisha kurushaho kumenya imizi yabo. Ibyo bihera akenshi ku gupima uturemangingo twabo.

Atewe akanyabugabo no guhamagara kw'uwahoze ari perezida wa Ghana Nana Akufo-Ado, wasabye Abanyafurika baba mu mahanga gusura iki gihugu, AdaEze Naja Njoku, wahoze mu ngabo za Amerika yahise asingiraayo mahirwe.

Agira ati: "Nifuzaga kumenya inkomoko yanjye. Maze kubona ibisubizo byanjye [bya DNA/ADN], nahise niyemeza kujya muri Afurika vuba. Nabanje gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse mbere yo kwerekeza muri Cameroun. Nafashe urugendo mu 2010."

Uyu mugore avuga ko byari "ugusubira imuhira" kandi yari yizeye ko umuhungu we wari ufite ibyumweru bitandatu yajyanye muri Cameroun, ari ho azatangirira ubuzima.

Ati: "Nakiriwe neza bidasanzwe. Umuryango wanjye mushya wanshinze gushaka abandi duhuje ibisekuru no kubagarura imuhira."

Naja yafashe uru rugendo afatanyije na Roots to Glory, ishyirahamwe rikorera muri leta ya Maryland muri Amerika, rifasha abirabura, by'umwihariko abakomoka ku bacakara, kumenya bene wabo n'aho bakomoka muri Afurika.

Ati: "Byamfashe imyaka irindwi kugira ngo mbona babyara banjye none ubu mfite 30. Bambwiye amateka y'imiryango yabo. Mfite imizi mu ba Ibo, Peul n'aba Yoruba.

"Nabonye kimwe mu byaburaga mu mateka n'ubuzima bwanjye. Ababyeyi banjye bashya bampamagara buri cyumweru ngo bamenye amakuru yanjye. Bampa icyanga nyacyo cy'umuryango".

Dr Obadele Kambon yagiye gutura muri Ghana mu 2008 kandi ntabwo yigeze yicuza.

Uyu munyamerikayavuye muri Amerika nyuma yo gukorerwa igikorwa cy'ivanguramoko, agikorewe n'abapolisi.

Kambon yatawe muri yombi acirwa urubanza muri Chicago– aho yabaga – nyuma yo gushinjwa gufatanwa imbunda irimo amasasu munsi y'intebe y'imodoka ye no gushaka kurasa atwaye.

Mu by'ukuri, avuga ko yari afite imbunda mu modoka ye atayifitiye uburenganzira, yakoreshaga mu kurinda aho yakoreraga 'camping'.

Nyuma yo kugirwa umwere n'urukiko, Dr Kambon n'umuryango we bahise bimukira i Accra muri Ghana bahunze kugirirwa nabi na polisi n'urundi rugomo rushingiye ku ivanguramoko muri Amerika, nk'uko abivuga.

Kambon, yibuka uburyo icyo gihe yarahiye ko atazongera kuba muri Amerika, igihugu yavukiyemo. Ati: "Sinzongera kuba ahantu abapolisi n'abacamanza b'abazungu bamunzwe na ruswa bambuza kubana n'umuryango wanjye, umugore wanjye n'abana banjye."

Kambon ubu yubatse ubuzima bumeze neza, avuga ko abayeho mu bwisanzure, ikintu avuga ko atagiraga muri Amerika.

Kuva mu 2012 Roots to Glory yashingwa, iri shyirahamwe rimaze kwakira abantu amagana bagiye mu bihugu bya Afurika y'iburengerazuba no hagati gusubira ku nkomoko yabo.

Iryo shyirahamwe rifasha abirabura b'Abanyamerika, by'umwihariko abakomoka ku bacakara bajyanywe muri Amerika, kumenya no guhura n'imiryango yabo iba muri Afurika

Ada Anagho Brown washinze iri shyirahamwe yabwiye BBC ati: "Natangije Roots to Glory kuko nari nzi ko abantu bashaka kumenya aho bakomoka nyuma yo gukora ibipimo bya ADN.

"Njye nkomoka muri Cameroun kandi nakuriye muri Amerika kuva ndi umwana. Igihe cyose nakunze umuco, by'umwihariko umuco wa Afurika. Numva ndi mu mayirabiri y'umuco wa Afurika n'uwa Amerika, kandi numva neza iyo mico yombi.

"Rero byari bindimo gufasha abantu kumenya imizi yabo n'amateka, kugira ngo bihuze n'umurage wabo biciye mu kazi dukora uyu munsi. Ibyo dukora byose bigamije gufasha abantu kumenya abo ari bo."

Ada Anagho abona akazi Roots to Glory ikora ari nko gusana ibyangiritse mu myaka myinshi cyane ishize.

Ati: "Dufasha abantu kongera kubona inkomoko yabo, kandi ibyo biri mu gusana. Dufasha abantu gusubirana amazina yabo, amazina bambuwe ubwo abasekuru babo bamburwaga ayabo. Nabyo ni ugusana."

Ada avuga ko bafasha aba banyamerikano kumenya imico y'ibihugu bakomokamo irimo kwambara, guteka n'ibindi.

Ati: "Ni ngombwa ko abantu bacu muri 'diaspora' bamenya umugabane wa Afurika n'imico yawo."

Ada avuga ko aba banyafurika b'abirabura bifuza kubona imiryango ibana nyabyo, yumvikana nta gucirana imanza, kandi irangwa n'urukundo n'ikaze.

Agira ati: "Mfite ikizere ko nidusubira ku mugabane, twe nk'Abanyafurika tuzaba dukomeye, kandi dushobora gutanga umusanzu mu guteza imbere Afurika."

Abarenga 8,000 babonye inkomoko yabo muri Afurika

Roots to Glory ivuga ko biciye mu gupima ADN, abirabura b'Abanyamerika barenga 8,000 bamaze kubona inkomoko zabo mu bihugu bya Ghana, Bénin, Nigéria, Libéria, Sierra Leone, na Cameroun.

Benshi bavuga ibyababayeho nk'ibyishimo byo gutaha imuhira, gusobanukirwa umuco wawe no gukanguka kwa roho.

Gupimwa ADN ibisubizo bigasuzumwa ku bantu bo muri Afurika mu gushakisha inkomoko, byongereye umubare w'abirabura bakomoka muri Afurika bashaka kumenya ibisekuru byabo, ibihugu bakomokamo, na bene wabo bo kuri uyu mugabane.

Kubera amateka yayo ahari icyambu gikomeye cyakorerwagaho ubucuruzi bw'abacakara, Ghana ni intambwe y'ingenzi y'aba birabura bashaka inkomoko yabo muri Afurika.

Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 16 na 18, abanyafurika ibihumbi za mirongo bagizwe abacakara bacishwaga ahantu nka château d'Elmina, ahantu ha nyuma hafungirwaga abacakara mbere yo kurizwa amato bakajyanwa muri Amerika ya ruguru n'iy'epfo.

Mu 2000, Ghana yabaye igihugu cya mbere muri Afurika cyemeje itegeko riha uburenganzira bwo gutura bihoraho ku bantu bakomoka muri Afurika.

Nibura abirabura b'Abanyamerika bagera ku 3,000 baje gutura muri Ghana kuva mu 2019 nyuma y'ubukangurambaga bwa leta ya Ghana bise "Umwaka wo gutaha".

Uwo mwaka wari uhuriranye n'isabukuru y'imyaka 400 y'Abanyafurika ba mbere bagizwe abacakara bageze i Jamestown muri Virginia muri Amerika.

Miliyoni 47 z'Abanyafurika b'abirabura baba muri Amerika

Inyigo y'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi cyo muri Amerika Pew Research Center, yatangajwe mu 2023, ivuga ko mu 2021 umubare w'abirabura b'Abanyamerika babaga muri Amerika bari miliyoni 47,2.

Gusa umubare w'urubyiruko rw'abirabura bakomeje gusura no gushaka inkomoko yabo ku butaka bw'abasokuru babo muri Afurika na wo ugenda wiyongera, bifuza kumenya neza inkomoko y'abasekuru babo isigaye ubu.

Ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, kivuga ko abanyafurika bagera ku 388,000 bavanywe muri Afurika bakajya kugurishwa nk'abacakara ahatandukanye muri Amerika y'epfo n'iya ruguru.