'Perezida ucyennye cyane' ku isi, José Mujica wo muri Uruguay, yapfuye

José Mujica wahoze ari Perezida wa Uruguay, uzwi nka "Pepe", yapfuye ku myaka 89.

Uyu wahoze ari inyeshyamba, yategetse Uruguay guhera mu mwaka wa 2010 kugeza mu 2015, ndetse yari azwi nka "perezida wa mbere ucyennye cyane" ku isi kubera imibereho ye yoroheje.

Ku rubuga nkoranyambaga X, Perezida wa Uruguay w'ubu, Yamandú Orsi, yatangaje urupfu rw'uwo wamubanjirije ku butegetsi, ati: "Urakoze ku bintu byose waduhaye no ku bw'urukundo rwimbitse rwawe ku baturage bawe."

Icyateye urupfu rwe ntikizwi ariko yari amaze igihe arwaye kanseri yo mu muhogo.

Kubera uburyo bworoheje yabagaho nka perezida, ukunenga kwe kw'imibereho yo kwigwizaho ibintu hamwe n'amavugurura yashyizeho mu mibereho – urugero, yatumye Uruguay iba igihugu cya mbere cyemeye mu mategeko ikoreshwa ry'urumogi mu buryo bw'imyidagaduro – Mujica yahindutse umunyapolitike uzwi cyane muri Amerika y'Epfo n'ahandi ku isi.

Kwamamara kwe ku isi ni ikintu kidasanzwe kuri perezida wa Uruguay, igihugu gituwe n'abaturage miliyoni 3.4, aho umurage we hari n'impaka wateje.

Mu by'ukuri, nubwo benshi bakundaga kubona Mujica nk'umuntu uri hanze y'icyiciro cy'abari muri politike, si ko byari bimeze.

Yavuze ko gukunda politike kwe, ndetse no gukunda ibitabo n'ubuhinzi, yabirazwe na nyina, wamurereye mu rugo rw'ab'amikoro ari hagati na hagati, mu murwa mukuru Montevideo.

Akiri umusore, Mujica yari umurwanashyaka w'ishyaka rya 'National Party', rimwe mu mashyaka amaze igihe akomeye muri politike ya Uruguay, ryaje guhinduka ishyaka ritavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bwe ryo mu murongo w'ibitekerezo byo hagati na hagati (ryigengesera) mu guharanira impinduka.

Mu myaka ya 1960, yafashije mu gushinga umutwe w'inyeshyamba wavugaga ko uharanira kubohora igihugu, witwa 'Tupamaros National Liberation Movement' (MLN-T), umutwe uharanira impinduka warwanaga intambara yo kugaba ibitero-shuma ('guerrilla') mu mujyi, ugashimuta abantu ndetse ukica n'abandi, nubwo we yakomeje kuvuga ko atigeze yica umuntu n'umwe.

Ufatiye urugero ku mpinduramatwara ya Cuba hamwe na politike yo gusaranganya umutungo w'igihugu yari iriho mu mahanga, umutwe wa MLN-T watangije igikorwa cyo kurwanya mu ibanga ubutegetsi bwa Uruguay, icyo gihe bwari bwemewe n'itegekonshinga ndetse bushingiye kuri demokarasi, nubwo abashakaga impinduka babushinjaga kugenda burushaho kuba ubw'igitugu.

Muri icyo gihe, Mujica yafashwe inshuro enye. Muri imwe muri izo nshuro, mu mwaka wa 1970, yarashwe amasasu atandatu ndetse habuze gato ngo apfe.

Yatorotse gereza inshuro ebyiri, muri imwe muri zo yanyuze mu muyoboro wo munsi y'ubutaka ari kumwe n'izindi mfungwa 105 zo mu mutwe wa MLN-T. Byabaye kumwe mu gutoroka gereza kw'abantu benshi cyane mu mateka ya gereza muri Uruguay.

Ubwo igisirikare cya Uruguay cyahirikaga ubutegetsi mu mwaka wa 1973, cyamushyize mu itsinda ry'"abashimuswe icyenda", gikangisha ko kiri bubice niba inyeshyamba zikomeje ibitero byazo.

Mu gihe cy'imyaka irenga 14 yamaze muri gereza mu myaka ya 1970 no mu myaka ya 1980, yakorewe iyicarubozo ndetse igihe kinini muri icyo yakimaze mu mibereho mibi anafungiye ahantu ha wenyine, kugeza ubwo yafungurwaga mu mwaka wa 1985, ubwo Uruguay yasubiraga mu butegetsi bwa demokarasi.

Yakundaga kuvuga ko mu gihe yamaze muri gereza, yabaye mu busazi we ubwe, akishyiramo ibintu bitari ukuri ariko we akibwira ko ari ukuri ndetse akajya anavugisha ibimonyo.

Avuga ko umunsi yafunguweho ari wo w'ibyishimo byinshi cyane yagize mu buzima bwe, ati: "Kuba perezida nta cyo byari bivuze ugereranyije n'ibyo."

Kuva mu bunyeshyamba akaba perezida

Nyuma y'imyaka micye amaze kurekurwa, yabaye umudepite aba na senateri mu nteko ishingamategeko.

Mu mwaka wa 2005, yabaye minisitiri muri leta ya mbere y'urugaga 'Frente Amplio' ruharanira impinduka muri Uruguay, nyuma yaho aba perezida wa Uruguay mu mwaka wa 2010.

Icyo gihe yari afite imyaka 74, ndetse, ahandi ku isi, ntiyari yakamenyekanye.

Gutorwa kwe kwabaye igihe cy'ingenzi muri Amerika y'Epfo ku bo mu murongo w'ibitekerezo byo guharanira impinduka, icyo gihe bari basanzwe bakomeye kuri uwo mugabane.

Mujica yabaye Perezida mu gihe kimwe n'abandi bategetsi bo muri uwo murongo w'ibitekerezo, nka Perezida Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva muri Brezili na Hugo Chávez muri Venezuela.

Ariko Mujica yategetse mu buryo bwe bwihariye, inshuro nyinshi agaragaza ibishoboka mu ngiro no gushira amanga, nkuko abakurikiranira hafi politike babivuga.

Ku butegetsi bwe, mu gihe muri rusange ibintu byari bimeze neza ku isi, ubukungu bwa Uruguay muri rusange bwiyongeraga ku kigero cya 5.4% buri mwaka, ubucyene buragabanuka ndetse n'ubushomeri bukomeza kuba ku kigero cyo hasi.

Uruguay yanashishikaje isi kubera amategeko ajyanye n'imibereho, inteko ishingamategeko yemeje muri iyo myaka, nk'itegeko ryemera gukuramo inda, itegeko ryemera gushyingiranwa kw'abantu b'igitsina kimwe (banazwi nk'abatinganyi), no kugenzura kwa leta kw'isoko ry'urumogi.

Mu gihe cye ku butegetsi, Mujica yanze kwimuka ngo ajye kuba mu ngoro ya perezida (inzu nini y'agatangaza), nkuko ubusanzwe abaperezida batandukanye ku isi babigenza bakimuka.

Ahubwo yagumanye n'umugore we – umunyapolitike wahoze ari inyeshyamba witwa Lucía Topolansky – mu rugo rwabo rworoheje ruri mu nkengero y'umujyi wa Montevideo, nta mukozi wo mu rugo bafite, hamwe n'abashinzwe umutekano bacye.

Ibi byiyongereye ku kuba yarahoraga yambaye imyenda isanzwe (itari iyo kurimbana), akenshi akabonwa atwaye imodoka ye y'ubururu bwerurutse yo mu bwoko bwa '1987 Volkswagen Beetle' ndetse igice kinini cy'umushahara we yacyiheraga abantu, bituma ibitangazamakuru bimwe bimwita "perezida wa mbere ucyennye cyane ku isi".

Ariko buri gihe Mujica yangaga kwitwa gutyo. Mu kiganiro twagiranye mu rugo iwe mu mwaka wa 2012, yarambwiye ati: "Baravuga ngo ndi perezida wa mbere ucyennye cyane. Oya, si byo.

"Abacyene ni abashaka ibirenzeho [...] kuko baba bari mu irushanwa ritagira iherezo."

Nubwo Mujica yabaga ashishikariza kwizirika umukanda, leta ye yongereye cyane amafaranga ikoresha, bituma leta irushaho gukoresha amafaranga menshi kurusha ayo yinjiza ndetse bituma abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bwe bamushinja gusesagura.

Mujica yananenzwe kunanirwa guhangana n'ibibazo by'uburezi bigenda byiyongera muri Uruguay, nubwo yari yarasezeranyije ko ku butegetsi bwe uburezi buzaba ikintu cyihutirwa cyane cyo kwitabwaho.

Ariko, bitandukanye n'abandi bategetsi bo muri ako karere, ntiyigeze na rimwe ashinjwa ruswa cyangwa kubangamira demokarasi y'igihugu cye.

Ku musozo w'ubutegetsi bwe, Mujica yari akunzwe mu gihugu cye ku kigero kiri hejuru (kigera hafi kuri 70%) ndetse atorerwa kuba senateri, ariko nyuma yo kuva ku buperezida yanamaze kimwe mu gihe cye atembera mu bice bitandukanye ku isi.

Mbere yo kuva ku butegetsi, yasubije amaso inyuma ati: "Rero ni iki gishishikaza isi? Ko mbeshwaho na bicye cyane, inzu yoroheje, no kuba ntwara imodoka ishaje? Niba ari ibyo rero iyi isi yarasaze [irarwaye] kuko itungurwa n'ibisanzwe."

Mujica yaretse politike mu mwaka wa 2020 nubwo yakomeje kuba umuntu ufite ijambo rikomeye muri Uruguay.

Uwamusimbuye ubonwa nk'uri muri uwo murongo wa politike, Yamandú Orsi, yatowe nka Perezida wa Uruguay mu Gushyingo (11) mu mwaka wa 2024, ndetse itsinda rye ryo mu rugaga 'Frente Amplio' ryabonye imyanya ya mbere myinshi cyane mu nteko ishingamategeko, kuva iki gihugu gisubiye muri demokarasi.

Mu mwaka ushize, Mujica yatangaje ko arwaye kanseri, ndetse gukomoza ku myaka ye no kuvuga ko byanze bikunze urupfu rwe rwari ruri hafi, byarushijeho kwiyongera – ariko buri gihe yemeraga iherezo nk'ikintu gisanzwe, nta kubikabiriza.

Mu kiganiro cya nyuma yagiranye na BBC mu Gushyingo (11) mu mwaka ushize, yagize ati: "Umuntu aba abizi ko urupfu rudashobora kwirindwa. Ndetse wenda ni nk'umunyu w'ubuzima."