Umunsi nk'uyu mu 1993 amasezerano ya Arusha yarasinywe
Ahavuye isanamu, Amasezerano ya Arusha
Ingingo ya mbere y'aya masezerano y'amahoro yagiraga iti: "Harangijwe intambara hagati ya guverinoma ya repubulika y'u Rwanda na Front Patriotique Rwandais (FPR)". Impande zombi ibyo zemeje si byo zakoze.
Aya masezerano yari yarabanjirijwe n'ibindi biganiro n'amasezerano menshi hagati y'ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana n'abahoze ari inyeshyamba za FPR- Inkotanyi.
FPR-Inkotanyi yari yarateye u Rwanda iharanira itahuka ry'impunzi z'Abanyarwanda, nk'imwe mu mpamvu nkuru zayo z'intambara ku Rwanda.
Inama y'i Mwanza muri Tanzania yo ku wa 17/10/1990, inama y'i Goma muri Zaïre yo ku wa 20/11/1990, inama yo muri Zanzibar tariki 17/2/1991, zari zigamije guhuza impande zombi nyuma y'uko intambara itangiye ku ya 01/10/1990.
Hasinywe amasezerano yo guhagarika intambara (cessez-le-feu) y'i N'sele muri Zaïre ku wa 29/03/1991, ay'i Gbadolite muri Zaïre yo ku wa 16/09/1991, ay'i Arusha ya tariki ya 12/07/1992 n'ayandi.
Aya yose yari mu muhate wo guhuza ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda n'umutwe wa FPR-Inkotanyi ngo bahagarike intambara.
Hagati aho, intambara ntiyahagaze, yagendaga iba hato na hato mu bice by'amajyaruguru y'u Rwanda aho ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zari zarateye ziturutse. Ibihumbi by'abantu bavuye mu byabo.
Amasezerano akomeye yasinywe ku wa gatatu tariki 04/08/1993 i Arusha ahari hamaze igihe habera inama zihuza impande zombi.
Yavugaga iki?
Ingingo ya gatatu y'aya masezerano yavugaga ko impande zombi zemeranyije ko itegekonshinga ry'u Rwanda ryo mu 1991 hamwe n'aya masezerano ari byo bigize itegeko rikuru rigenga igihugu mu gihe cy'inzibacyuho kizamara amezi 22, nyuma hakaba amatora rusange.
Ingingo ya gatandatu yarebaga igabana ry'ubutegetsi, yemeje ko Faustin Twagiramungu (wapfuye mu 2023) aba Minisitiri w'intebe mu nzibacyuho (imfatakibanza mu Kirundi).
Ko muri minisiteri 21 zigize guverinoma, ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi MRND rihabwa minisiteri eshanu, FPR igahabwa eshanu, ishyaka ritavuga rumwe na leta rikomeye MDR rigahabwa enye na minisiteri y'intebe, andi mashyaka agabanywa minisiteri zisigaye.
Aya masezerano yagombaga gushyirwa mu bikorwa bitarenze iminsi 37 nkuko ingingo ya karindwi yayo yabiteganyaga.
Ingingo ya gatanu yavugaga ko impande zombi ziyemeje gukora ibishoboka byose aya masezerano agashyirwa mu bikorwa, kandi zigaharanira ubumwe n'ubwiyunge by'Abanyarwanda.
Aya masezerano yashyizweho umukono imbere y'abagabo:
- Umuhuza, Ali Hassan Mwinyi, Perezida wa Tanzania;
- Perezida Yoweri Museveni wa Uganda nk'indorerezi;
- Perezida Melchior Ndadaye w'u Burundi nk'indorerezi;
- Faustin Birindwa, Minisitiri w'intebe wa Zaïre wari uhagarariye umuhuza Perezida Mobutu Sese Seko;
- Dr Salim Ahmed Salim, umunyamabanga mukuru wa OUA (yaje kuba African Union);
- N'abari bahagarariye ONU, Ubudage, Ububiligi, Ubufaransa, Amerika, Nigeria na Zimbabwe.
Aho abagabo basezeraniye….
Mu Kinyarwanda 'ni ho bahurira'. Muri politiki…
Tariki 05/10/1993 inama ishinzwe umutekano ku isi mu muryango w'abibumbye yatoye umwanzuro 872 wemeje ishyirwaho ry'ingabo ziyobowe (mu rwego rwa politike) na Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh ziswe MINUAR, zihabwa ubutumwa bwo guhagarikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'aya masezerano.
Mu 1992, Perezida Habyarimana yari yaratangaje ko amasezerano ari gutegurwa i Arusha ari "impapuro gusa", nkuko bivugwa na André Guichaoua, umuhanga mu mibanire y'abantu (sociologie) wakurikiraga iby'akarere k'ibiyaga bigari.
Guichaoua yongeyeho ko icyo gihe Habyarimana yananenze abatavuga rumwe na we ku kuba baranze ko habaho amatora, ndetse ko kuba Habyarimana yaravuze ko ayo masezerano yari "impapuro gusa" bitari bisobanuye ko atari ayashyigikiye, ko ahubwo yari yizeye kuzatsinda amatora rusange nyuma yaho, ndetse akarushaho kugira ijambo mu gihugu.
Mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo, tariki 28/12/1993 FPR yohereje abasirikare 600 i Kigali ku ngoro yitwaga iya CND (ingoro y'inteko ubu), bagiye kurinda abanyapolitiki bayo nk'uko byateganywaga n'ayo masezerano.
Aya masezerano ntiyashyizwe mu ngiro mu gihe cyari giteganyijwe, impande zombi zatunganye urutoki ku kubangamira iyubahirizwa ryayo.
Tariki 06/04/1994 indege yari ivuye i Dar es Salaam muri Tanzania itwaye Perezida Habyarimana na Cyprien Ntaryamira w'u Burundi, n'abandi, yahanuwe n'igisasu iri kururuka ku kibuga cy'indege cy'i Kanombe i Kigali, bapfa bose.
Perezida Habyarimana yari yasubiye muri Tanzania nk'intambwe ya nyuma ijyanye no gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y'amahoro ya Arusha.
Ihanurwa ry'indege y'uyu mutegetsi kugeza n'ubu ntirivugwaho rumwe n'uruhande rwari rushyigikiye ubutegetsi bwe n'uruhande rwa FPR rwamurwanyaga.
Intambara hagati ya FPR-Inkotanyi n'ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda yarasubukuye byeruye, ariko hanatangira gukorwa jenoside.
Amasezerano ya Arusha yari amaze amezi hafi 10 asinywe ahera mu mpapuro. Bimwe mu bikubiye muri aya masezerano byakurikijwe nyuma y'uko FPR-Inkotanyi ifashe ubutegetsi.
