Kugura ibirwanisho: Ibihugu 10 vya mbere bigura ibirwanisho vyinshi muri Afrika yo musi ya Sahara

Naho ibirwanisho vyinjira muri Afrika vyagabanutse ku rugero rwa 41 %, nk'uko biri mu cegeranyo c'Ikigo mpuzamakungu c'ubushakashatsi ku mahoro Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), casubiwemwo kw'igenekerezo rya 9 Ntwarante(3) riheze, Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara iracarangwa n'uguhiganwa gukomeye mu kugura ibirwanisho.

Ng'ibi ibihugu 10 vya mbere vyo muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubugaragwa bwa Sahara vyinjiza ibirwanisho vyinshi, muri 42 biri ku rutonde rwa SIPRI.

Nigeria, Senegal na Mali biri mu bihugu vya mbere bitumiza hanze ibirwanisho vyinshi, ivyo bikaba bituma aka karere gashikira ibice 13 % vy'isoko ry'ivyo birwanisho, nk'uko SIPRI ibivuga.

Urwo rutonde rw'ibihugu 10 rwashizweho hisunzwe inyishu zatanzwe n'umuhinga Dr Mathew George, atwara umugambi ukurikirana iyunguruzwa ry'ibirwanisho muri SIPRI.

Ibiharuro vyashingiye ku bipimo vya TIV (Trend Indicator Values, mu mamiliyoni z'amadorari) biri mucugeranyo ca SIPRI citwa "Tendances des transferts internationaux d'armes" co hagati y'umwaka 2021 na 2025.

1. Nigeria

Nigeria ifatwa nk'iyiri hejuru ata guhiganwa mu karere ka Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara, ifise 16 % vy'ibirwanisho vyinjijwe muri ako karere, bifise agaciro kagera kuri miliyoni 532,4 z'ibipimo vya TIV.

Ibikoresho vya gisirikare yinjiza cane bigizwe n'indege z'intambara, kajugujugu, imodoka zikingiye z'intambara, misile zirwanya ibimodoka vy'indwano, ubwato bwa gisirikare hamwe n'ama "drones".

Nigeria ironka ibirwanisho bivuye mu bihugu bitandukanye nka Turkey, Koreya y'Epfo, Ubushinwa, Ubuholandi, Ubufaransa, Ubutaliyano, Brezile, Amerika, Uburusiya, Afurika y'Epfo, Pakistan, canada, Arabie Saoudite, Otrish, na Maleziya.

Ico gihugu giserukira ica gatandatu (1/6) c'ibirwanisho vyose vyinjizwa muri Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara.

2. Sénégal

Senegal yaragize iterambere rigaragara mu kwongerereza ubushobozi bwayo bwa gisirikare, ishira amafaranga angana na miliyoni 298,46 z'ibipimo vya TIV, bingana na 8,8 % vy'ibirwanisho vyinjizwa n'ibihugu vya Afrika yo munsi ya Sahara.

Ubu ibaye igihugu ca kabiri kigura ibirwanisho vyinshi, biciye mu kugura ubwato bw'intambara (amato atera misile hamwe n'ubwato bucungera amazi) bugenewe gucungera ikiyaga n'inyanja kubera ibikorwa vyo gucukura gaz na peteroli biri kure y'inkombe, hamwe n'indege zo gucungera ikirere, mu gihe ibibazo vy'umutekano biriko biriyongera.

Senegal yaraguze kandi misile ziraswa ubwato, imodoka z'intambara zikingiwe hamwe n'ibirwanisho bitandukanye.

Abatanga ibirwanisho nyamukuru muri Senegal ni Ubufaransa, Bulugariya, Ubushinwa, Afurika y'Epfo, Indonéziya, Danemark, Ubutaliyano, Ubudagi, Amerika, Uturukiya, Espagne na Canada.

3. Mali

Igisirikare ca Mali (FAMA) na co nyene caragize ukwiyongera kwihuta cane kuva mu mwaka wa 2020.

Uku kwiyongera kw'ubushobozi bwa gisirikare kwatewe n'impamvu zitandukanye zijanye n'intambara irwanya imigwi yitwaje ibirwanisho.

Uwo mugambi watumye Mali iba igihugu ca gatatu cinjiza ibirwanisho vyinshi muri Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara, ishira amafaranga angana na miliyoni 272,17 z'ibipimo vya TIV, bingana n'ibice 8 % vy'ibirwanisho vyinjizwa muri Afurika.

Twobamenyesha kandi ko Mali yahisemwo guhindura abafatanyabikorwa bayo mu vya gisirikare, yifatanya n'Uburusiya inyuma y'ukutumvikana yagiranye n'Ubufaransa.

Mali yinjije imodoka z'intambara zikingiwe, imodoka zitwara abasirikare, indege, drones, ibirwanisho biremereye, misile n'ibindi.

Ico gihugu gihabwa ibirwanisho na Canada, Espagne, Uburusiya, Ubushinwa, Turkiya hamwe na Afurika y'Epfo.

4. Ethiopia

Kubera amatati ari muhira mu gihugu hagati ajanye n'intambara yo muri Tigré, Etiyopiya iriko irakoresha cane 'drones' hamwe n'ibikoresho vya gisirikare biremereye.

Yararonse ibirwanisho bitandukanye birimwo indege z'intambara, drones, ibirwanisho biremereye, imodoka z'intambara zikingiwe, imodoka zitwara abasirikare zikingiwe, indege z'imyimenyerezo canke z'intambara n'ibindi.

Etiyopiya yinjiza ibirwanisho bivuye mu Burusiya, Turukiya, Ubushinwa, Irani, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu hamwe na Bosniya, bifise agaciro kose kangana na miliyoni 172,85 z'ibipimo vya TIV.

5. Angola

Angola, igihugu camaze igihe kirekire mu ntambara, carakunze kugura ibirwanisho mu buryo busubiramwo mu myaka itanu iheze.

Kubera ibirwanisho yinjiza bingana n'ibice hafi 4,7 %, Angola ishira imbere ugucungera amazi yayo hamwe no kugenzura ikirere cayo.

Angola yaraguze ubwato acungera amazi, imoteri z'indege hamwe n'ubwato bunini yo kumanura abasirikare n'ibikoresho, bifise agaciro kose kangana na miliyoni 160,3 z'ibipimo vya TIV.

Ico gihugu gihabwa ibirwanisho na Espagne, Bielorusiya, Ubufaransa hamwe na Canada.

6. Kenya

Kubera umutekano utifashe neza mu bice bimwe mu gihugu, Kenya iracafise ibibazo vy'umutekano hafi y'imbibe zayo, ahanini kubera ukwiyongera kw'ubugizi bwa nabi hamwe n'umugwi witwaje ibirwanisho wa Al-Shabaab, cane cane mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko, mu karere k'inkombe hamwe no mu murwa mukuru Nairobi.

Mu guhangana n'ivyo bibazo, igihugu cinjije ibirwanisho bingana na 4,10 %, bifise agaciro kose ka miliyoni 140,62 z'ibipimo vya TIV.

Kenya yaraguze imodoka zitwara abasirikare zikingiwe, indege, misile zo mu kirere zirasa izindi ndege ziri kure, drones zo mu bwoko bwa Bayraktar TB-2, hamwe n'ubwoko butandukanye bwa kajugujugu harimwo iza Hugues-500D.

Abaha Kenya ibirwanisho ni Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu, Ubudagi, Isirayeli, Turukiya, Amerika hamwe na Koreya y'Epfo.

7. Mauritania

Naho Moritania iri mu bihugu bifise umutekano uri ku rugero rwiza mu karere ka Sahel, irafise ibikorwa vy'iterabwoba riva ku mbibe zayo zo mu buraruko no mu buseruko, hagati ya Alijeriya na Mali.

Moritaniya yinjije ibirwanisho bingana na 3,90 % vy'ibirwanisho vyinjizwa mu karere, bifise agaciro kose kangana na miliyoni 134,36 z'ibipimo vya TIV.

Ico gihugu cararonse misile zirwanya ibimodoka vy'intambara, imodoka zitwara abasirikare, imodoka zifasha mu gutanga umuriro w'intambara, uburyo bwo gutwara misile zirasa indege ziri hasi, uburyo bwo kwivuna ibitero vyo mu kirere, drones zo gukora ubushakashatsi hamwe n'imodoka z'intambara zikoreshwa mu gutohoza canke gutanga umuriro w'intambara.

8. Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso imaze imyaka myinshi ihanganye n'ibitero vy'imigwi y'aba "jihadistes" , vyatumye haba impfu nyinshi mu basivile no mu gisirikare, hamwe n'ukwimuka kw'abantu benshi, cane cane mu buraruko bw'igihugu.

Mu guhangana n'ivyo bibazo vy'umutekano, Burkina Faso yaraguze amabombe, misile, imodoka zitwara abasirikare zikingiwe, imodoka z'intambara zikingiwe, ibirwanisho, indege, kajugujugu z'intambara, ibirwanisho, drones zo mu bwoko bwa Bayraktar TB-2, ibikoresho birasa rokete nyinshi icarimwe hamwe n'imodoka zitwara abasirikare zikingiwe, bifise agaciro kose kangana na miliyoni 127,64 z'ibipimo vya TIV.

Ubushinwa, Canada, Misiri, Emira Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu, Turukiya, Espagne, Bulugariya hamwe na Afurika y'Epfo ni vyo bihugu nyamukuru Burkina Faso iguraho ibirwanisho.

9. Côte d'Ivoire

N'aho umutekano umeze neza mu bumanuko bw'igihugu, Côte d'Ivoire irabandanya gucungera uturere twayo two mu buraruko duhana imbibe na Burkina Faso na Mali, aho hama hari iterabwoba ry'imigwi y'aba jihadistes.

Ico gihugu cashikanye ku rugero rwa 3,50 % rw'ibirwanisho vyinjijwe biri ku rutonde rwa SIPRI, bingana n'agaciro ka miliyoni 120,33 z'ibipimo vya TIV.

Côte d'Ivoire yaraguze kajugujugu nto zo mu bwoko bwa AS-350 canke H-125, kajugujugu z'intambara zo mu bwoko bwa Mi-24V, imodoka zitwara abasirikare zikingiwe, imoteri z'imodoka, imodoka zifasha mu gutanga umuriro w'intambara hamwe n' ubwato bucungera amazi.

Afurika y'Epfo, Uturukiya, Bulugariya, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubushinwa, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu, Ubufaransa hamwe na Isirayeli ni vyo bihugu nyamukuru Côte d'Ivoire igurira ibirwanisho.

10. Rwanda

Urwanda rwarongereje ubushobozi mu kurinda ikirere cayo, aho ibirwanisho rwinjiza bingana na 3,50 % vy'ibirwanisho vyinjizwa n'ibihugu vya Afrika yo munsi ya Sahara.

Urwanda rwararonse kajugujugu z'intambara, kajugujugu nto, imodoka zitwara abasirikare zikingiwe, misile zo mu kirere zirasa izindi ndege ziri hafi hamwe n'uburyo bwo gutwara misile zirasa indege ziri hasi bifise agaciro kose ka miliyoni 118,73 z'ibipimo vya TIV.

Ico gihugu kigura ibirwanisho muri Turukiya, Ubushinwa, Uburusiya, Qatar hamwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (raporo yasohotse imbere y'uko Amerika ifatira ibihano Urwanda birimwo no kutagura intwaro muri ico gihugu).

Mu bijanye n'ubwinshi bw'ibirwanisho vyinjijwe, Sudani, igihugu kiri mu ntambara, ikurikira n'agaciro ka miliyoni 115,02 z'ibipimo vya TIV.

Republika ya Demokarasi ya Kongo (RDC), yashoye hafi miliyoni 110,9 z'ibipimo vya TIV.

Niger, kimwe mu bihugu biri mu Ihuriro ry'Ibihugu vya Sahel, kiri mu rugamba rwo kurwanya iterabwoba ry'aba jihadistes, na yo yashoye miliyoni 76,54 z'ibipimo vya TIV.

Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni zo ziza imbere muri rusangi mu kugurisha ibirwanisho muri Afrika (19 %)

Zigakurikirwa n'Ubushinwa (17 %)

Uburusiya (15 %),

Ubufaransa (8,3 %) na Brezile.

Ariko bikwiye kumenyekana ko Ubushinwa bwahaye 22 % vy'ibirwanisho vyinjijwe n'ibihugu 23 vya Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara hagati ya 2021 na 2025. Bukurikirwa n'Uburusiya bufise 12 % hamwe na Turukiya dufise 11 %.