Eritrea: Ihigwa ry’abatitaba akamo ko kuja ku rugamba

Teklemariam Bekit & Farouk Chothia

BBC News

Abategetsi muri Eritrea bakomeje igikorwa co kwegeranya abitaba urugamba kandi barahiga uwo wese atitavye akamo mu gihugu cose, mu gihe intambara muri Ethiopia bihana urubibe yongeye gukomera, nk’uko amasoko menshi muri Ethiopia yabibwiye BBC.

Imikwabu y’ubu vuba niyo ya mbere mibi kuko n’abagore ntibahawe agahengwe, aho n’abavyeyi b’abagore n’abagabo bageze mu za bukuru bafatwa bagapfungwa kugirango bahate abana babo, baba bagiye kwinyegeza bishikane, nk’uko bavuga.

Bavuze ariko bemerewe kudashira ahabona umwidondoro wabo kuko Eritrea irimwo ubwisanzure buke aho reta igenzura hafi buri kintu cose c’ubuzima bw’abanyagihugu.

Eritrea yarungitse ingabo gufasha ingabo za Ethiopia kurwanya iz’intara ya Tigray mu buraruko bw’ico gihugu, intara isanzwe ihana urubibe na Eritrea.

Isoko rimwe rivuga ko “kubera hari benshi batitavye akamo, imikwabu yakomejwe” ryongerako ko abagore bafashwe bagapfungwa kubera abagabo babo bagerageje kutitaba ibikorwa vya gisirikare.

Bariyeri zarashinzwe ku mabarabara makuru makuru , ikuzako ryo gusaka naryo rikaba ririko riraba mu bisagara n’ibigwati.

Ku mugwa mukuru, Asmara, abantu bafatirwa mu mabarabara mu gihe mu gihugu hagati naho , abategetsi bagota ingo, bakanyaga ibitungwa canke bagatera ubwoba abo mu muryango mu gihe umuntu aronderwa atabonetse, nk’uko BBC yabwiwe.

BBC yarondeye reta ya Eritrea kugira hagire ico ibivuzeko.

Mu kwezi guheze, umushikiranganji ajejwe amakuru Yemane Gebremeskel yavuze ko “igitigiri gito cane” c’ingabo z’integabizoza ari bo bahamagawe, ahakana ko akamo karekeye abanyagihugu bose.

Iyo ntambara imaze hafi imyaka ibiri muri Tigray n’intara bihana urubibe hari abihweza ibintu n’ibindi bavuga ko ihitana abantu benshi kurusha intambara yo muri Ukraine.

Ariko ntigaragara mu binyamakuru cane nk’iyo muri Eritrea kuko reta za Eritrea na Ethiopia zibuza cane ingendo nayo imirongo ya gutumatumanako muri Tigray ikaba yaraciwe.

Umugambwe Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) ugenzura iyo ntara kandi ukaba ariwo urongoye iyo ntambara ugwana na reta mpuzamtara ya Ethiopia, nawo nyene ubu uri mw’isekeza ryo kurondera abaza kwongereza ingabo zawo.

Ivyo bibaye aho agahengwe kari karumvikanyweko kagwiriye mu mazi kamaze amezi atanu mu kwezi kw’umunani naryo ishihamwe rya Afrika rikananirwa no gutanguza ibiganiro.

Isoko muri Eritrea rivuga ko abategetsi bagerageza “gukora abantu ku mitima” mu manama n’abanyagihugu, aho bafatanya ukwisuka muri iyo ntambara “n’ukubaho hamwe n’ubutavogerwa vy’igihugu”, kandi bakavuga ko TPLF “itegerezwa guhambwa”.

Mu kwezi guheze, Eritrea yahamagaje ingabo z’integabizoza ku bafise munsi y’imyaka 55 hanyuma bamwe barungikwa ku rugamba.

Muri iyi minsi ya vuba, ingwano zaravuzwe mu turere twinshi two ku mupaka, harimwo Adigrat, Rama, Shiraro na Zalambesa.

Ariko abanya-Eritrea benshi baranse kwitaba ako kamo, bavuga ko badashaka gupfira mu co babona nk’intambara idakenewe.

Hari isoko ryavuze ko n’”abageze mu zabukuru nabo bahatiwe kwitaba urugamba mu turere twinship kuko ahenshi, igikorwa co kujana abantu mu bikorwa vya gisirikare giba ata mategeko akurikijwe”.

Umunya-Eritrea aba mu mahanga yashikirije impungenge afitiye uwo bavukana hamwe na muramuwe ku murwa mukuru Asmara.

Yavuze ko umugore w’uwo bavukana yahunze n’abana babo aja mu kigwati iyo abavyeyi biwe baba, ariko avuga ko uwo bavukana yari agipfunzwe.

Abategetsi kandi ntibatanga udupapuro umuntu yerekana kugira ashobore kugura ivyankenerwa nk’isukari n’amavuta ku giciro gito – gushika imiryango yitavye akamo, nk’uko amasoko abandanya abivuga.

‘Kunyegeza umuntu ni uguhemukira igihugu'

Isoko ryabwiye BBC riti “ivyo bahora bakora mu gihugu hagati ubu nivyo bariko baragira ku murwa mukuru, banka guha imiryango utwo dupapuro, impusha n’ibindi”.

Abantu barazanwa ku biro vy’ubutegetsi bw’aho batumbereye, bakagabishwa ko “kunyegeza abana bawe canke umugabo, canke gufasha mu gutoroka bifatwa nk’uguhemukira igihugu”.

Iryo soko ryongeyeko ko “batera umutima uhagaze abantu bikomeye cane”.

Umugore umwe muri Eritrea yavuze ko abantu benshi bababaye cane kuko intambara iguma imara abantu urunganwe ku rundi.

Uwo mugore abandanya ati: “Abantu berekana ko batabishigikiye mu buryo butandukanye, ariko abajejwe umutekano ni ba ruburakigongwe ku buryo bashobora gukorera abanyagihugu amahano ayariyo yose”.

 Umunya-Eritrea aba hanze yavuze ko afitiye ubwoba uuryango wiwe uri mu gihugu.

Se wiwe w’imyaka 67 yari mu basirikare b’integabizoza yarungitswe ku rugamba mu karere kiwe, n’ubwo atari bwategekwe kuja ku rwasiro rw’intambara.

Ariko na cane cane yari afitiye ubwoba mushikiwe w’imyaka 23, avuga ko yari apfungiwe mw’ikambi ya gisirikare hafi y’igisagara ca Akurdet kiri mu burengero inyuma yo gufatwa ariko aragerageza kujabuka urubibe.

Uwo mugabo avuga ko “haheze igihe umuryango wiwe ata nkuru ziwe uronse, ubu nta wuzi irengero ryiwe.”

Amasoko avuga ko abategetsi bakangisha gutwara abapfunzwe kure cane mu turere tugoye cane kubamwo.

Reta ifise urufatangane rw’ibibanza vyo gupfungiramwo mu kinyegero aho abantu bapfungirwa bakamara imyaka ata mategeko ariko arakora, nk’uko imigwi iharanira agateka ka zina muntu avuga.

Intambara yadutse muri Tigray muri Munyonyo (11) mu 2020 hagati y’umushishikiranganji wa mbere akaba n’uwatsindiye agashimwe k’amahro ka Nobel Abi Ahmed na TPLF, bapfuye ibibazo bitandukanye, birimwo niba Ethiopia itegerezwa kugumana reta mpuzantara ishingiye ku moko.

Iyo ntambara yadutse hasanzwe hari ukutarabana ryiza hagati ya reta ya Eritrea na TPLF, yamaze imyaka myinshi ariyo irongoye reta ya Ethiopia gushika Abiy Ahmed ashitse ku butegetsi mu 2018.

Ku ntwaro ya TPLF, Eritrea na Ethiopia vyaragwanye bipfa urubibe hapfa abantu bashika 80.000. Sentare mpuzamakungu yahavuye ica urubanza ko Ethiopia isubiza ubutaka Eritrea, ariko reta irongowe na TPLF ivyo ntiyabikoze.

Eritrea yasubiye kuronka ubwo butaka aho iyi ntambara itanguriye mu kwezi kwa Munyonyo (11) mu 2020.

Mu myaka 28 imaze ironse intahe yo kwikukira kuri Ethiopia, Eritrea imaze kurwana intambara n’ababanyi bayo bose – Yemen mu 1995, Sudan mu 1996, Ethiopia kuva mu 1998 gushika mu 2000 na Djibouti mu 2008.

Itegeko ryo gukorera igihugu ivy’igisirikare ryategerezwa kumara amezi 18, ariko ryahavuye riba ntabanduka.

Mu myaka 20 iheze abanya-Eritrea bakiri bato baharurwa mu buhumbi n’ibihumbi barahunze igihugu kugira ntibaje muri ivyo bikorwa birimwo n’ibikorwa vyo ku gahato.