Ese yaba ari Coup d'État nyayo cyangwa byari ikinamico? Ibiri inyuma y'ifatwa ry'ubutegetsi muri Guinea-Bissau

Coup d'État zikozwe n'igisirikare si ibintu bishya muri Guinée-Bissau. Iki gihugu giherereye mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika, kuva cyabona ubwigenge mu 1974 kimaze kugira nibura Coup d'État icyenda zageragejwe ndetse zikanashirwa mu bikorwa.

Ariko ubwo abasirikare batangazaga ko bafashe ubutegetsi ku wa gatatu ushize, bamwe mu basesenguzi n'abanyapolitiki bagaragaje amakenga ku byatangajwe.

Ibiranga Coup d'État byose byaragaragaye: amasasu yumvikanye hafi y'inzu ya Perezida, nuko Umaro Sissoco Embaló wari perezida w'icyo gihugu arafungwa ndetse abasirikare bakoze iyo Coup d'État bajya no kuri televiziyo y'igihugu batangaza ko bafashe ubutegetsi.

Nyamara hari ibindi byatumye abantu babyibazaho cyane, kuko Minisitiri w'Intebe wa Sénégal, Ousmane Sonko, ndetse n'uwahoze ari Perezida wa Nigeria Goodluck Jonathan, ndetse n'abandi bavuze ko ibi bishobora kuba ari umugambi wateguwe na Perezida Embaló ubwe.

Nyuma yaho, ibintu byarushijeho gukomera, igisirikare cyafashe ubutegetsi cyabwiye BBC ko cyafashe ubutegetsi gusa.

Igisirikare cyabwiye BBC ko cyafashe ubutegetsu mu gihugu, ariko cyamaganye ikoreshwa ry'ijambo "Coup d'État".

Abayoboye igisirikare bavuze ko bafashe ubutegetsi kugira ngo bahagarike umugambi wari uri gutegurwa n'abanyapolitiki batazwi amazina, bashyigikiwe "n'umucuruzi ukomeye w'ibiyobyabwenge," umugambi ugamije guhungabanya igihugu, kizwi i nk'indiri y'ibiyobyabwenge byerekeza ahandi ku isi.

Ni iki cyabaye intandaro y'iyi Coup d'État?

Iminsi itatu gusa mbere y'uko igisirikare gitangaza ko cyafashe ubutegetsi, abaturage ba Guinea-Bissau batoye mu matora ya perezida.

Embaló w'imyaka 53 yari yiyamamarije manda ye ya kabiri ariko anahanganye bikomeye na Fernando Dias da Costa.

Dias yari ashyigikiwe na Domingos Pereira, wahoze ari Minisitiri w'Intebe.

Uyu Pereira ni we wagombaga guhagararira ishyaka ry'abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, PAIGC, mu matora ya Perezida.

Ariko yaje kwamburwa uburenganzira bwo kwiyamamaza, ubutegetsi buvuga ko yatanze ibyangombwa bye atinze, bityo ntiyemererwa kwiyamamaza ku mwanya wa Perezida.

Ibyavuye mu matora byagombaga gutangazwa ku wa kane, ni ukuvuga umunsi umwe nyuma y'uko ihirikwa ry'ubutegetsi ribaye.

Ese ni iki cyabaye ku munsi wa Coup d'État?

Nyuma y'urusaku rw'imbunda rwumvikanye mu murwa mukuru, Bissau, Embaló mu kiganiro kigufi cyo kuri Telephoni, yabwiye France 24 ati: "Bamaze kunkura ku butegetsi."

Hari n'abandi bafunzwe harimo nka Pereira, Minisitiri w'Umutekano w'imbere mu gihugu Botché Candé, ndetse n'umuyobozi mukuru w'ingabo Jenerali Biague Na N'tan.

Ku cyicaro cya komisiyo y'igihugu y'amatora, cyagabweho igitero hanyuma inzego z'ubutegetsi zatangaje ko abagabo bitwaje intwaro banipfutse mu maso, bangije ibikoresho by'itora ndetse n'ububiko bwa mudasobwa bwari bubitswemo ibyavuye mu matora - ibi bivuze ko ibyavuye mu matora bitagitangajwe.

Kuki hari amakenga kuri iyi Coup d'État?

Amashyaka tavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, imiryango itegamiye kuri leta (civil society) ndetse n'abanyapolitiki bo mu bihugu bituranyi byo muri Afurika y'iburengerazuba bashidikanya ku byatangajwe n'igisirikare muri Guinea-Bissau.

Nyuma yo kurekurwa kuwa kane, Embaló yahise ahungira mu gihugu gituranyi cya Senegal ku ndege y'igisirikare y'icyo gihugu, ibintu Flávio Baticã Ferreira wo mu ishyaka PAIGC abona ko biteye amakenga.

Ferreira, wahoze ari umudepite, yabwiye BBC ati: "Uburyo yahunze ava muri Guinea-Bissau, aherekejwe mbese wagira ngo yari umukerarugendo, ari kumwe n'umuryango we ndetse n'imizigo ye kandi akagenda rwose nta nzitizi n'imwe ahuye na yo,...ibi byose bigaragaza ko atari coup d'état koko, kuko twese tuzi uko coup iba imeze."

Mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika byabayemo za coup d'état mu myaka itanu ishize, nta mutegetsi n'umwe wakuweho hanyuma ngo yemererwe gusohoka igihugu mu buryo bwihuse nkuko byabaye kuri Embaló.

Ariko kandi, hari abasesenguzi babwiye BBC ko ingabo za Guinea-Bissau zishobora kuba zaratekereje ko kumureka akagenda vuba byafasha mu gucunga neza impinduka no kugabanya imvururu mu gihugu.

Goodluck Jonathan, wahoze ari Perezida wa Nigeria nawe yibajije kuri iyi coup d'État avuga ko perezida w'igihugu wakuwe ku butegetsi n'igisirikare ataba yemerewe kuvugisha igitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga.

Goodluck wari umwe mu bagize ikipe y'indorerezi mu matora yo muri Guinea-Bissau yagize ati: "Ibyabaye muri Guinea-Bissau ntago ari coup d'État...mu ijambo ryiza navuga nti, 'byari nk'umuhango wateguwe'."

Jonathan ari mu kuri, abayobozi bakuwe ku butegetsi ubusanzwe ntibaba bemerewe kugira itumanaho iryo ari ryo ryose bagirana n'abandi bantu bo hanze mu gihe bafunzwe, ariko hari ibidasanzwe- nk'uwahoze ari Perezida wa Gabon, Ali Bongo Ondimba ubwo yakurwaga ku butegetsi, yafashwe amashusho asaba ubufasha "inshuti ze zo hirya no hino ku isi" nyuma yo gukurwa ku butegetsi muri 2023.

Gufata ubutegetsi kwa Jenarali Horta N'Tam, nk'umuyobozi mushya wa Guinea-Bissau nabyo byateje impaka nyinshi, kuko yari azwi nk'inshuti ya hafi ya Perezida Embaló's.

Embaló ntacyo aratangaza kuri ibi avugwa by'uko iri hirikwa ry'ubutegetsi bwe ari we wariteguye.

Ni iki cyatuma hakorwa coup d'État y'ikinamico?

Abanenga ubutegetsi bakomeje gushinja Embaló guhimba imigambi yo guhirikwa ku butegetsi kugira ngo bahashye abatavuga rumwe na we, ibintu we ahakana.

Yavuze ko yarokotse inshuro eshatu zose zageragejwe bashaka kumuhirika nko mu Ukuboza (12) mu 2023 nyuma y'igeragezwa ryo kumuhirika ku butegetsi ryabaye.

Embaló yahise asesa inteko nshingamategeko, kuva icyo gihe inteko nshingamategeko ya Guinea-Bissau ntirongera guterana.

Zimwe muri za sosiyete sivile zishinja Embaló umugambi wo gutegura iyi Coup yo mu cyuweru gishize mu rwego rwo gukoma mu nkokora itangazwa ry'ibyavuye mu matora ashobora kuba ataramugendekeye neza.

Umusesenguzi wa politiki Ryan Cummings, yabwiye BBC ko ibikorwa bya Perezida byabanjirije ibi, nko gusubika amatora mu gihe kingana n'umwaka wose, biri mu byateye ayo makenga.

Ariko "biranashoboka cyane" avuga ko igisirikare cyaba cyabikoze mu rwego rwo kwirinda imvururu za nyuma y'amatora kubera ko yaba Embaló ndetse na Dias bari bamaze gutangaza ko ari bo batsinze amatora.

Beverly Ochieng, impuguke mu bibazo byo mu karere ka Afurika y'iburengerazuba ukorera ikigo mpuzamahanga gitanga ubujyanama ku mutekano (Intelligence firm Control Risks) nawe yemeje ko hari impungenge ku bivugwa kuri iri hirikwa ry'ubutegetsi.

Gusa yongeyeho ko, kutavuga rumwe hagati y'abanya-politiki babiri bakomeye, ndetse n'icyemezo cyo kutemerera Pereira kwiyamamaza mu motora, bishorora kuba nabyo byarabaye imbarutso yo gutuma ingabo zibyivangamo, zikavanaho ubutegetsi.

Hari aho ibi byaba bihuriye n'ubucuruzi bw'ibiyobyabwenge?

Ubwo yatangaga ijambo rye kuri Televisiyo y'igihugu, Jenerali Denis N'Canha, yavuze ko igisirikare gifashe ubutegetsi nyuma yo kuvumbura umugambi mubisha wari ufitwe na bamwe mu banya-politiki bafatanyije n'umushoramari ukomeye uzwi mu bucuruzi bw'ibiyobyabwenge, mu mugambi wo guhungabanya igihugu.

Gusa igisirikare nticyatanze andi makuru arambuye ashimangira iby'uwo mugambi.

Icyakora, Guinea-Bissau izwi cyane kuba inzira ikomeye y'ibiyobyabwenge nka Cocaine, bituruka mu majyepfo ya Amerika bijya mu bihugu by' i Burayi.

Umuryango w'abibumbye wigeze kwita Guinea-Bisau "Igihugu cyibasiwe bikomeye n'ubucuruzi bw'ibiyobyabwenge," kubera ko gifite uturwa twinshi tudatuwe n'abantu, ibi bikaba byorohereza cyane abakora ubucuruzi bw'ibiyobyabwenge.

Ubu ni inde utegeka Guinea-Bissau?

Jenerali N'Tam, wahoze ari umugaba mukuru w'ingabo, ubu ni we warahiriye kuba Perezida w'inzibacyuho mu gihe cy'umwaka.

Uyu mu Jenerali yahise ashyiraho Guverinoma nshya igizwe n'abaminisitiri 23 n'abanyamabanga ba leta batanu.

Ku rundi ruhande Embaló, yavuye muri Senegal yerekeza muri Congo-Brazzaville.

Amakuru ava muri Senegal na Guinea-Bissau, avuga ko yahavuye kubera uburakari bw'uko Minisitiri w'Intebe w'icyo gihugu yavuze ko ibyabaye atari Coup d'etat.

Dias, nawe uvuga ko yarokotse igifungo ku munsi wa coup d'etat, ubu yahawe ubuhungiro muri Nigeria.

Ni gute abo muri Guinea-Bissau babyakiriye?

Ku wa gatandatu, ibihumbi by'abigaragambya bafashe imihanda basaba ko Pereira arekurwa, ndetse banasaba ubutegetsi ko hatangazwa ibyavuye mu matora.

Ikindi kandi, imiryango itatu ya sociyete civile yasabye ko habaho imyigaragambyo mu rwego rwo gusuzugura ubutegetsi kugirango hasubizweho ukuri kw'ibyavuye mu matora.

Ariko hatanzwe ibitekerezo bitandukanye, kuko nka bamwe mu baturage bashimiye igisirikare ndetse baniteze ko hazabaho guhererekanya ubutegetsi binyuze mu mucyo.

Uwitwa Suncar Gassama yabwiye BBC ati: "Ntago narwanya ubu butegetsi bwa gisirikare, mu gihe cyose bwateza imbere imibereho myiza."

Ferreira wahoze ari umudepite, yavuze ko: "ubu igihugu kiri mu bihe by'akajagari."

Yongeyeho ati: "Nta numwe uzi ahazaza ha Guinea-Bissau icyo hahatse."