Kenya: Ihindagurika ry’ikirere ririko rituma ingona zo mu kiyaga zigeramira abanyagihugu

Joseph Atuma asanzwe akora akazi ko kuroba mu kiyaga Baringo co muri Kenya kuva afise imyaka 12, kandi n’aho yoba yari amaze guhura n’imvubu n’ingona nka rimwe canke kabiri , nta n’imwe yari bwigere ageramirwa gushika ku mugoroba w’umusi umwe mu kw’incenda 2018, igihe imvubu yatobora ubwato bwiwe, imucakira ukuguru imutabura igice kitari gito.

Uno mugabo w’imyaka 42 avuga ati: "Yari yinyegeje mw’ishamba, hafi cane y’inkombe, ahantu ntari niteze ko hari kuba hari imvubu. Hanyuma ica imfata mpiri”.

"Yinjije amenyo mu bwato bw’ibiti no mu kuguru kwanje. Igufa riri hagati y’ivi n’ikirenge ryasigayeko inyama ntoya cane”, niko avuga, yerekana inkovu zisigaye.

Ikiyaga Baringo, mu karere ka Rift Valley muri Kenya, ni kimwe mu biyaga binini bifise amazi meza mu gihugu. Uvuye kw’ibarabara rikuru ryo mu gisagara gito ca Marigat, izuba riserutse rirasira imishwarara iteye igomwe mu mazi, ituma iki kiyaga gica ibibatsi. Abarovyi baravuyemwo, amato yabo adondagiye hejuru y'amazi atuje.

Atuma avuga ko aherutse gusubira kuroba muri ico kiyaga, inyuma y’imyaka itanu atewe n’iyo mvubu.

"Ubu ni bwo buraro n’uburamuko bwanje. Naragerageje gukora ubundi buzi irya n’ino ariko sinshobora gutunga umuryango wanje”, niko uno mugabo se w’abana bane avuga.

Avuga ko urugero rw’amazi rwaduze uko imyaka yagenda kandi ko ubu ashira ubwato bwiwe ahahoze umushinge w’urushengero rw’ako karere. Ubu wararengewe n’amazi y’iki kiyaga – co kimwe n’imihana, amashure, ibitaro, amabarabara y’ikaburimbo be n’ibiro vy’igisata ca Kenya kijejwe uburovyi.

Ariko ntushobora kwibaza ko hoba hari inyubakwa n’imwe muri izi yoba yarigeze ihaba. Zose zaramizwe n’iki kiyaga, abanyagihugu nabo baromorwa, bica biba ngombwa ko baja kuba kure yaco.

Abajejwe ibidukikije bavuga ko urugero rw’amazi rwiyongereye incuro zibiri mu myaka cumi iheze kubera imvura nyinshi yatewe n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere.

Ariko abanyagihugu babandanya baza kuri ico kiyaga kuko niho bazeye uburaro n’uburamuko. Abagore batari bake bariko bamanuka baja kuvoma amazi. Abandi bariko baramesera ku mweha; abandi batari bake nabo bariko baronga amafi yabo mabisi bazaniwe n’abarovyi.

Ibi vyose bakabikora imvubu nini cane, n’ibikoko bikaze cane, ingona, biri hafi cane mu mazi.

Ababa muri ako karere bavuga ko, bitumwe n’uko ikiyaga kigenda caguka, ingona zigenda zongerekana kandi ko ubu amazi yuzuye ibikoko biryana. Bavuga ko n’imvubu ziyongereye, zikaba zoga hafi y’inkombe mbere ubu zikaba zegereye n’imihana y’abantu.

Ibi biteje akaga ubuzima bw’abantu, aho abana bagiye batabwa mu mazi n’izi ngona, bakazimangana ubutakigaruka.

Winnie Keben, nyina w’abana batandatu, yagize amahirwe ararokoka mu gitero c’ingona. Ubu afise ukuguru kw’uguterano i bubamfu.

Ati: "Nari mpejeje neza na neza kuvoma amazi muri iki kiyaga, ndiko ndiyoga ku birenge, niho naza mbona ingona. Narasimvye mvuza induru. Naragerageje guhunga ariko yanyirutseko, incakira ukuguru maze inkwegera mu mazi”.

"Narakomye induru nkiriza n’ukuboko kugira ngo abantu bashobore kumbona. Umugabo wanje yari hafi. Amaze kumbona, yaciye anyaruka kuntabara.

"Kubera yari yamaze kuncakira ukuguru, twese twagerageje kuyirwanya. Yahavuye indekura ukuguru, ica inshinga iryinyo kw’itako irarivuna. Uwari hafi yafashe umupanga abona kumvana mu vyara vy’ino ngona, ariko yari yamaze kumpekenya ukuguru”.

Keben yamaze amezi atandatu mu bitaro, amaze kuvayo yasanze inzu yiwe n’ubutaka vyose vyamizwe n’amazi. Ubu yimukiye ku birometero bitari bike uvuye kuri ico kiyaga kandi ntarigera asubira kwegera amazi yaco.

Ati: "Rero ibintu vyinshi vyagiye bihinduka buke buke. Kuva kera ntitwigeze duhura n’imyuzurira, ibihe vy’imvura vyari bizwi, twararima tukimbura, ubu imvura iramutse igwa ni ukwonona no gusambura.

"Mfise ubwoba ko ari nka hamwe nokwegera amazi, nohava nsubira guterwa, eka mbere mfise ubwoba ko iki kiyaga gishobora no kunsanga hano kuko kiguma cunguruza”.

Kw’izina ry’abanyagihugu, abantu 66 baritwariye reta bayagiriza ko yananiwe no gutorera umuti ikibazo c’ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Urubanza nk’uru rwarugurujwe mu mwaka uheze ariko gushika ubu ntirurahera.

Uru rubanza ruhuriranye n’inama ya mbere ibereye ku mugabane wa Afrika ku kibazo c’ihindagurika ry’ikirere irongowe na reta ya Kenya iri kumwe n’ishirahamwe ry’Ubumwe bwa Afrika, ku mugwa mukuru, Nairobi, aho Perezida William Ruto yaje muri iyo nama ari mu modoka idakoresha igitoro.

Nk’uko bivugwa n’ishirahamwe ONU, Afrika irekura ivyuka vya carbone ku rugero rwa 2-3% rwonyene ugereranije n’ivyuka birungikwa mu kirere, ariko niwo mugabane wa mbere ugeramiwe n’ubushuhe burenze urugero.

Mw’ijambo ryiwe ryo kwugurura iyi nama, Perezida Ruto yavuze ko uno mugabane uzokenera ibihumbi vy’amamiriyaridi y’amadorari yoshirwa mu gisata c’ibidukikije kugira ngo ishobore guhangana n’ikibazo c’ihindagurika ry’ikirere.

Emira zunze Ubumwe z’abarabu (Emirats Arabes Unis/United Arab Emirates, UAE) zemeye guha Afrika imiriyaridi 4,5 z’amadorari y’abanyamerika mu gisata c’amasoko ntanganguvu atonona ikirere, hejuru y’abanyamitahe bo muri ico gihugu bemeye gushira imiriyoni 450 z’amadorari mu gisata co kugabanya ivyuka vyonona ikirere babicishije mu mugambi wiswe Initiative des marchés du carbone en Afrique/Africa Carbon Markets Initiative.

Reta y’Ubwongereza yemeye gushira umutahe w’imiriyoni 61 z’amadorari y’Abanyamerika mu migambi mishasha yo gufasha uno mugabane guhangana n’ingaruka z’ikibazo c’ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Aha harimwo imiriyoni 43 zizoshirwa mu migambi yo gufasha abagore bari mu mirwi igeramiwe, hamwe n’abarimyi barenga 400.000 mu bihugu 15, mu ntumbero yo kubafasha guhangana n’ingaruka z’ihindagurika ry’ikirere, nk’uko ibivuga.

Abanyagihugu buguruje uru rubanza bavuga ko gushika ubu reta ya Kenya yananiwe no gutorera umuti ikibazo c’ihindagurika ry’ikirere, ko ubu bari mu ngorane z’ubukene n’indwara bitewe n’ukwaguka kw’iki kiyaga.

Bariko bisabira indishi y’akababaro bongera bayisabira n’iyindi miryango yatakaje ubutaka, amatongo n’amatungo yabo barazwe n’abasekuruza, ubu bakaba bageramiwe n’ingwara ziterwa n’amazi mabi nka malaria na korera (cholera).

Nk’uko biri mu mpapuro z’uru rubanza bugururijwe n’ikigo c'abanyamategeko, Kituo cha Sheria, "Inzego zijejwe gushiraho poritike y’ihindagurika ry’ikirere kugira ngo abanyagihugu baronke ikirere ciza kandi gisukuye zarananiwe, zaranse canke zarirengagije kubikora”.

Omondi Owino, umunyamategeko muri ico kigo, avuga ati: "Mu gihe sentare izoba ifashe ingingo, izoshobora gushiraho amabwirizwa ngenderwako amwe amwe, aha igashobora kwandika izina mu gisata c’ihindagurika ry’ikirere”.

Reta ntaco iravuga kuri uru rubanza.

Nayo ku bijanje na Atuma, iki kiyaga kiracari uburaro n’uburamuko kuri we – ariko abayeho mu bwoba bwo guterwa n’imvubu hamwe n’ingona.

"Urugero rw’amazi ruri hejuru cane ubu. Ibikoko vyo mu mazi [imvubu] biregera cane inkombe. Bimwe muri vyo bishaka gusimbira ku butaka ahari amazi make, ibi bigasigura ko biba vyegereye abanyagihugu.

"Aha uba ufise amahirwe make yo gukira n’aho woba uri nko ku butaka. Mu gihe ugize ngo urirutse, bica bikuzako kandi ntushobora kubisiga”, niko avuga.