Uburusiya buriko buhingura ikirwanisho ‘giteye ubwoba’ gisambura ibigendajuru – bivugwa na Amerika

Uburusiya buriko buhingura ikirwanisho “giteye ubwoba” co gusambura ibigendajuru, nk’uko Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zibivuga, ariko zikavuga ko butarashobora kukirungika.

Umuvugizi w’ibiro vy’umukuru w’igihugu ca Amerika (Maison Blanche/White House), John Kirby, yavuze ibi haciye umusi umwe umushingamateka w’Umurepubulika ashikirije amajambo adasobanutse yo kugabisha ko “umutekano w’igihugu ugeramiwe bikomeye”.

Iki kirwanisho ni ico kurungika mu kirere kandi kikaba gifise igisasu ca nikleyeri gikubita ibigendajuru, nk’uko ikinyamakuru CBS News gikorana na BBC kibivuga.

Ariko ku wa kane w’indwi iheze, Kirby ntiyashoboye kwemeza ibi, mbere akaba yanse no gutanga insiguro nyazo kuri iki kibazo giteje akaga.

Uburusiya bwagiriza Amerika ko yitwaza ibirwanisho bishasha vy’Uburusiya kugira ngo ihatire inama nshingamateka na nkenguzamateka kwemeza iyindi mfashanyo igenewe Ukraine mu nzira iyo ari yo yose ishoboka.

Kirby aherutse kugenwa gukora mu biro vya Perezida Joe Biden yabwiye abanyamakuru ko ata kaga kageramiye Amerika ubu bwa vuba.

Ati: "Ntituriko turavuga ikirwanisho gishobora gukoreshwa mu gutera kiremwa muntu, canke cogira ivyo cononye, hano kw’isi”.

Kirby avuga ko igendereza ryahaye Perezida Biden ano makuru ajanye n’ihingurwa ry’iki kirwanisho, kandi ko ubutegetsi bwiwe bwayafashe “nka nkama cane”. Yongerako y’uko umukuru w’igihugu yamaze gutegeka ko “hoba ibiganiro bitaziguye n’Uburusiya” kuri iki kibazo giteje akaga.

Ku wa gatatu w’indwi iheze, umukuru w’umurwi ujejwe igendereza mu nama nshingamateka Mike Turner yatanze imburi idasobanutse neza ku vyerekeye ingene umutekano w’igihugu ugeramiwe, yateje ibihuha vyinshi ku murwa mukuru Washington.

Ku wa kane uheze, Turner n’abandi bategetsi bo muri uno murwi babonanye n’umuhanuzi w’igihugu mu vy'umutekano Jake Sullivan kugira ngo bace irya n’ino iki kibazo.

Inyuma y’uno mubonano, Turner yavuze ati: "Twese twavuyeho dufise icizere kinini ko ubutegetsi bubifata nka nkama cane kandi ko ubutegetsi busanzwe bufise integuro.

“Turiteguye kubafasha mu gihe boshaka kuyishira mu ngiro”.

Mu gihe ibintu bijanye n’ibirwanisho vyo mu kirere biva mu bitabo vy’imigani (fiction) canke mu ma firime nka Superman II na GoldenEye ya James Bond abahinga mu vya gisirikare bamaze igihe bagabisha ko ikirere gishobora kuba urwasiro rw’intambara muri ino si igendera ku buhinga bwa none.

Ni igiki kizwi kuri aka kaga?

Hampande y’ano majambo ya Kirby, abategetsi ba reta ntaco barashikiriza ku mugaragaro ku bijanye n’akaga gashobora guterwa n’iki kirwanisho.

Umuhanuzi mu vy'umutekano Jake Sullivan avuga ko agacerere gafise imvo, aho yabwiye abanyamakuru ko Amerika itegerezwa gushira imbere “amasoko n’uburyo” inzego zayo z’umutekano zakoresheje mu kwegeranya amakuru kuri iki kibazo.

Ibinyamakuru New York Times, ABC na CBS vyandika ko iki kibazo giteje akaga gifitaniye isano n’uko Uburusiya buriko buhingura ikirwanisho ca nikleyeri gishobora gukoreshwa mu gukubita ibigendajuru vya Amerika biri mu kirere.

Kirby yabwiye abanyamakuru ko ata vyemezo bihari vy’uko iki kirwanisho coba kimaze kurungikwa, ariko agashimangira ko Amerika ifata “nka nkama cane” iri terabwoba.

Haraciye imyaka abategetsi ba Amerika n’abahinga mu vy’ikirere bagabisha ko Uburusiya n’Ubushinwa bibandanya biteza imbere ubushobozi bwa gisirikare mu kirere mu ntumbero yo kurondera gushikira Amerika.

Icegeranyo casohowe n’ikigo Centre d'Etudes Stratégiques et internationales/Center for Strategic and International Studies kiri i Washington DC mu mwaka uheze, cerekana ko Uburusiya buriko buhingura ibirwanisho bitari bike vyo gusambura ibigendajuru (ASAT), harimwo igisasu ca misire cageragerejwe neza ku cahoze ari ikigendajuru co ku ntwaro y’Abasoviyeti mu 2021.

Umwe mu bakoze iki cegeranyo, Kari Bingen yahoze ari umutegetsi mukuru w’igendereza mu bushikiranganji bwo kwivuna abansi, yabwiye BBC ko mu gihe c’intambara yabwo muri Ukraine, Uburusiya bwari bumaze gukoresha ubundi buryo butandukanye - nk’ibitero vyo mu mashini nyabwonko n’ivyo guteza igipfungu – mu kuburabuza itumatumanako rikoresha ibigendajuru.

Uno mupfasoni avuga ati: "Ibi bimaze kuba bimwe mu bigize amayeri y’intambara”.

None igihugu cogira ubwoba?

Abashingamateka bakuru bakuru – harimwo n’umukuru w’inama nshingamateka Mike Johnson – bavuga ko ata mvo n’imwe yotuma igihugu kigira ubwoba.

Mike Turner na we nyene amaze kunegurwa kubona yashize ahabona iki kibazo, aho na mugenziwe w’Umurepubulika Andy Ogles amwagiriza "urwangara" ku "mibereho myiza n’ubwenge vy’Abanyamerika".

Hagati aho, abahinga n’abahoze ari abategetsi bagabisha ko ikintu ico ari co cose coza kibangamira ibigendajuru vya Amerika gishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye.

Ku rugero ruruta kure urw’abashobora kukibera abakeba kw’isi, igisirikare ca Amerika kigendera cane kw’ihanahana ry’amakuru hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bw’ibigendajuru mu bintu vyose, haba mu bikorwa vya maneko no mu kurekura ibisasu vya misire gushika mbere no mu ngendo zo mu mazi no mu kirere, haba mu kurekura ibisasu bigenzurwa n’ubuhinga bwa GPS hamwe n’ihanahana ry’amakuru ku rubuga rw’intambara.

Bingen, uyu akaba aza ubwa kabiri mu nzego z’igendereza ry’igisirikare ca Amerika, yongerako ati: "Igisirikare cacu, uburyo igisirikare cacu kirwana uno musi n’imitahe dushira mu birwanisho, vyose bigendera ku bushobozi bw’ikirere.

"Tutabufise, twoba turi habi cane. Ntitwoshobora kurwana nk’uko twavyigishijwe mu myaka 30 cane 40 iheze”.

Ikibanza c’ibigendajuru kandi kiribonekeza mu buzima bwa gisivire, aho ibigendajuru bikoreshwa mu bintu bitari bike vyo mu buzima bwa misi yose, haba mu kwiyunguruza no kumenya ingene ikirere cifashe, mu burimyi no mu guhanahana amafaranga.

Bingen avuga ati: "Ibigengajuru ni ishingiro ry’ubuzima bwacu bwa misi yose. Abanyamerika, hamwe n’abandi bantu kw’isi yose, babayeho ku bw’ikirere kandi ata n’uko banabizi”.

Hoba hari amategeko ngenderwako ku bijanye n’ibirwanisho vyo mu kirere?

Amerika, Uburusiya n’Ubushinwa bisanzwe bifise ubushobozi bwo gutera ibigendajuru kw’isi yose. Ariko mu vy’ukuri, ngaha ntibishobora gukoresha ibirwanisho ruhonyanganda vy’ubumara.

Ibi bihugu vyose uko ari bitatu vyarateye igikumu ku masezerano azwi nka Outer Space Treaty yo mu 1967, abuza ibihugu kurungika mu kirere "ibintu ivyo ari vyo vyose vyikoreye ibirwanisho vya nikleyeri canke ibirwanisho ivyo ari vyo vyose ruhonyanganda".

Mick Mulroy, yahoze ari icegera c’umushikiranganji wo kwivuna abansi, avuga ko ano masezerano ata cizere c’ituze atanga muri poritike mpuzamakungu y’iki gihe.

Ati: "Uburusiya burerekana ko bwirengagije rwose ano masezerano bwateyeko igikumu kandi burerekana ishaka ryo gukoresha inguvu za gisirikare muri Ukraine, guhonyanga amategeko mpuzamakungu yose. Ivyo buvuga si vyo bukora canke ngo bukurikize ivyo bwiyemeje”.

None ikirere kizohava kiba urwasiro rushasha?

Matthew Kroenig yahoze akora mu gisata kijejwe igendereza ku ntwaro za Bush, Obama na Trump, yabwiye BBC ko ari ibintu bisanzwe kubona ikirere cabandanije kwitwararikwa cane ku bisirikare bitandukanye kw’isi.

Avuga ati: "Gushika magingo aya, abantu bagiye barondera kumenya ibijanye n’ikirere. Ariko ubu turiko turinjira mu gihe c’aho ikirere kizoba urudandazwa, kandi turacari ku ntango”.

Yongerako y’uko intambwe ikurikira ari ukuzobona ibihugu kw’isi yose vyibanda ku “kuronka” ikibanza mu kirere.

Kroenig ati: "Dufata nk’uko kwinjira mu nyanja n’ibirere no gukoreramwo ubucuruzi ari ku buntu. Mu bisanzwe uku niko twipfuza ko ikirere coba kimeze mu myaka 30 iri imbere, gutembera, gucururiza canke mbere no kwibera mu kirere.

"Ni ngombwa ko dukora ibishoboka vyose kugira ngo kibe ikibanza gitekanye”.