James Webb telescope: Amafoto ahebuje yerekana isanzure uko ritabonetse mbere

Ni impano ya miliyari $10 yahawe isi. Ni imashini irimo kutwereka aho duherereye mu isanzure.

Benshi bibazaga niba iyi ndebakure, yari ije gusimbura isanzwe izwi nka Hubble Space Telescope, izagera kubyo abantu bari bayitezeho.

Byasabye ko dutegereza amezi macye kugira ngo ibanze itunganye ibikoresho byayo hamwe no kugerageza imikorere yayo.

Gusa kugeza ubu nibyo, irimo kugaragaza ibyo bari bayitezeho. Muri Nyakanga(7) ibigo by'ubushakashatsi mu isanzure bya Amerika, Uburayi, na Canada byakoze ibirori byo kwerekana amashusho yabyo ya mbere.

Aya ugiye kureba hano ni amwe mu mafoto ya bimwe mu bigize isanzure iyi ndebakure James Webb Space Telescope yafashe ushobora kuba utarabonye.

Hashize neza neza umwaka umwe James Webb Space Telescope imuritswe, hari kuri Noheli. Byafashe imyaka 30 kuyitegura, kuyikorera imbata, no kuyubaka.

Icya mbere cyo kwibuka kuri James Webb ni uko ari indebakure ikoresha imirasire ya infrared. Ireba kure cyane mu isanzure aho amaso yacu adashobora na busa kugera.

Abahanga mu isanzure bakoresha camera zayo mu kureba ibice bigize 'cosmos' isanzure, nk'inkingi rutura za gas n'umukungugu.

Izo nkingi ni zimwe mu zarebwe cyane na Hubble yayibanjirije. Kugira ngo haboneke ubundi byafata imyaka myinshi y'urugendo ku muduko w'urumuri ngo ugere aho hantu.

Carina Nebula

Aha bahita ku Imanga z'Isanzure. Ni ku mpera z'icyanya rutura cy'imyuka kuri mu kindi cy'imikungugu, n'inyenyeri zigize Nebula, iki cyose kizwi nka Carina.

Icyo cyanya kigaragazwa na James Webb neza cyane kurusha ikindi gihe cyose mbere.

Kuva ku ruhande rumwe rw'iyi foto kugera ku rundi hari intera y'imyaka urumuri (light years) 15. Umwaka urumuri umwe ungana na kilometero tiriyari 9.46

Urujeje rutandaraje

Uru rujeje (galaxy) runini ruri iburyo rwavumbuwe n'umuhanga mu isanzure wamamaye, Umusuwisi Fritz Zwicky mu myaka ya 1940. Imiterere yarwo itandaraje iterwa no kuba cyera cyane rwaragonganye n'urundi rujeje. Uru rufite umurambararo w'imyaka urumuri 145,000.

Umubumbe wa Neptune

James Webb ntabwo ireba kure cyane mu isanzure gusa. Inajagajaga mu mibumbe yacu igaragiye izuba.

Uyu murimbo ureba ni umubumbe wa munani uvuye ku Izuba: Neptune, iboneka n'ingori (urugori) ziyizengurutse. Utudomo duto twera tuyizengurutse ni amezi(ukwezi), cyo kimwe "n'inyenyeri nini" iri hejuru. Iyo ni Triton, satellite nini kurusha izindi ya Neptune.

Orion Nebula

Orion ni agace kari mu tuzwi cyane mu kirere. Ni akarere kagizwe n'inyenyeri, cyangwa se Nebula, kari ku ntera y'imyaka urumuri 1,350 uvuye hano ku isi. Hano, James Webb yafotoye ikitwa Orion Bar, icyo ni urukuta rw'imyuka (gas) itsitse hamwe n'umukungugu.

Dimorphos

Muri imwe mu nkuru zikomeye z'isanzure muri uyu mwaka, NASA yazamuye icyogajuru ngo kigonge ikibuye (asteroid) kitwa Dimorphos, mu kureba niba bashobora kuyobya inzira y'iri buye ry'umurambararo wa 160m. Ni igerageza rigamije kwitoza uko batabara isi iramutse iziwe n'ikibuye nk'icyo. James Webb yafotoye ibivungukira bya toni 1,000 byavuye kuri uko kugongana.

WR-140

Iyi ni imwe mu ifoto itangaje kurusha izindi y'indebakure James Webb muri uyu mwaka. "WR" isobanuye Wolf-Rayet. Ni ubwoko bw'inyenyeri, inyenyeri nini cyane irimo gusoza ubuzima bwayo. Wolf-Rayet irekura umuyaga mwinshi cyane w'imyuka mu isanzure. Inyenyeri bituranye, yari itaraboneka, ikusanya uwo muyaga mo umukungugu. Ibice by'umukungugu ubona bifite ubugari bwa kilimetero tiriyari 10. Izo ni incuro 70,000 uburebure hagati y'Isi n'Izuba.

Urujeje Phantom

M74, ihimbwa kandi Urujeje Phantom cyangwa Phanthom Galaxy, izwiho inziga zitangaje zayo. Iri ku ntera y'imyaka urumuri 32 uvuye ku Isi kandi iteye mu buryo ireba neza aha ku isi, bigaha Webb ishusho nziza ya ziriya nziga n'imiterere yazo. Ubuhanga bwo gufata amashusho bwa Webb bubasha gufata neza ibice bya gas n'umukungugu mu isanzure.

Ushobora kumva ibindi mu kiganiro cya Jonathan Discovery programme for the BBC World Service aho aganira ku mushinga wa James Webb n'abahanga bawukoraho.