Menya ukuntu ubushuhe burengeje buhindura ADN yawe bugashobora gutuma usaza hataragera

Suleyman Hammudan yakuriye ahantu mu gisagara kirangwamwo ubushuhe bwinshi cane. Akora mu kigo gikoresha za mudasobwa muri Dubai muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu aho ubushuhe buduga bukagera kuri degre 45 hagati y'ukwa gatandatu n'ukwicenda. Yagize ati : ''Iyo uri hanze ku murango bisa n'uko uba uri hanze mu bugaragwa. Ubushuhe n'imbeho biragutesha umutwe''.

Ndagerageza ngakorera muhira kenshi. Iyo ngiye hanze hashobora kuba ari isaha imwe y'ijoro, igihe izuba riba ryarenze- haba hashushe ariko ubushuhe atari umurengera.

Ni abantu bake batembera mw'ibarabara mu gihe c'ubushuhe. Yongeye agira ati: ''Ku bijanye no kuja ku kazi, mva mu rugo n'imodoka ngashikira mu biro''.

Hose hari ivyuma bitanga akayaga na cane cane mu mazu manini agerekeranye yo kudandarizamwo bita mall aho usanga abantu bamara amasaha menshi ku musi. Mall ni nko muhira ha kabiri.

Suleyman ariko aramenyera ubuzima burangwamwo ubushuhe budasanzwe.

Abashakashatsi bariko bagira amatohoza ku mahinduka umuntu agira imbere mu mubiri iyo agumye muri ubwo bushuhe igihe, kandi incuro nyinshi yikurikiza.

Muri Kaminuza ya Southern California hari icigwa catohoje ku vyashikiye Abanyamerika baharurwa mu bihumbi baba mu ma leta menshi igihe ubushuhe bw'aho baba burenga kuri degre celcius 32.

Hakoreshejwe gupima amaraso, uyo mugwi w'abashakashatsi wize isano riri hagati y'ingwara zifata abantu bagereranije n'imyaka yabo ku bantu 3600 baraheza babifatira ku rugero rw'ubushuhe.

Uwakoze ubwo bushakashatsi Eunyoung Choi yavuze ko hari ingaruka ku mibiri yabo. Abantu baguma mu bushuhe burengeje basaza ningoga.

Hari ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ubushuhe bugira ku mubiri?

Abashakashatsi baza bazi ko ubushuhe bugira ingaruka mu duce tw'umubiri dufatanye n'inyumviro, umuvuduko w'amaraso n'ingene amafyigo akora. Naho biri uko, ubushakashatsi bwa Kaminuza ya Southern California buvuga ko kuguma mu bushuhe burengeje bihindura uduce ntangakamere, bitewe n'ico bita methylation.

Mu gihe umubiri wacu wongereza ubushuhe, ubwoko bw'uturemangingo bita lipid turongerekana, ivyo ni ibinure usanga bizungurutse uturemangingo duca dutangura guhinduka ako kanya, nk'uko bimenyeshwa na Jeff Goodell, yanditse igitabu yise The heat will kill you first- Life and Death on a Scorched Planet. Umuntu yogereranya no kuvuga ngo: "Ubushuhuhe nibwo buzobanza kukiwica. Ubuzima n'urupfu kw'isi yababutse."

Imero y'uturemangingo ica ihinduka. Ivyo bisa nk'iyo utetse irigi. Uduce tugize irigi duca duhinduka.

Ubusaza bw'uturemangingo buturutse ku myaka- ni iki?

None uturemangingo twacu duhishira ku wuhe muvuduko?

Twese turazi ko abantu bamwe basaza ningoga kurusha abandi. Na muganga Choi wo muri Kaminuza ya Southern California, USC avuga ko impinduka ziba mu mubiri zitumwe n'uguhinduka kw'uduce ntangakamere ari imwe mu buryo butandukanye abaganga bashobora gupimiramwo ingene umubiri w'umuntu usaza (biological ageing) bidafatiye ku myaka yiwe (chronological ageing). Vyerekana ingene umubiri wacu ukora, muganga afatiye ku turemangingo.

Muganga Choi yavuze ko umuntu wese avukana uduce ntangakamere -ADN tuzwi kandi tutazokwigera duhinduka. Ariko impinduka yatwo bita methylation (n'ukuvuga ku gace ntangakamere ADN canke RNA hongerako -CH3) bigatuma imero y'utwo duce ntangakamere ihinduka iyo umubiri ukeneye nko kurinda ingwara canke kubika ingaburo ziri mu bifungurwa twihereje. Ni nko kwatsa canke kuzimya uduce ntangasano -genes, mu ntumbero yo kugenzura urugero n'ihinduka ryatwo.

Mu kwihweza impinduka z'utu duce ntangakamere (ADN methylation -ADNm) bifashisha ibipimo vy'amaraso.

Muganga Choi avuga ati "n'ugufata ko ADN ari zo zituma tuba abo turi, tumera uko tumeze, tuboneka uko tugaragara, nayo methylation yazo ikaziha itegeko ryo gukora iki canke kugihagarika".

Ati: "igihambaye ni uko tumaze kumenya ko hari n'ibindi bituma nko guhangayika, ihumana ry'ikirere ... ubu naho n'ubushuhe navyo biri mu bituma iyo methhylation ( ituma ADN gukora canke guhagarika guhindura iki canke kiriya mu mubiri)."

Muganga Choi avuga ko mu vyo yatohoje yasanze kuguma mu bushuhe burengeje bifise ingaruka zikomeye ku mibiri yacu nko mu nyifato zacu zitandukanye. Bigereranywa n'ingaruka zo kunywa itabi no kunywa inzoga nyinshi vyo bisanzwe bizwi.

Mu gihe ukwo gusaza kare gutumwa n'amahinduka y'utu duce ntangakamere ushobora kwibaza ko ari ibintu bito kuko ari amahinduka yogereranywa no kwongera iminsi canke amezi make ku myaka yawe bwite, iyo bibaye buri mwaka, usanga umuntu yashaje imburagihe.

Ibi bishobora gutuma umuntu yandura ingwara zo mu busaza kandi mu bisanzwe akiri mu myaka y'ubuto.

Aha twovuga nk'ingwara y'igisukari (diabetes), izifatiye ku buzima bwo mu mutwe, canke umuvuduko w'amaraso.

Ariko Muganga Choi avuga ko ayo matohoza arimwo akarusho kuko afasha abaganga kuzohava bamenya bongere bafashe abafise ivyo bibazo vy'ubusaza bwo mu mubiri budahuye n'imyaka yabo.

None kuba ahantu hari ubushuhe bwinshi bituma uhindura ukwo usa?

Suleyman avuga ko yabonye ko umubiri wiwe uriko urasaza muri Dubai n'iminkanyari myinshi iboneka mu maso. Yagize ati : ''Mu ci riheze vyabaye ngombwa ko nja kwa muganga kubera izuba ryari ryambabaje. Umubiri wanje wari wononekaye kandi ndacabona iminkanyari n'ubu''. Yongerako ko yarondeye ivyo yikingiza izuba kandi atari bwabikenere igihe yaba Londres.

Ndatahura igituma abantu bagenda bifutse imitaka ku murango. Bigira ingaruka mbi ku mubiri kuguma ku zuba, ubibona iyo ushitse muhira.

Imvi n'iminkanyari navyo?

None kuba ahantu hari ubushuhe bwinshi bituma uhindura ukwo usa?

Suleyman avuga ko yabonye ko umubiri wiwe uriko urasaza muri Dubai n'iminkanyari myinshi iboneka mu maso. Yagize ati : ''Mu ci riheze narinze kuja ku muganga kubera izuba ryari ryambabaje. Umubiri wanje wari wononekaye kandi ndacabona iminkanyari n'ubu''. Yongerako ko yarondeye ivyo yikingiza izuba kandi atari bwabirondere igihe yaba Londres.

"Ndatahura igituma abantu bagenda bifutse imitaka ku murango. Bigira ingaruka mbi ku mubiri kuguma kuzuba, uravyumva iyo ushitse muhira", niko Suleyman avuga.

Kuguma ku mishwarara y'izuba bita ultra violet vyongereza iminkanyari ku mubiri, bigatuma usa n'uwushaje. Ariko ntibiragaragara nimba bituma ugira imishatsi y'imvi mu kanya gato. Ibara ry'imishatsi ritangwa n'uturemangingo bita melanocytes dutanga melanin kandi abahinga b'ingwara zifata ku rukoba baravuga ko kuguma uhura n'imishwarara iva ku zuba bihagarika umubiri wawe gukora melanin ikwiye

Ico tuzi n'uko bivuye ku bushuhe canke imbeho hari ingwara zifatira mu myakura ija canke iva mu bwonko:

Izo ni nk'ingwara y'igicuri (epylepsy), ugucika udutsi tujana amaraso mu bwonko (stroke /AVC), ingwara ituma umutwe ubamwo amazi (encephalitis), ingwara ya sclerose, kumeneka umutwe bidasanzwe (migraines). Izo ngwara zose zirashobora gutuma kwicungera ku biro umuntu afise haba mu gukora imyimenyerezo ngororamubiri, bigorana.

Ninde akeneye ubufasha cane iyo hari ubushuhe bwinshi?

Mu cigwa gitoya cakorewe mu Budagi mu 2023, Muganga Wenli, umushakashatsi mu bijanye n'ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibidukikije ku magara y'abantu, mu gisata c'imigambi mu magara y'abantu muri kaminuza ya Havard TH Chan School, nawe nyene aravuga ko ubushuhe bwinshi bugira ingaruka ku gusaza kw'uturemangingo imburagihe.

Imwe mu nkingi ubushakashatsi bwiwe bushingiyeko ni ukwihweza ingene ya mahinduka ya ADN bita methylation agenda, n'ico bipfana n'ingwara zifata mu bihe vy'ubusaza.

Yasanze abantu bafise ingwara y'ivumbuka ry'umurindi w'amaraso n'ubuvyibuhe bukabije, basaza imburagihe, kandi abafise ingwara y'igisukari ari bo na ntaryo bakarigwa n'ubushuhe.

Muganga Wenli yongerako ko ibipimo vy'amaraso vyerekana ko uturemangingo dusaza hakiri kare ari ikimenyetso c'urupfu n'ivyago vyinshi vyo kugwara ingwara nk'igisukari, ingwara z'umuvuduko w'amaraso, amahaha no mu bwonko.

Ubwo bushakashatsi ariko bufise agahaze. Naho abahinga batahura ibituma umuntu asaza hatageze, ntibashobora kudomako urutoke ku gace k'umubiri gakarigwa n'ubushuhe gusumba.

Dr Choi n'umugwi wiwe w'abashakashatsi bategura kwiga igice coba gikarigwa ugusumba hagati y'amafyigo, ubwonko n'umutima.

'Ni ngombwa ko bahindura uburyo babayeho mu ubuzima bwa minsi yose'

Jeff Goodell yafashe umugambi wo kwandika igitabu kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe inyuma yo gusanga abwirizwa kuja gukora muri Phoenix, umunsi ubushuhe bwari bugeze kuri degre 46.

Yihaye gufata urugendo agiye ahantu mu kanama ariko ahakwa kugwa hasi akiri mu nzira kubera ubushuhe bwinshi. Goodell yari akeneye kumenya ko bishoboka ko ubushuhe nk'ubwo bahuye rimwe gusa mu buzima bwiwe, hari ico buhindura mu mubiri.

Ubushakashatsi bwa none bwakozwe ku mbeba bwerekana ko iyo igiye mu bushuhe rimwe gusa bigira ingaruka zidahera ku mubiri wayo.

Mu gihe ihindagurika ry'ibihe ryiyongera, bishobora kugera mu 2050 imisi y'ibihe vy'ubushuhe bwinshi mu mwaka muri Amerika ishobora kuva ku minsi 20 ikaja kuri 30, henshi mu bice vyo hagati mu gihugu, nk'uko bivugwa n'ikigo c'igihugu gisuzuma ibijanye n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.

Ama leta yo mu bumanuko bwa Amerika aramaze gushikirwa n'igihe kirekire c'ubushuhe kandi butangura kare buri mwaka.

Goodell avuga ati: "Mu bibanza nka Texas abantu biyumvira igihe c'ubushuhe imisi yose."

"Barazi kuva mu bihe vy'ici bibiri biheze, ko babwirizwa guhindura uko batunganya ubuzima bwabo bwa minsi yose, no kwiyumvira mu buryo butandukanye ingene bakora n'ingene babana n'ubwo bushuhe."

Bategekanya kwihweza ingaruka z'ubushuhe no kuzigereranya n'ibihuhusi.

Avuga ati: "Amakuru yo kuri televiziyo yahora atwereka imirongo y'imiduga ija ku nkengera y'ikiyaga (gusama akayaga) mu gihe c'ubushuhe bwinshi."

''Ahubwo abantu batanguye kwiyumvira ubushuhe nk'akaga, cane cane ku bantu bategerezwa gukorera hanze n'abantu baba mu nyubakwa zitagira ibizikingira ubushuhe''.

Kubwa Goodell ihinduka ry'ibihe ryarateye ubudasa bukomeye.

Tubayeho mu bice bibiri bitandukanye, ivy'ababa ahafutse n'ababa mu bushuhe bukabije wogira ni nko 'gutekwa mu kabigiti'.

"Ku ruhande rumwe, hari amazi, igitutu n'ivyuma bitanga akayaga. Ku rundi ruhande, hari ivyuya, ububabare, mbere n'urupfu."

Yiyumvira ko ikintu gihambaye kuruta ibindi vyose ku banya Texas ari uko ubu bazi ko ubushuhe "ari inguvu zitera zikamerera nabi abantu kandi abakarirwa cane kuruta ari abakene".