Vyinshi ku bwiyahuzi muri kahise : kuva ku Bayahudi b’ibishobisho, abakoreshwa n’ibiyayuramutwe, n'abiyitirira Islam

Mu gitondo co ku wa 11 Nyakanga (9) 2001, abarwanyi 19 b’umuhari Al-Qaïda banyuruje indege zine zunguruza abantu baca basekesha zibiri muri zo inzu z’amagorofa maremare y’inyubakwa ya World Trade Center, iya gatatu ikaba yasetse inyubakwa ikoreramwo ubushikiranganji bwo kwivuna abansi bwa Amerika, Pentagon, iri ahitwa Arlington, mu ntara ya Virginia.

Aya magorofa abiri yahavuye asenyuka kubera yari yasinzikaye. Ingenzi zari mu ndege ya kane, zimaze kwumva ibi bitero, zararwanye n’abanyuruje iyi ndege, maze nayo ihava igwa mu gisanze kitagiramwo abantu mu burengero bwa Pennsylvania, ku birometero vyababa 32 uvuye i Washington, D.C., abari muri yo bose bakaba barapfuye.

Ariko imbere y’ibi bitero karuhariwe vy’ubwiyahuzi vyahitanye abantu 2.977, harabaye n’ibindi bitero vy’ubwiyahuzi muri kahise ariko hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bitandukanye.

Intagondwa z’Abayahudi

Bivugwa ko ibitero vya mbere vy’ubwiyahuzi muri kahise vyakozwe n’akarwi k’abayahudi batwarwa n’ibishobisho kakwiragije iterabwoba mu Baromani no mu Bayahudi igihe Yerusalemu yigarurirwa n’ubwami bw’Abaromani.

Izi ntagondwa zari zizwi kw’izina rya "Sicari", bisigura utubugita dutoduto. Bagenda banyegeje utu tubugita musi y’impuzu bambaye gushika bashikiriye abasirikare b’Abaromani canke b’Abayahudi bakorana n’Abaromani.

Kamaze guhigwa buhongo kagaturatuzwa i Yerusalemu, abo muri aka karwi kahungiye mu kigo kinini (château) ca Masdah, hafi y’ikiyaga c’Umunyu (mer Morte). Karabaye muri ico kigo mu gihe kitari gito gushika Abaromani basambuye icicaro c’iki kigo. Abaromani bamaze kwinjira muri iki kigo, niho vyagaragaye ko abari bagize aka karwi bose bagera hafi ku gihumbi biyahuye.

Uno murwi wabayeho hagati y’imyaka ya 66 na 73 inyuma y’umuzo wa Yezu/Yesu.

Ubwicanyi bw’aba-Assassins

Umurwi wa kabiri ukomeye wakoze ibitero vy’ubwiyahuzi muri kahise n’amakuru yawo agakwiragira irya n’ino, wari uw’abayoboke ba Hassan Al-Sabah, umwe mu bari bagize akarwi kagendera kumarangamutima ya Ismaili (Ismaélisme).

Bamaze kukigarurira mu 1090, Hassan Al-Sabah yaciye yigarurira ikigo ntamenwa ca Alamut, giherereye muri Irani y’ubu, kugira ngo arongore umurwi w’abarwanyi bari babigize umwuga bakoresheje uburiganya n’ubutwari bw’agahebuza mu bitero vyabo.

Abayoboke ba Hassan Sabah, bari bazwi kw’izina rya Assassins (twogereranya na Abicanyi), barabandanije iterabwoba mu bategetsi b’idini rya Islam n’abo mu yandi madini bo muri ako karere bakoresheje ubuhinga buteye ubwoba mu gutuza abo batavuga rumwe.

Bimwe mu bitero bikomeye bizwi cane vyakozwe n’aba-Assassins, harimwo igandagurwa ry’umuvizir (ni ukuvuga umushikiranganji ku bwami bw’ba-Ottoman) Nizam al-Mulk yari afise amabanga yo hejuru mu gihe c’ubwami bwa Alp Arslan n’umuhungu wiwe Malakshah.

Amasoko yo muri kahise avuga ko mu 1092, vizir Nizam al-Mulk yari ahitwa Ispahan ari kumwe na Sulutani Alp Arslan, niho haza umuhungu ari mu ba-Assassins yaje yigira nk’umusezi canke umunyamategeko, hanyuma ashitse akaba yasohoye imbugita yiwe yari yanyegeje aca aramucumita arapfa, hanyuma nawe aca afatwa n’incuti za Nizam al-Mulk ziramwica.

Aba-Assassins baragerageje kandi no kwica Saladin incuro zibiri, aho umwe muri bo yamucakira afise imbugita, ariko ararusimba yifashishije inkofero y’icuma yari yambaye musi y’igitambara co mu mutwe be n’inkinzo y’icuma yambara musi y’impuzu ziwe.

Mu 1167, umutware (rabbi) Benjamin de Tolède wo muri Espagne yakoze urugendo rw’imyaka 13 mu burasirazuba bwo hagati no muri Aziya. Mu kungene yasiguye Syria harimwo igishobora kuba ari insiguro za mbere z’ukungene Abanyabulaya babona aba-Assassins. Uno mutware yasiguye ko ari akarwi k’abarwanyi binyegeje mu bigo vyo mu misozi kandi bari barongowe n’umuyobozi w’amayobera yari azwi nka “Shekh wo ku musozi” (Cheikh de la Montagne).

Mu binjana bibiri vyakurikiye, abarwanyi ba gikristu (croisés) hamwe n’ingenzi zari zivuye mu buseruko baje batanga amakuru kuri aka karwi, aho batanze izindi nsiguro zikomeye ku vyari bizwi ku ba-Assassins. Vyavugwa ko bari abahinga mu bwicanyi, bigishijwe kuva mu bwana ingene bakoresha ubwiyorobetsi n’ububeshi, kandi ko bagamburukira cane umuyobozi wabo bitangira ubuzima igihe cose barinze baronka ikimenyetso kivuye iwe.

Igitero ca mbere c’ubwiyahuzi co mu gihe ca none ni icakozwe n’umugumutsi wo mu Burusiya ku wa 13 Ntwarante (3) 1881, kirondera umu-tsar (umwami) w’Uburusiya.

Umwe mu karwi k’abagumutsi b’Abarusiya kari kazwi nka Narodnaya Volya, umunya-Biélorussie Ignatiy Grentievsky, yaturikije ikibombe yari afise igihe Tsar Alexandre II yari avuye mu modoka yiwe kugira agenzure ahari hahejeje guturikira ikindi kibombe imbere y’aho gato, hafi y’imodoka zari zimuherekeje.

Nyene gukora iki gitero hamwe n’uyu mu-tsar bose barishwe mu masaha makeya hagati yabo.

Kamikaze

Ariko ibitero vy’ubwiyahuzi bizwi cane mu kinjana ca 20 vyabaye ibizwi nka "Kamikaze" vyakorwa n’Ubuyapani ku ngabo zari zishize hamwe (forces alliées/Allied Forces) mu gihe c’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose, vyahitanye ibihumbi n’ibihumbi vy’ingabo z’ibi bihugu vyongera bisambura amato y’intambara aharurwa muri mirongo mu myaka ya 1944 na1945.

Abakamikaze banyonga indege bagaseka n’ibigirankana mu bibanza vy’amatungo y’umwansi, cane cane ku mato y’intambara y’ibi bihugu vyari vyishize hamwe.

"Kamikaze" bisigura umudereva w’umwiyahuzi hamwe n’indege zikoreshwa mu bitero nk’ibiriko birakoreshwa cane mu ntambara yo muri Ukraine.

Ubuyapani bwahisemwo ubu buryo bwo kurwana ku rugero runini mu gihe c’intambara yo mu kigobe ca Leyte muri Gitugutu (10) 1944 bukaba bwabandanije bubukoresha gushika intambara iheze.

Kamikaze kandi gisigura "umuyaga mweranda", ijambo rifatiye ku gihuhusi cashwiragije amato y’intambara y’Abamongoliya (Mongolie) yari ageramiye Ubuyapani aturutse mu burengero hari mu mwaka wa 1281.

Indege za Kamikaze hafi zose zari iz’intambara isanzwe canke izikorera ibibombe zitari ziremereye cane, zikaba zagenda zitekeye amabombe n’igitoro c’inyongera imbere yo kuguruka no gushika aho zagenewe.

Abayapani kandi bari bahinguye igisasu ca misire canyongwa n’umudereva kugira ngo kigeme ibibanza vy’umwansi. Ibihugu vyari vyishize hamwe vyari vyataziriye iyi misire « Baka », bisigura ikigugu (imbécile) mu Kiyapani, kubera bavuga ko abanyonga izi misire bari ibigugu.

Umudereva nta buryo yari afise bwo kuyivamwo no guhunga mu gihe iyo misire yaba imaze kwambikwa ku ndege yategerezwa kuyirekura. Mu bisanzwe iyo misire yaraswa ku burebure bwa metero 7.500 uja hejuru no ku birometero 80 uvuye aho yaba irungitswe.

Iyo misire yaramanuka bukebuke itera ija aho yarungitswe, hanyuma igeze ku birometero bitanu, umudereva yaca yatsa imoteri zitatu zayo, zatuma iguruka ku muvuduka w’ibirometero 960 kw’isaha (960 km/h) itera ija kw’ihangiro. Ibiturika vyari muri iyo misire vyapima itoni irenga.

Ibitero vya Kamikaze vyasambuye amato y’intambara 34 vyongera vyonona ayandi yaharurwa mu majana muri iyo ntambara. Mu ntambara y’ahitwa Okinawa, ibi bitero vyahitanye igitigiri c’ingabo kitari bwigere kibaho mu ntambara ibereye ahantu hamwe, abantu bababa 5.000 bishwe navyo amato y’intambara 300 arasamburwa ayandi arononekara.

Abayapani barakoresheje ibi bitero vy’ubwiyahuzi, Kamikaze, ku rugero runini muri ino ntambara, kuko vyageze kuri 1900.

Bimwe mu vyasabwa ku badereva b’aba-Kamikaze, harimwo ko bategerezwa kuba batararongora kandi bafise uburambe mu bijanye no kugendesha indege. Kandi barahabwa inyigisho z’ukungene bagema ibibanza bategerezwa gutera n’ingene bakoresha ibirwanisho.

Ubwitange muri iyo ntambara bwafatwa ko ari ukurangura inshingano ku gihugu no ku mwami w’abami ku ruhande rw’abadereva b’aba-kamikaze, bukaba kandi n’uburyo bwo kwerekana ko badashobora guhemukira abanyagihugu b’Ubuyapani be no kwiha icubahiro.

Mu mezi ya nyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose, abadereva b’Abadagi barakoze ibitero vyasa n’ivy’ubwiyahuzi mu kurekurira indege zabo z’intambara mu ndege z’umwansi mu ntumbero yo kuzonona kugira ngo ntizishobore gukora ibitero ku bibanza vy’Ubudagi.

Mu misi ya nyuma y’intambara, abadereva bamwe bamwe b’Abadagi barakoze kandi n’ibitero nyavyo vy’ubwiyahuzi.

Kubera ibikorwa vya Kamikaze vy'Abayapani iri jambo ryarakwiriye ku isi yose ku bantu bose bakoze ibikorwa vy'ubwiyahuze bigamije kwiha inkumbi.

Amakamyo y’ubwiyahuzi yuzuye ibibombe

Mu mpera z’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose, ibitero vy’ubwiyahuzi vyarahagaze, muri ca gihe c’intambara y’ukwikekana hagati y’Ubuseruko n’Uburengero naho ni nk’uko ata gitero na kimwe c’ubwiyahuzi twigeze tubona gushika igihe Israel itera Libani.

Mu ntambara yabo yo guhangana n’umwansi, yarimwo ingabo zaharanira kurwanya ubusumbasumbane hamwe n’iz’abashiites ba Liban, harakoreshejwe ibitero vy’ubwiyahuzi ku ngabo za Israel. Kimwe nyamukuru muri ibi bitero cabaye icakozwe n’umunya-Syria Hamida Al-Taher yatwaye imodoka yuzuye ibibombe akayiseka ku kigo rusangi c’igisirikare ca Israel n’ica Libani y’Epfo mu ntaraya ya Jezzine mu 1985.

Ariko igitero c’ubwiyahuzi gikomeye gusumba ibindi vyose cabaye mu 1983, aho abakamikaze babiri b’umuhari wa Jihad ya ki-Islamu b’abashiite, wegereye umuhari Hezbollah wa Libani (uno muhari ukaba uhakana ko ata sano riri hagati yawo n’ibi bitero), bateye icicaro gikuru c’abasirikare barwanira mu mazi hamwe n’Abafaransa ku mugwa mukuru wa Libani, ku wa 23 Gitugutu (10) 1983.

Ibi bitero bibiri vyahitanye abasirikare barwanira mu mazi n’abarwanira kirere b’Abafaransa baharurwa mu majana bari barungitswe muri Libani mu rwego rw’ingabo mpuzamakungu.

Igitigiri c’ibi bitero bibiri kigera ku basirikare barwanira mu mazi b’Abanyamerika, hamwe n’abarwanira mu mazi no mu kirere b’Abafaransa, 299 bose hamwe.

Imbere y’ibi bitero bibiri vyasheshe amaraso, ibiro vy’ubuserukizi bwa Amerika i Beyrouth (umugwa mukuru wa Libani) vyaratewe nk’isaha indwi mu masaha y’ico gihugu, ku wa 18 Ndamukiza (4) 1983, n’umukamikaze, igihe ikamyo yari yuzuye ibibombe vyapima hafi itoni isetse iyo nyubakwa, abantu 63 bakaba barahatikiriye, muri bo hakaba harimwo Abanyamerika 17 barimwo intwazangabo umunani za CIA, abandi barenga ijana nabo barakomereka. Umuhari Jihad wa ki-Islam ni wo wiyitiriye iki gitero.

Inyuma y’aho, ibitero vy’ubwiyahuzi vyariyongereye birashika no mu turere dutandukanye tw’isi, cane cane mu karere k’Uburasirazuba bwo hagati, aho imihari y’Abanyepalestina ya Hamas na Jihad ya ki-Islam, yakoze ibitero vy’ubwiyahuzi bitari bike muri Israel, mu gihe Al-Qaïda yatanguye ibitero mirongo nk’ivyo, ihereye ku gitero ca Khobar muri Arabia Sawudite mu 1996. Ibitero vy’ubwiyahuzi vyarabaye kandi ku biro vy’ubuserukizi bwa Amerika muri Kenya na Tanzania ku mwanya umwe ku wa 07 Myandagaro, 1998.

Si ukuvuga ko ibitero vy’ubwiyahuzi vyose bishingiye kw’idini canke ku nshingano za « Jihad ». Abarwanyi b’umuhari Tigres de libération de l'Eelam tamoul (LTTE), bazwi nka Tigres tamouls/ Tamil Tigers barakoze ibitero bitari bike nk’ibi ku bibanza vya gisirikare muri Sri Lanka mu gihe c’urugamba rwo kurondera ubutaka bwabo, n’aho uno muhari w’aba-Tigres tamouls/Tamil Tigers utegamiye idini na rimwe.