"Project Freedom" ya Trump mu muhora wa Hormuz ni iki?

Umukuru w'igihugu wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Donald Trump, yatangaje ko yahagaritse mu gihe gito igikorwa gishasha cari giherutse gutanguzwa na Amerika, cari kigamije gufasha kuyobora ubwato bwaheze mu nzira kubera ko Iran yugaye umuhora wa Hormuz.

Trump yari yavuze ko ico gikorwa — ciswe Project Freedom — ari igikorwa c'ubutabazi "cagenewe kubohora abantu, amashirahamwe n'ibihugu bitakoze ikibi na kimwe." Iran yo yavuze ko ubwato bushobora gusa kurengana muri iyo nzira y'ingenzi ari uko buhawe uruhusha na yo.

Trump yatangaje ico gikorwa gishasha kuwa mungu. Kuva ico gihe, igisirikare ca Iran cavuze ko carashe ku bwato bw'intambara bwa Amerika kugira kibubuze guca muri uwo muhora, mu gihe Amerika ivuga ko yibije ubwato buto buto — ibintu vyateye impungenge ko agahengwe mu ntambara gashobora gusubira guhungabana.

Hanyuma haciye imisi ibiri gusa ico gikorwa gitangajwe — Trump yavuze ko kigira gihagarare "mu gihe gitoya" kugira barabe nimba Amerika na Iran boshobora gushika ku masezerano.

Ngibi ivyo tuzi ku bijanye na "Project Freedom" hamwe n'amakenga ariho ku bijanye n'uko uwo mugambi woshobora gutuma intambara isubira kwaduka cane.

Igisirikare ca Amerika cariko gishira mu ngiro gute ico gikorwa ?

Umuhora wa Hormuz wagumye wugawe kuva Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Israeli bitanguye ibitero vyo mu kirere kuri Iran ku wa 28 Ruhuhuma(2) , maze Iran na yo yishura mu kwugara iyo nzira nkenerwa icamwo hafi ibice 20% vy'igitoro hamwe na gaz bija ku masoko atandukanye y'isi.

Amerika ivuga ko abantu bakora mu bwato 22.500 bari mu bwato bw'ubudandaji 1.550 baheze mu kigobe ca Perse.

Hariko haraduka amakenga menshi ku bijanye n'ukubura ibikoresho hamwe n'ingaruka ku magara yo ku mubiri no mu mutwe vy'abo bantu basanzwe bakora mu bwato.

Ubuyobozi bwa gisirikare bwa Amerika bwo muri ako karere (US Central Command, Centcom) buvuga ko "ubwato bw'intambara bufise missile ziyoborwa neza, indege zirenga 100 zo ku butaka no mu mazi, indege za drones zikorera mu nzego zitandukanye, hamwe n'abasirikare 15.000" ari vyo biriko birakoreshwa muri ico gikorwa.

Mu nama yo gusigura ivy'ico gikorwa ku musi catangura kuwa mbere, umukuru wa Centcom, Amiral Brad Cooper, yavuze ko ubwato buva mu bihugu 87 bwari bwaheze muri ako karere, kandi ko Amerika yari yamaze kuvugana n'"ubwato bwinshi n'amashirahamwe atwara ibintu mu mazi kugira ibaremeshe gusubira gukoresha iyo nzira."

Ntivyari bizwi igihe ico gikorwa catangazwa nimba Amerika yari gutanga abasirikare baherekeza ubwo bwato.

Mick Mulroy, yahoze ari icegera c'umunyamabanga wa Amerika ajejwe kwivuna abansi akaba n'uwahoze mu gisirikare kirwanira mu mazi no ku butaka (Marines), yabwiye BBC ko yibaza ko igisirikare ca Amerika cari gushira inguvu cane mu gukingira mu kirere no mu kwirinda ibitero vya drone canke missile, aho guherekeza ubwato.

Yagize ati: "Ikibazo ni ukumenya nimba ubwato buzokwizera ko bushobora guca muri iyo nzira butagabweko ibitero, kandi ikiruta vyose ni ukumenya ico amashirahamwe y'ubwishingizi abivugako," - ivyo yabivuze imbere y'uko ico gikorwa gihagarikwa.

Yagize ati: "Ikibazo ni ukumenya nimba amato azogira icizere ko ashobora kurengana ata guterwa, kandi cane cane ikindi kintu gihambaye ni ico amashirahamwe y'ubwishingizi azobivugako," — ivyo yabivuze imbere y'uko ico gikorwa gihagarikwa.

Tim Wilkins, umuyobozi mukuru wa Intertanko, ishirahamwe rihagarariye abakoresha n'abafise ubwato bwigenga butwara igitoro, yabwiye BBC ko ubutegetsi bwa Trump butari bwashizeho uburyo bwo gufashanya mu gutunganya neza ico gikorwa, ivyo bikaba vyatumye abanywanyi baryo bagumana ubwoba ku bijanye n'umutekano wabo mu gihe borengana muri uwo muhora wa Hormuz.

Ubwato bwoba buriko buraca mu muhora wa Hormuz?

Ku mugoroba wo ku wa mbere, Centcom yavuze ko ubwato bwa Amerika busambura ibisasu vya misire biyoborwa bwariko burakora mu kigobe c'Abarabu "inyuma yo kurengana mu muhora wa Hormuz mu gushigikira Project Freedom."

Yongeyeko ko ingabo za Amerika ''zariko zirafasha cane mu kugerageza ko ubwato bw'ubudandaji bwongera guca muri uwo muhira," ariko ntiyatanze ido n'ido.

Centcom kandi yavuze iti: "Intambwe ya mbere, ubwato bubiri bw'ubudandaji bwo muri Amerika bwarashoboye kurengana neza mu muhora wa Hormuz kandi buri mu rugendo rwabwo mu mahoro ." Ariko kandi, nta makuru yatanzwe ku bijanye n'ubwo bwato ubwo ari bwo.

Ishirahamwe ritwara ibintu mu mazi rya Maersk ryemeje ko bumwe mu bwato bwaryo bwashoboye kuva mu kigobe, buherekejwe n'igisirikare ca Amerika..

Ariko ishami ry'igisirikare ca Irani rya , IRGC (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps), ryahakanye ko hari ubwato na bumwe bwaciye muri uwo muhora.

Ubu rero, kubera ko ico gikorwa co gufasha kuyobora ubwato cahagaritswe, ntibirasobanuka neza nimba ubundi bwato buzoshobora kurengana muri iyo nzira.

Irani yoba iriko irasa ku bwato bw'intambara bwa Amerika canke ubundi bwato busanzwe?

Inyuma y'amasaha make ibikorwa vya Amerika bitegekanijwe gutangura ku wa mbere, igisirikare ca Irani cavuze ko carashe ku "bwato bw'intambara bw'abansi b'abanyamerika n'Abaziyoniste ," ibintu kivuga ko Abanyamerika "birengagije".

Centcom yaciye ihakana ningoga ivyavuzwe na Irani ko ubwato bw'intambara bwoba bwaratewe na missile zibiri. Yemeje ko Irani yarashe missile ku bwato bw'intambara bwa Amerika hamwe no ku bwato bw'ubudandaji bwo muri Amerika, mu gihe drone hamwe n'ubwato buto buto vyakoreshejwe mu gutera ubwato bw'ubudandaji.

Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu (UAE), igihugu c'inshuti ca Amerika kiri mu Kigobe c'Abarabu, gisanzwe gikunze guterwa na Iran muri iyi ntambara, cavuze ko ubwato butwara igitoro bufitaniye isano na Adnoc, ishirahamwe rya leta rijejwe igitoro, bwatewe na drone zibiri igihe bwari buriko buraca mu muhora wa Hormuz.

Nta muntu yakomeretse, nk'uko ubushikiranganji bw'imigenderanire bwabitangaje. Haravuzwe kandi ko n'imiburiburi misile zitatu zategererewe mu kirere zitarashika ku ntego.

Igikekwa kon ari igitero carabaye ku bwato bwa Koreya y'Epfo butwara imizigo, bwari buhagaze muri uwo muhora w'amazi hafi ya UAE.

Umukuru wa Centcom, Cooper, yavuze ko zimwe mu ndege z'intambara za Amerika zo mu bwoko bwa kajugujugu zari mu gikorwa zakoreshejwe mu kwibiza ubwato butobuto butandatu bwa Irani bwariko buratera ubwato bw'abasivile. Irani yarabihakanye .

Irani yarashimangiye ko izofata "ingingo zikomeye" ku bwato bwose butazokoresha inzira yemewe n'ubutegetsi bwayo muri iyo nzira.

Umuntu mukuru ajejwe ibiganiro vya Irani yagirije Amerika guhungabanya umutekano w'ingendo z'ubwato biciye mu kwugara ibivuko vya Irani, avuga ko "ukuguma ibintu bimeze uku bitokwihanganirwa kuri Amerika."

Umuntu mukuru mu biganiro ya Irani yagiriza Amerika ko iriko ibangamira umutekano wo gutwara ibintu mu mazi biciye ku kuzibira ibivuko vya Irani, avuga ko "ukuguma ibintu biri uko biri bidashobora kwihanganirwa na Amerika."

Ku wa kabiri, Trump yavuze ko Amerika yahagaritse uwo mugambi mushasha bisabwe na Pakistan - igihugu kiriko kirahuza ibiganiro hagati ya Amerika na Irani hamwe n'ibindi bihugu.

Intambara ya Iran yoba igiye gusubira?

Igihe Trump yatangaza ku mbuga hwaniro ku wa kabiri ko ico gikorwa gihagaritswe, yavuze ko hari "intambwe zikomeye cane" zimaze guterwa mu gushika ku "masezerano ya nyuma kandi yuzuye" na Irani.

Yavuze ko n'aho ico gikorwa gihagaritswe, umuhora wa Hormuz uzoguma wugaye.

Ibiro vya Perezida wa Amerika (White House) vyabwiye BBC ko ata kindi vyokwongerako ku bijanye n'ubutumwa bwa perezida.

Ibinyamakuru vya reta ya Irani vyavuze ko ihagarikwa ry'ico gikorwa ryerekana ko Trump "yasubiye inyuma" kubera "ukunanirwa gukomeye" mu kugerageza gusubira kwugurura iyo nzira ihambaye mu rudandazwa rw'isi.

Grant Rumley, umuhinga mu vyo mu Buseruko bwo Hagati yakoreye ubutegetsi bwa Biden na Trump hagati ya 2018 na 2021, yavuze ko umugambi wo gucira inzira ubwato mu muhora wa Hormuz wari kuba "ugoye, ugoye cane''.

Imbere y'uko uhagarikwa, yavuze ko ico gikorwa coshobora gusaba inguvu za gisirikare zikomeye kuruta.

Yagize ati:

"Ndibaza ko abenshi bemera ko gusubira kw'intambara atari ikibazo co kumenya nimba bizobaho, ahubwo ari ikibazo c'igihe bizoberako."

Nitya Labh, umwe mu bahinga mu bijanye n'umutekano mpuzamakungu muri Chatham House i Londres mu Bwongereza, yavuze ko ico gikorwa ca Amerika cari "giteye ingorane zikomeye" kandi "gishobora gukomeza intambara."

Yongeyeko ko nimba "Project Freedom" ya Trump yashoboye gufasha ubwato bumwe guca muri iyo nzira y'amazi, "vyoba ari uguhumurizwa kw'igihe gito gusa" - kuko vyosaba ibikorwa biramba kugira ngo iyo nzira ihambaye isubire kwugururwa neza.

Mu kiganiro n'abamenyeshamakuru ku wa kabiri, umushikiranganji wa Amerika ajejwe kwivuna abansi, Pete Hegseth, yabajijwe nimba ibikorwa vya Amerika muri Hormuz vyasobanura ko agahengwe k'intambara karangiye.

Yishuye ati: "Oya, agahengwe k'intambara ntikarangiye. Uyu ni umugambi utandukanye kandi wihariye."

Umukuru w'ibiro bikuru vya gisirikare , General Dan Caine, yavuze ko naho Irani yarashe ku bwato bw'ubudandaji incuro icenda, igafata ubwato bubiri bw'imizigo, ikongera igatera igirikare ca Amerika incuro icumi kuva ku masezerano yo guhagarika intambara ku wa 8 Ndamukiza(4), ivyo bikorwa bitarashika ku rwego rwo gusubira intambara ikomeye muri kino gihe.