Menya impamvu uwakundanye n'umunyamahanga akurikirwa cyane mu Bushinwa

Laura Deng, Umushinwakazi utangaza amakuru ku mbuga za internet, yatangajwe n'ukuntu amafoto ajyanye n'umunsi mukuru wa Noheli wa mbere i London mu Bwongereza ari kumwe n'umukunzi we w'Umwongereza yakiranwe ubwuzu.

Ntiyari abyiteze ubwo mu myaka itatu ishize yafataga icyemezo cyo kuyatangaza ku rubuga nkoranyambaga rwa Xiaohongshu, rukora mu buryo busa n'ubwa Instagram.

Uretse ifoto yifashe (selfie) ari kumwe n'umukunzi we, ubutumwa bwari burimo n'amafoto y'impano, ikirugu cya Noheli n'ameza ajyanye n'umunsi mukuru ariho ibintu bijyanye na Noheli.

Ubwo butumwa (post) yatangaje bwakiriwe neza cyane kurusha ubundi butumwa yari asanzwe atangaza bujyanye n'ibigezweho n'uburyo bwo kwiyongerera ubwiza mu maso (maquillage), ndetse bwamuzaniye abamukurikira bashya babarirwa mu magana.

Kuva icyo gihe, uwo mugore w'imyaka 29 yahinduye umuvuno we ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, atangira gutangaza ibijyanye n'umubano we n'umukunzi we, avuga ku bintu adahuje n'umukunzi we bijyanye n'umuco.

Umubare w'abamukurikira wavuye ku bantu 1,000 ugera ku barenga 80,000.

Ibyo byatumye ashobora gushyira umukono kuri kontaro zo kwamamaza, buri kwezi zimwinjiriza amafaranga y'inyongera ama yuan (akoreshwa mu Bushinwa) ari hagati ya 3,000 na 70,000 (ni ukuvuga ari hagati ya 568,000 Frw na miliyoni 13 Frw).

Ubu asigaye ayongera ku mushahara we wo mu kazi asanzwe akora ko kwamamaza ibicuruzwa.

Nyuma yuko abantu barenga 10,000 batangiye kumukurikira, ibigo byo kwamamaza byatangiye kumwandikira. Ubu asigaye afite itsinda ry'abantu bane bashinzwe imirimo itandukanye, nko gukora za videwo, gucunga ibijyanye no kwamamaza no gushyiraho ingamba zo kongera abamukurikira.

Laura Deng n'umukunzi we Charles Thomas ni bamwe mu bantu babarirwa mu magana, ndetse ahubwo bagera no mu bihumbi, babana nk'abakundana bo mu moko atandukanye bamamaye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga mu Bushinwa.

Akenshi, umukunzi w'umunyamahanga aba ari umuzungu w'umugabo, naho abantu bakurikira izo konti ni abagore bakiri bato baba mu turere dukize cyane two mu Bushinwa.

Muri zo twavuga nka TJandClaire, konti itangazwaho n'umugore w'i Shanghai n'umugabo we w'Umunyamerika, imaze kugira abantu barenga miliyoni 3,8 bayikurikira kuri Douyin, urubuga rwo mu Bushinwa wagereranya na TikTok. 60% y'abo bantu ni abagore bafite hagati y'imyaka 18 na 30, nkuko bitangazwa na kompanyi Chan Mama y'ubusesenguzi bw'amakuru.

Ibyiyumviro n'akababaro

Muri Gicurasi (5) Deng yatangaje ko azashakana na Charles Thomas, nuko abafana benshi be bo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bamwoherereza ubutumwa bwo kumushima.

Umwe muri bo yaranditse ati: "Hashize igihe kirekire cyane nkurikira inkuru yawe, amaherezo tugiye kubona umunsi mukuru wawe!"

Li Chen, impuguke mu itangazamakuru wigisha kuri Kaminuza ya West Texas A&M University yo muri Amerika, agira ati:

"Ku bagore bakiri bato benshi, kubona ku mbuga nkoranyambaga umubano w'urukundo w'abantu bo mu moko atandukanye, ni nko gusoma igitabo cy'urukundo cyo ku mbuga za internet."

Uwo mugore wigisha kuri iyo Kaminuza yongeraho ati: "Ibyo bisubiza ibyiyumviro byabo ku gushaka [ubukwe], ariko binagaragaza ko batanyuzwe n'ukuri [n'ibiriho]."

Ubushinwa buracyari igihugu aho abagabo ari bo bafite ijambo cyane. Abagore baba bitezwe gukora myinshi mu mirimo yo mu rugo no kwita ku bana; ivangura mu kazi rikunze kubaho, ndetse mu myaka ya vuba aha ishize, nta mpinduka zo mu rwego rw'amategeko zabayeho.

Abashinwakazi bakiri bato barimo kurushaho kwanga inshingano zimenyerewe ko ari iz'abagabo n'abagore, nubwo leta ibasunikira ku gushaka no kubyara kubera ikigero kiri hasi cy'abana bavuka.

Mu mwaka wa 2023, abaturage b'Ubushinwa baragabanutse mu mwaka wa kabiri wikurikiranya. Bageze kuri miliyari 1 na miliyoni 409, ni ukuvuga ko bagabanutseho miliyoni 2,08 ugereranyije n'umwaka wabanje.

Bamwe mu bakurikira izi konti basa n'abafata ko umubano n'abo mu burengerazuba bw'isi (Uburayi n'Amerika) uba urimo uburinganire kurushaho, kandi ntabwo byanze bikunze ari ko biba bimeze.

Umuntu wakurikiraga konti ya Laura Deng yaratangaje ati: "Abagabo bo mu burengerazuba bakunze kwita ku muryango kurushaho kurusha abagabo b'Abashinwa."

Qian Huang, wigisha itangazamakuru kuri Kaminuza ya Groningen mu Buholandi, yemera ko uko gufata ibintu gutyo gushobora gusobanura ukwiyongera kw'abagore baharanira uburenganzira bwabo (bazwi nk'aba 'féministes') mu Bushinwa, by'umwihariko amatsinda y'imibereho y'ab'amikoro ari hagati na hagati n'ay'amikoro ari hejuru.

Uyu mugore wigisha kuri Kaminuza ya Groningen avuga ko abakurikirwa cyane ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bashyigikiye kudashaka na bo barimo kwamamara kurushaho.

Bikunze kubaho ko konti zahariwe abakundana bo mu moko atandukanye zigaragaza umugabo wo mu burengerazuba arimo gutapfuna ku biryo byo mu Bushinwa yumva uko bimeze, arimo kuririmba mu rurimi rwa Mandarin, arimo gusura ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa na ba mukerarugendo ho mu Bushinwa cyangwa arimo kureba uko ikoranabuhanga rikataje ryo mu Bushinwa rikora.

Videwo igaragaza Charles Thomas yambaye umwenda gakondo wo mu Bushinwa arimo atembera mu rubuga rwa Leicester Square rw'i London mu Bwongereza, ni imwe mu butumwa bwarebwe cyane kuri konti yo ku rubuga Xiaohongshu, ikoreshwa na Laura Deng.

Ubutumwa nk'ubwo butandukanye na videwo zatangajwe n'abanyamahanga bashyigikiye ubutegetsi bw'Ubushinwa, akenshi zigaragaza ubuzima bwa buri munsi bwo mu Bushinwa ndetse bagashyigikira aho Ubushinwa buhagaze ku bibazo biteje impaka, nk'amakimbirane hagati ya leta y'Ubushinwa na ba nyamucye b'aba Uyghur bo mu karere ka Xinjiang.

Abakurikirwa cyane bo kuri konti zivuga ku bakundana bo mu moko atandukanye ni gacye bavuga ku bibazo bya politike.

Deng, umaze imyaka 10 aba mu Bwongereza, afata ko ari ibintu bisanzwe kugaragaza umuco we ku mukunzi we no ku muryango w'umukunzi we.

Ati: "Mfite amashyushyu yo kubereka ibyiza by'Ubushinwa." Yongeraho ko uburyo abo mu burengerazuba bafatamo igihugu cye biterwa n'ukuntu itangazamakuru rikivuga nabi.

Deng yibuka ko ababyeyi b'umukunzi we batangaye ubwo yakoreraga urugendo rwa mbere mu Bushinwa. Baravuze bati: "Ibintu byinshi hano biracyari byiza nko mu Bwongereza."

Dr Huang, wa mwarimu wa kaminuza mu Buholandi, avuga ko ibintu nk'ibi ari "ugushyira imbere inyungu z'igihugu mu rwego rw'umuco" kuko hari inzika yo mu buryo bwa rusange ku myumvire yuko umuco w'Ubushinwa "wapfukiranwe" ku isi "itegekwa n'uburengerazuba".

Urugero, uruganda Christian Dior rw'ibijyanye n'imyambarire ihenze rwo mu Bufaransa, mu mwaka wa 2022 rwanenzwe cyane n'Abashinwa bo ku mbuga za internet, barushinja kwiyitirira ikanzu izwi nka "face de cheval", ikanzu gakondo ifite amateka ahera mu gihe cy'umuryango wa cyami wa Song wo mu Bushinwa (wabayeho kuva mu mwaka wa 960 kugeza mu mwaka wa 1279).

Mu mwaka wa 2016, Perezida w'Ubushinwa Xi Jinping yahimbye imvugo "icyizere mu muco". Bishatse kuvuga igitekerezo cyuko Umushinwa agomba guterwa ishema n'amateka ye n'umuco we bimaze imyaka ibihumbi.

Inama nkuru y'ishyaka rya gikomunisiti yahaye Xi manda ya gatatu mu mwaka wa 2022, ibintu bitari byarigeze bibaho mbere, ndetse ishyira "icyizere mu muco" muri raporo yayo ya nyuma.

Mu gihe umubano wabwo n'uburengerazuba wabaye mubi muri iyi myaka ya vuba aha ishize, Ubushinwa bwarushijeho kwihugiraho (kwisuzuma).

Internet iragenzurwa bikomeye mu Bushinwa, bivuze ko abakurikirwa cyane ku mbuga za internet (aba 'influencers') bavuga ku bakundana bo mu moko atandukanye "bagendera mu murongo w'ubutegetsi", nkuko Dr Chen abivuga.

Yongeraho ati: "Birashoboka ko batabikora ku bwo gushyira imbere inyungu z'igihugu, ariko bashobora kubyungukiramo."

Ariko gushyira imbere igihugu bishobora kugira ibibi n'ibyiza.

Wendy, utifuza kuvuga izina rye ry'umuryango, aba i Burayi aho abana n'umukunzi we w'Umufaransa, biyemeje kuzashakana (fiancé).

Akurikirwa n'abantu barenga 20,000 ku rubuga rwa Xiaohongshu, nubwo yirinda gukoresha imvugo nk'"abakundana bo mu moko atandukanye" cyangwa "abakundana b'imico itandukanye". Ibyo atangaza bigaragaza umukunzi we, birebwa cyane kurusha ibindi.

Ariko hari n'abandika kuri ubwo butumwa ibitekerezo by'urwango cyangwa by'irondabwoko. Hari n'ubwo yashinjwe ko asenga "uburengerazuba nk'ikigirwamana", ndetse hari n'ubwo yashinjwe ko ari maneko. Uko kumwibasira kwatumye konti ze zifungwa inshuro nibura eshatu.

Uwo mugore w'imyaka 28 yanakiriye ubusabe bwo gukorana n'inganda zitandukanye, ariko yumvise bitamunogeye kubera ibintu bidafite ishingiro kandi bitarimo ukuri byo mu butumwa yatewe inkunga ngo abwamamaze.

Ati: "Bashaka ko uhindura ibintu bikabamo urukundo rwinshi rushoboka."

Avuga ko atari bwo bwoko bw'ibintu yashakaga gutangaza mu ntangiriro ndetse ko ibyo byarangiye bigize ingaruka ku mubano we n'umukunzi we. Uyu mwaka, yanze kontaro zose yagejejweho zo guterwa inkunga.

Agira ati: "Ndashaka gusa guhamanya nanjye [n'umutima wanjye] no gutangaza ibihe by'ibyishimo."

Laura Deng yashinjwe gukoresha imbamutima zo gushyira imbere igihugu agamije kwimenyekanisha.

Ariko ashimangira ko nta kintu na kimwe yumva kuri politike ndetse ko ibyo atangaza bishingiye ku marangamutima ye no ku byo anyuramo.

Ati: "Abantu bakunda kureba ukuntu twebwe, Abashinwa, tugaragazanya ishema umuco wacu tuwereka abandi.

"Nta cyo bimbwiye icyo bavuga kijyanye n'ubutegetsi bwa politike. Niba nkunda gutangaza, nzakomeza kubikora."