Aba jenerari babiri barwanira kazoza ka Sudan ni bande?

Gen Burhan and Gen Dagalo in a composite image

Ahavuye isanamu, Getty Images

Insiguro y'isanamu, Gen Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (i bubamfu) na Gen Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (i buryo ) bompi barongoye ingabo zikomeye
    • Umwanditsi, James Copnall
    • Igikorwa, Umusesanguzi wa Sudan

Urwamo rw’ibisasu, ikirere cuzuye umwotsi ubabaje, wirabura, ubuzima bwa minsi yose mu bwoba no kutamenya ko buca mu gihe amasasu, roketi n’ibihuha biguma bicanacanako.

Ubuzima ku mugwa mukuru wa Sudan, Khartoum, no mu bindi bice vyinshi vy’igihugu, bwahindutse bukwi na bukwi mu nzira mbi.

Vyose bishingiye ku ba jenerari babiri: Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, umukuru w’ingabo za Sudan (SAF) na Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, azwi cane nka Hemedti, umukuru w’umugwi witwara bwa gisirikare wa Rapid Support Forces (RSF).

Abo bagabo barakoranye, batembagaza ubutegetsi bari kumwe – none ubu intambara y’uwoganza iriko iratabagura Sudan.

Imigenderanire y’abo bagabo ihera kure cane.

Bompi baragize uruhara rukomeye mu kurwanya abitwaje ibigwanisho bari bagararije muri Darfur mu ntambara yo mu ntara yo mu buseruko bwa Sudan yatanguye mu 2003.

Gen Burhan yahavuye ashingwa kurongora ingabo za Sudan muri Darfur.

Hemedti yari umukuru w’umwe mu migwi nyinshi yitwara gisirikare y’Abarabu, izwi muri rusangi nka Janjaweed, reta yakoresha mu kurwanya n’ububisha bwinshi imigwi yitwaje ibigwanisho ahanini isanzwe itari iy’Abarabu.

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Majak D'Agoot niwe yari icegera c’umukuru w’ibiro vy’iperereza ico gihe – imbere y’uko aba icegera c’umushikiranganji ajejwe kwivuna abansi muri Sudan y’Epfo igihe yiyonkora mu 2011.

Yarahuye na Gen Burhan na Hemedti muri Darfur, hanyuma avuga ko bakorana neza. Ariko yabwiye BBC ko atabona ikimenyetso c’uko bashobora kuduga gushika kw’isonga ry’igihugu.

Hemedti nta kindi yari atari ukuba umukuru w’umugwi witwara gisirikare ‘’wari ufise uruhara rwo kurwanya abitwaje ibigwanisho, ufasha igisirikare’’. Mu gihe Gen Burhan yari umusirikare yabigize umwuga, n’ubwo ‘’ kubera ishaka ry’ukurondera kuduga riri mu ntwazangabo za Sudan, vyose vyashoboka’’.

Igisirikare muri Sudan nico gitwara igihugu umwanya munini kuva igihugu kikironka intahe yo kwikukira.

Mu kurwanya abitwaje ibigwanisho bo muri Darfur, hakoreshwejwe ingabo z’igihugu, imigwi yitwara bwa gisirikare ishingiye ku moko hamwe n’ibigwanisho vyo mu kirere -ata kwitaho ingaruka ko banyagihugu basanzwe.

Darfur yavuzwe ko yabaye jenocide ya mbere yo mu kinjana ca 21 aho aba Janjaweed bavuzwe ko bakuzako mu kwica no kwomora bishingiye ku bwoko kandi bagakoresha gusambanya ku nguvu ikivunga nk’ikigwanisho co mu ntambara.

Hemedti yahavuye aba umukuru (komanda) w’ico umuntu yokwita icavyawe n’aba-Janjaweed, RSF yiwe.

An armed Sudanese rebel from the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) arrives at the abandoned village of Chero Kasi less than an hour after Janjaweed militiamen set it ablaze

Ahavuye isanamu, Getty Images

Insiguro y'isanamu, Imigwi y'aba-Janjaweed yagirijwe gukuzako bishingiye ku moko hamwe no gusambanya ku nguvu mu ntambara yo muri Darfur

Ububasha bwa Hemedti bwakomeye cane igihe yatangura gutanga ibigwanisho vyo kurwanira urunani rurongowe na Arabia Saudite mu ntamabara yo muri Yemen.

Umutegetsi wa gisirikare wa Sudan ico gihe, Omar al-Bashir, yahavuye yishimikiza Hemedti na RSF mu kugabanya ububasha bw’igisirikare c’igihugu, yizeye ko vyari kugorana cane ko umugwi umwe uri wonyene wari gushobora kumutembagaza.

Amaherezo, inyuma y’amezi y’imyiyerekano y’abanyagihugu – aba jenerari bahavuye baja hamwe kugira batembagaze Bashir, muri Ndamukiza mu 2019.

Mu mpera z’uwo mwaka baciye bagiranira amasezerano n’abagize imyiyerekano yo gushinga reta irongowe n’aba-civil ariko igakurirwa n’inama y’igihugu, ihuriramwo abasivire (civil) n’abasirikare, Gen Burhan akaba umukuru wayo, Hemedti icegera ciwe.

Yamaze imyaka ibiri -gushika muri Gitugutu mu 2021 – igihe abasirikare baca bigarurira ubutegetsi bonyene, n’ubundi Gen Burhan ari we ari kw’isonga nk’umukuru w’igihugu, Hemedti n’ubundi akaba icegera ciwe.

Siddig Tower Kafi yari umusivire (civil) yari mu bagize inama y’igihugu, akaba rero yarabonana cane n’abo bagabo babiri.

Avuga ko ata kimenyetso c’uko batumvikana yari bwabone gushika inyuma y’itembagazwa ryo mu 2021.

Hanyuma ‘’Gen Burhan yaciye atangura kugarukana abashingiye ku vyiyumviro bikaze vya Islam [Islamists] hamwe n’abahora muri reta ya kera mu bibanza bahoranwo’’, nk’uko yabwiye BBC.

‘’Vyariko biragaragara ko umugambi wa Gen Burhan wari uwo kugarukana ubutegetsi bwa Omar al-Bashir.’’

Coup d'etat zabaye muri Sudan

Siddig avuga ko ico gihe ari ho Hemedti yatanguye kugira amakenga, kuko yumva ko abagenzi ba Bashir batari barigeze vy’ukuri bamwizera.

Poritike ya Sudan yamye yiziziwe n’abantu bava mu migwi y’ubwoko yo mu micungararo ya Khartoum na River Nile.

Hemedti ava muri Darfur, kandi abari mu butegetsi muri Sudan rimwe na rimwe bamuvuga mu majambo y’agasuzuguro, ngo ni ‘’imyungu yo mu gihugu’’ itabereye gutwara igihugu.

Mu myaka ibiri canke itatu iheze, yaragerageje kwiha ikibanza ku rwego rw’igihugu, mbere nk’uwuserukira ibice bititabwaho – agerageza kwunga urunani n’abitwaje ibigwanisho bo muri Darfur na Kordofan y’Epfo ubwa mbere yari yigeze gushingwa gusambura.

Yaranavuze kenshi ko hakenewe demokrasi n’ubwo imigwi yiwe muri kahise yatururuje mu bubisha ntangere abanyagihugu bari mu myiyerekano.

Icuka kibiri hagati y’igisirikare na RSF caduze uko isango ryo gushinga reta y’igi-sivire (civil) ryagenda riregereza, kigashingira ku kibazo gihambaye c’ingene RSF yari kwinjizwa mu ngabo z’igihugu.

Flames and smoke on the horizon

Ahavuye isanamu, Getty Images

Insiguro y'isanamu, Imbeya n'umwotsi biraboneka muri Khartoun mu gihe ingabo zitegekwa n'abo bagabo babiri ziriko ziragwana

Noneho gutana mu mitwe biraruha biraduka, hagati y’aba RSF ya Hemedti na Gen Burhan, bagwanira gutwara igihugu.

Nibura mu nzira imwe, Hemedti yageze ikirenge mu c‘abategetsi ba SAF, ubu ariko aragwanya- mu myaka mike iheze, yarubatse urudandazwa runini kandi rukomeye cane, harimwo inyungu mu butare bw’inzahabu no mu bindi bisata vyinshi.

Gen Burhan na Hemedti bompi barahanzwe n’amajwi y’indongozi za gi-sivire n’abakozweko n’intambara muri Darfur n’ahandi basaba ko boshirwa imbere y’ubucamanza ku vyaha bavugwa ko bakoze.

Ibibazo birakomeye cane, kandi hari imvo nyinshi z’uko aba bahoze basenyera ku mugozi umwe ariko bakaza kwankana urunuka ata n’umwe yohesha.