Ni gute drones za 'kamikaze' zikoreshwa n’Uburusiya muri Ukraine?

Ukraine yagiriza Uburusiya ko bukoresha indege “z’ubwiyahuzi” (kamikaze) zo mu bwoko bwa drones (indege zitagira abadereva) mu gutera ibibanza vya gisivire i Kyiv.

Izi ndege ziremeka amabombe aturika iyo akoze ku kintu, agasambura izi drones mu guturika kwayo.

Drone 'y'ubwiyahuzi' y’Uburusiya ni iki?

Bizwi ko kuva hagati mu kw’icenda, Uburusiya buriko bukoresha drone yo mu bwoko bwa Shahed-136 yatanzwe na Irani mu ntambara yabwo muri Ukraine.

Iyi ndege izwi kandi n’Uburusiya kw’izina rya Geranium-2 ifise ibibombe ku kizuruzuru cayo ikaba izwi ko ibanza gukizura ikibanza yarungitsweko imbere y’uko ihabwa uburenganzira bwo kugiseka.

Shahed-136 ifise ibaba ry’imetero zababa 2,5 kandi bifise kugorana ko ibonwa na vya vyuma bicungera ikirere (radars).

Ntibizwi neza igitigiri Uburusiya bufise, ariko Amerika ivuga ko Irani yateguye kuburungikira amajana n’amajana. Irani irahakana ibi.

Drones zimaze kwonona iki muri Ukraine?

Uburusiya bwatanguye kuvugwa ko bwakoresheje drone yo mu bwoko bwa Shahed-136 ku ncuro ya mbere ku wa 13 z’ukw’icenda, mu gutera ibibanza biri hafi ya Kupiansk, igisagara kiri mu ntara ya Kharkiv iri mu buseruko bw’igihugu.

Inyuma y’igihe muri uko kwezi nyene, yakoreshejwe mu bitero vyakozwe mu bumanuko. Ibisigarira vy’izi drones vyagiye gutorwa i Odesa na Mykolaiv.

Mu kw’icumi, drones za Shahed-136 zaguye mu turere dutuwemwo n’abasivire mu gisagara ca Bila Tserkva, mu bumanuko bwa Kyiv.

Uburusiya bushobora kuba buriko bukoresha izi drones hagukoresha ibisasu vya misire kubera zisa n’izizimbutse – ku giciro cababa amadorari 20.000 ya Amerika imwe imwe.

Ukraine irwana nazo gute?

Ingabo za Ukraine zikoresha misire zikorora indege be n’ubuhinga bwo kuyovya mu ntumbero yo kugerageza kumanura izi drones.

Mu ntango z’uku kw’icumi, ingabo za Ukraine zavuze ko zakoroye 60% za drone zose zo mu bwoko bwa Shahed-136 zinjiye mu gihugu.

Justin Crump , umuhinga mu vya gisirikare, yabwiye BBC ati: "Zigendera hafi kandi ushobora kuzirungika ica rimwe ari nyinshi.

"Iri segenya rya drones ntiryoroshe kurwanya ukoresheje ubuhinga bwo gucungera ikirere”.

Ukraine yoba imaze gukoresha izi drones 'z’ubwiyahuzi'?

Ntibiramenyekana neza nimba Ukraine yoba imaze gukoresha izi ndege, ariko abahinga bemeza ko zishobora kuba zarakoreshejwe mu bitero biheruka ku kirindiro c’ingabo z’Uburusiya mu burengero bwa Crimea, ku kirindiro c’ingabo zirwanira mu kirere hafi ya Sevastopol, be no ku mato yo ku kivuko ca Sevastopol.

Dr Marina Miron, umushakashatsi kw’ishure kaminuza King's College London, avuga ati: "Uravye ibiturika muri bino bitero, ni bito cane. Nibaza ko izi ari drones zahinguwe n’abacuzi, zikambikwako n’ibiturika”.

Ni izihe drone zindi Ukraine n’Uburusiya bifise?

Drone nyamukuru y’igisirikare ca Ukraine ni Bayraktar TB2 yakozwe na Turukiya. Ni indege ntoya, ifise amacameras kandi ishobora kwambikwako amabombe.

Intambara igitangura, Ukraine yari ifise “izidashika 50”, nk’uko bivugwa na Dr Jack Watling wo mu kigo c’abahinga Royal United Services Institute (Rusi).

Amerika ivuga ko iriko irarungikira Ukraine drones 700 zo mu bwoko buzwi nka Switchblade, nazo nyene zikaba ari drones z’ubwiyahuzi.

Uburusiya bukoresha kandi drone "ntoya, iri hasi cane” yo mu bwoko bwa Orlan-10, ifise camera kandi ishobora kwikorera amabombe matomato.

Izi drones za gisirikare zikoreshwa gute?

Ku mpande zompi – Uburusiya na Ukraine – drones zabaye kirumara mu kubona aho umwansi aherereye no gutera vya muzinga.

Dr Watling ati: "Ingabo z’Uburusiya zishobora gukoresha iminota hagati y’itatu na cumi mu gushikana inkoho ku kibanza cabonywe na Orlan-10 kugira zihangane n’umwansi”.

Igitero gishobora gufata iminota 20-30 kugira kibe.

Dr Marina Miron avuga ko drones zafashije Ukraine kwagura akarere k’ingabo.

Mu ndwi nkeya za mbere z’iyi ntambara, drones za Ukraine zo mu bwoko bwa Bayraktar zarahayagizwa cane.

Dr Miron ati: "Zerekanwa ziriko ziratera ibibanza bimwe bimwe nk’ahanyegeje ibirwanisho, kandi zaragize uruhara mu gusenyura ubwato bw’intambara Moskova”.

Ariko Bayraktar drone ndende kandi igenda bukebuke, Uburusiya bukaba bwarashoboye kuyituza bukoresheje ubuhinga bwabwo bwo gucungera ikirere.

Drones zitari iza gisirikare ziriko zikoreshwa gute?

Drones za gisirikare zirazimvye kugira uzisubirize - Bayraktar TB2 imwe gusa igurwa hafi imiriyoni zibiri z’amadorari y’Abanyamerika.

Rero, impande zompi – ariko cane cane Ukraine – zikoresha ntoya zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi, nka DJI Mavic 3, igurwa amadorari yababa $1.930.

Izi drones zo mu bucuruzi zishobora kwambikwako amabombe mato mato. Ariko zikoreshwa cane cane mu guhiga umwansi no gukora ibitero.

Dr Miron ati: "Ukraine ntinganya ibirwanisho n’Uburusiya. Kugira ‘amaso mu kirere’ kugira ubone ibibanza ushobore no kubitera bisigura ko bashobora gukoresha neza ivyo bafise”.

Ariko drones z’ubucuruzi zifise ubushobozi buto cane ugereranije n’iza gisirikare.

Akarorero, DJI Mavic ishobora gushika ku birometero 30 gusa, ikaba ishobora kuguruka gushika ku minota 46 gusa.

Uburusiya bukoresha ubuhinga bwa elektroniki mu kuzirasa, nk’uko Dr Miron abivuga.

Avuga ati: "Ingabo z’Uburusiya zifise ibirwanisho vyo mu bwoko bwa Stupor bishobora kurasa imishwarara”. Ibi bituma drone idashobora kugenda ikoresheje ubuhinga bwa GPS, nk’uko abisigura.

Ingabo z’Uburusiya zirakoresha kandi n’ubuhinga buca ku ngurukanabumenyi, nka Aeroscope mu gutora no gukata itumatumanako hagati ya drones z’ubucuruzi n’abazikoresha.

Ubu buhinga bushobora gutuma drone ikoroka cane igasubira ku kirindiro, igashobora kuyibuza kurungika inkuru.