Umwami w’u Rwanda we yashyingurwaga ate?
Umwami, Umwamikazi, si rubanda rusanzwe, ibi byongeye kuboneka mu gihe isi yakurikiranaga imihango yo gushyingura Umwamikazi w’Ubwongereza Elizabeth II.
Ubwami butaracibwa mu Rwanda, no mu bihugu bindi byo mu karere, iyo umwami yapfaga habaga imihango ikomeye yo kumushyingura ndetse n’ibigendanye n’icyunamo.
Mu Rwanda ho hariho n’imvugo zihariye mu buzima bw’Umwami. Umunyamateka Jean de Dieu Nsanzabera avuga ko aya magambo ari umwihariko ku bami b’u Rwanda gusa, ko mu ikeshamvugo ryemewe adakoreshwa ku bami b’ahandi.
Amwe mu magambo yakoreshwaga ku bami b’u Rwanda (dukoresha no muri iyi nkuru)
- Gutanga – Gupfa k’Umwami
- Umugogo – Umurambo w’Umwami
- Gutabarizwa – Gushyingurwa
- Umusezero – Imva, Irimbi ry’abami cyangwa se aho batangiye
Nta mwamikazi ubaho mu Rwanda
Ahavuye isanamu, Rwanda Museum
Umwamikazi nk’izina n’umwanya w’ubutegetsi ntibyigeze bibaho mu Rwanda, nk’uko umusizi, umwanditsi akaba n’umunyamateka Jean de Dieu Nsanzabera yabibwiye BBC.
Agira ati: “Mu Rwanda hategekaga Umwami, agatwarana na nyina, umwe akaba umugabe undi akaba umugabekazi.”
Umwami w’u Rwanda yarangwaga no kugira abagore benshi, nabo bari mu byiciro bitatu nk’uko abisobanura;
- Umugore w’ingabwa: umugore wavaga mu bwoko (urugero Abega) bubyara abami kandi nyuma akazaba umugabekazi
- Abagore b’Ibwami: Abandi bagore b’Umwami baba ibwami bahishiraga umugore w’ingabwa ngo atamenyakana hakiri kare
- Abagore b’igihango: Abagore b’Umwami bo mu ngo ze hirya no hino mu gihugu bacunga imitungo n’abagaragu be, niho yaruhukiraga yagiye kureba rubanda rwe
Gutangaza ko Umwami yatanze
Nsanzabera avuga ko iyo umwami yatangaga hari umwiru - umwe mu bagize itsinda ry’abiru – wari ushinzwe kubitangariza igihugu.
Ati: “Hari umwiru witwaga Umwiru wo kwa Nyamweru - kuko yahoze afite umurwa we [ubu ni] mu mudugudu wa Nyamweru mu kagari ka Nyamweru mu murenge wa Kanyinya mu karere ka Nyarugenge - uyu mwiru akomoka mu muryango mugari w’abakono.
“Niwe wafataga iya mbere mu gutangaza ko Umwami yatanze.”
Icyo gihe igihugu cyahitaga cyinjira mu gihe cyo kwirabura (icyagereranywa n’icyunamo cy’ubu) aho ibikorwa by’ibwami byahitaga bihagarara hakaba ituze mu gihugu.
Ati: “Ibi ariko ntabwo byavugaga ngo abantu barire, cyangwa bihanganishe abantu, oya… Abantu bakwiye kumenya ko ijambo ikiriyo ari igiswahili biva ku ‘kulia’ cyangwa kurira, kandi Abanyarwanda ubundi ntabwo baririraga umuntu mukuru wapfuye.”
Ibi turabigarukaho….
Gutabariza Umwami n’imihango yabyo
Gutabariza (gushyingura) abami b’u Rwanda byakorwaga mu byiciro bitewe n’amazina yabo, nk’uko Nsanzabera abivuga.
Amazina no gukurikirana kw’abami b’u Rwanda bakurikiranaga muri ubu buryo kuri buri ngoma eshanu;
Habanzaga Mutara>>> hagakurikiraho Kigeli >>> Mibamwe>>> Yuhi>>> hanyuma Cyirima. Aha ntiharimo abami b’imishumi ba cyera cyane bari bafite amazina nka Ndahiro, Nsoro, Ruganzu n’abandi…
Abami b’u Rwanda ntabwo bagiraga imisezero imwe (amarimbi y’abami cyangwa ahantu haguye umwami nubwo yaba atarahatabarijwe).
Nsanzabera ati: “Niyo mpamvu uzabona ahantu hose mu Rwanda hitwa Musezero ni uko [habaga] haraguye Umwami cyangwa hari irimbi ry’abami.”
Ahavuye isanamu, Illustration
Umusezero wajyanaga n’izina
Nsanzabera avuga ko mu Rwanda hari imisezero (amarimbi) itatu y’abami.
- Umusezero wa Kayenzi, uri mu karere ka Kamonyi y’ubu, watabarizwagamo abami bitwa ba Cyirima na Mutara
- Umusezero wa Rutare, ubu ni mu karere ka Gicumbi, watabarizwagamo abami bitwa ba Kigeli na Mibambwe
- Hamwe n’imisezero ibiri; y’i Remera y’Abaforongo n’uwa Busigi hafi ya Tumba (hombi ni muri Rulindo) hatabarizwaga ba Yuhi
Imva imeze nk'inzu
Nsanzabera avuga ko imva y’Umwami yari ifite umwihariko mu bunini n’ibindi bintu bayishyiragamo.
Ati: “Umusezero w’Umwami ntabwo wanganaga n’izi metero ebyiri bashyinguramo umuntu muri iki gihe, wabaga ukoze mu buryo imva ye irimo inguni nyinshi, bakayubaka nk’abukaba inzu yari asanzwe atuyemo.
“Bashakaga intango z’imitsama n’ibicuma bagatereka mu musezero we bavuga bati ‘aho ari atazicwa n’inyota azakomeza asomeho’.
“Niba yari indwanyi bakamushyingurana amacumu ye yarwanishaga.”
Mu muhango wo kumutabariza niho wa mwiru wa Nyamweru yanatangazaga usimbuye Umwami watanze, ibyo bikaba mbere y’uko umugogo w’umwami watanze wururutswa mu irimbi, nk’uko uyu munyamateka abivuga.
Umwami niwe watabarizaga uwo azunguye.
Nsanzabera avuga ariko ko nk’Umwami Kigeli - kuko yari umwami w’intambara - yabaga yaratangaje akiriho uzamusimbura, akamutoza, akamutegura, kuko byaba byitezwe ko Kigeli ashobora kugwa ku rugamba.
Ahavuye isanamu, Jean de Dieu Nsanzabera
Kwirabura no kwera
Kwera ni ugusoza igihe cyo kwirabura uyu munyamateka avuga ko ab’ubu bagereranya n’igihe cy’ikiriyo cyangwa icyunamo.
Ati: “Nabyo byaterwaga n’Umwami watanze, nka Kigeli igihe cyo Kwirabura cyashoboraga kumara imyaka itatu. Naho abandi byamaraga amezi atarenze atatu.”
Nsanzabera avuga ko iki cyabaga ari igihe cy’ituze mu gihugu “nk’uku ubu ubona hururutswa amabendera, imanza n’ibikorwa by’ibwami bikaba bihagaze ngo umwami abanze atabarizwe habe no kwera.”
Ibi ariko avuga ko bitandukanye n’ikiriyo cyo muri iki gihe, aho abantu baririra ababo bapfuye bakanihanganishwa n’inshuti n’imiryango.
Ati: “Mu Rwanda umuntu baririraga yapfuye ni umwana, nabwo ni uko bavugaga ko agiye ntacyo arakorera igihugu, naho umuntu wapfuye ari mukuru, cyangwa umwami watanze afite ibigwi, bakoraga ibirori bakabyina bakanywa bati ‘Intwari icyuye imihigo yayo’ ubundi nta muntu uririrwa kuko yapfuye kuko bizera ko nta munyarwanda upfa ahubwo agenda akazagaruka.”
Ubwami bwaciwe mu Rwanda mu 1962 busimburwa na repubulika, ariko Umwami wa nyuma warwo, Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yatanze mu Ukwakira (10) 2016 ari mu buhungiro i Virginia, muri Amerika.
Yatabarijwe i Nyanza mu Rwanda muri Mutarama (2017) nyuma y’amezi y’impaka, n’urubanza muri Amerika, imihango yo gutabarizwa yakorerwaga abandi bami ba cyera ntayo yakorewe kuko nta bwami bukibaho mu Rwanda.
