Menya uru rubibe rucungerewe bikomeye hagati ya Korea zompi, ingabo zazo zirabana ay'ingwe

N’aho izina ryako risigura igihushane, akarere katagira ingabo ka Korea, kazwi nka Zone Démilitarisée/Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), kari mu mipaka icungerewe gisirikare mu buryo bukomeye kw’isi.

Kujabuka uru rubibe bisa n’ibidashoboka kubera ingabo nyinshi zihari – hakiyongerako y’uko ari akarere amategeko abuza kwegera ku mpanze zompi za Korea – ibi rero bigatuma kavugwa cane rwose mu binyamakuru iyo hagize uwubahuka akajabuka.

Mu myaka hafi 70 kamaze, abantu bashoboye kujabuka uru rubibe ni imparurwa, mu bisanzwe aba bakaba ari abanya-Korea ya Ruguru bahungira mu y’Epfo barondera ubuzima bwiza, canke abanya-Korea y’Epfo bafata ingingo yo kuja mu ya Ruguru kubera ivyo baharanira canke ku zindi mvo.

Ibiherutse kuba kuri Travis King vyovyo ni ibidasanzwe kuko ni umusirikare wa Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

King, umwe mu basirikare 28.500 Amerika ifise muri Korea y’Epfo yari mu bihano kubera inyifato mbi mu mayinga aheze, yajabutse urubibe ku wa kabiri yinjira muri Korea ya Ruguru ata ruhusha afise kandi n’ibigirankana, nk’uko abategetsi ba Amerika na Korea y’Epfo babivuga.

Bafata ko King apfungiwe muri ico gihugu, bakaba barimwo kugerageza kuvugana n’igisirikare ca Korea ya Ruguru mu kugerageza gutorera umuti ikibazo ciwe.

Ikimenyetso c’intambara itarahera

Aka karere ka DMZ gafise ubwaguke bw’ibirometero bine (4km) n’uburebure bw’ibirometero 263 (263 km) kakaba kagabura Korea ya Ruguru igendera ku ntwaro ya gikomunista na Korea y’Epfo igendera ku ntwaro ya gikapitalisti.

Gafatwa nk’ikimenyetso ca mbere c’uguhangana hagati y’ibi bihugu bibiri, mu bisanzwe bifatwa nk’ibikiri mu ntambara kubera Intambara ya Korea (1950-53) yarangiriye ku masezerano y’agahengwe atigeze asubirirwa n’amasezerano y’amahoro yo guhagarika intambara burundu.

Aka karere katagira abasirikare kashinzwe mu 1953 igihe haterwa igikumu ku masezerano y’agahengwe hagati y’ibi bihugu bibiri inyuma y’intambara y’imyaka itatu yihaye inkumbi ikaba yarangiye ata ruhande na rumwe rutsinze, abantu bangana n’imiriyoni zitanu bagizwe n’abasivire hamwe n’abasirikare bakaba barayitikiriyemwo.

Aya masezerano y’agahengwe yagenye aka karere nk’akarere kategamiye uruhande na rumwe ko kubanguranirizamwo izi mpande zompi mu gihe hoba imishamirano, gushika hatewe igikumu ku masezerano y’amahoro yo guhagarika intambara burundu, ibitigeze biba.

Amasezerano y’agahengwe yatewereko igikumu mu gisagara ca Panmunjom, ari naho hari akarere rusangi k’umutekano (Joint Security Area, JSA), hakaba ari ho habereye ibiganiro kandi ari naho ingabo zicungereye urubibe ku mpande zompi zihagaze zirabana amaso mu yandi.

Umurongo werekana urubibe hagati ya Korea ya Ruguru na Korea y’Epfo, hamwe kandi n’utuzu tuberamwo imibonano hagati y’abanya-Korea, ni ibimenyetso bibiri muri nyamukuru biranga iki kibanza, kuva mu myaka mirongo iheruka bikaba vyagiye kuba ibibanza bigenderwa cane n’ingenzi mvamakungu bagendera ibi bihugu vyompi

Umushinge w’impinduka zikomeye muri kahise

Izi Korea zibiri zagiye zirangwa n’ibihe bitari bike vy’imishamirano n’agahengwe mu myaka 70 iheze, aho mu biheruka habaye ukuganira n’umwumvikano hagati y’amareta yompi mu rwego rwo kurondera ingene muri kazoza ibi bihugu vyompi vyozokwiyunga bigasubira kuba igihugu kimwe, na rirya indyane za kino gihe zishingiye kuri poritike, kandi vyompi bikaba bisangiye iragi mu vya kahise, amoko, n’imico.

Nico gituma aka karere ka DMZ kagiye kaba ku ncuro nyinshi ihuriro ry’ibiganiro n’imibonano, n’aho hagiye haba imishamirano n’uruhagarara vy’ubwoko bwose.

Uru rubibe rwaramenyekanye cane mu gihe c’agahengwe kizwi nka “politique du rayon de soleil/Sunshine Policy” (twogereranya mu Kirundi na poritike y’umuco w’izuba) hagati ya 1998 na 2008, igihe ca mbere gikomeye c’agahengwe gushika ubu.

Ubu bwa vuba, mu 2018, Panmunjom yarakiriye umubonano hagati y’abategetsi b’ibi bihugu vyompi wabaye uwudasanzwe muri kahise k’ibi bihugu kuko bwari ubwa mbere kuva ku Ntambara ya Korea haba Indongozi ya Korea ya Ruguru ihonyoza ikirenge ku butaka bwa Korea y’Epfo.

Mu 2019, Donald Trump yabaye umukuru w’igihugu wa mbere wa Amerika akiri ku butegetsi yahonyoje ikirenge ku butaka bwa Korea ya Ruguru, igihe yabonana n’indongozi ya Korea ya Ruguru Kim Jong-un mu karere ka DMZ.

Imishamirano n’uruhagarara

Aka karere kaguma gacunzwe kandi gakorerwako amarondo ya buri gihe n’ingabo za Korea ya Ruguru, iza Korea y’Epfo ziri kumwe n’iza Amerika.

Nta basivire ushobora kubona muri aka karere canke ibibanza bituwemwo n’abanyagihugu canke bikorerwamwo ubucuruzi, ivyatumye haba amashamba meza, ikintu kibuze mu turere tutari duke, nk’akarorero muri Korea y’Epfo ifise abanyagihugu b’umurengera.

Hanyuma kandi, n’aho gacungerewe cane, akarere ka DMZ kagiye kabonekamwo ibikorwa vy’ubugizi bwa nabi.

Mu 1976 abasirikare babiri ba Amerika barapfuye batewe n’abanya-Korea ya Ruguru bari bitwaje amashoka.

Mu 2017, umusirikare wa Korea ya Ruguru yarashoboye gutoroka igihugu ciwe yinjira muri Korea y’Epfo. N’aho yarashwe amasasu atanu ariko arahunga, yarashoboye kurokora.

Igitigiri gito c’abanya-Korea ya Ruguru barashoboye kujabuka urubibe kandi n’abanya-Korea y’Epfo nabo nyene barashoboye kwinjira muri Korea ya Ruguru.

Hagati aho, kujabuka uru rubibe ni ikintu kigoye cane ku buryo benshi mu banya-Korea ya Ruguru bagerageza guhungira muri Korea y’Epfo bemera bagafata ingendo mbi z’ibirometero biharurwa mu bihumbi bakinjira mu Bushinwa bafise intumbero yo kurondera igihugu kigira gatatu barondera ubuhungiro.

Kubera ihindagurika muri poritike z’ibi bihugu no mu bijanye n’imigenderanire mpuzamakungu, aka karere ka DMZ karacari urubibe rwonyene mu kinjana ca 21 gatandukanya igihugu cigabuyemwo kubiri kubera butandukane bwa poritike mu gihe ca ya ntambara y’ukwikekana (Guerre froide/Cold War).