Kenya yiyemeye kuja gufasha Haïti kurwanya imirwi y'inkorabara mu gihugu, ubwo izobishobora?

Igihugu ca Kenya ciyemeje kurongora ingabo mpuzamakungu muri Haïti, mu kamo gaherutse guterwa n’umushikiranganji wa mbere w’ico gihugu co muri Karayibe (Caraïbes/Carribean) mu kugarukana umutekano.

Haïti imaze imyaka irenga mirongo irangwamwo imirwi y’inkozi z’ikibi, ariko ubu ibintu vyararenze inkombe inyuma y’igandagurwa ry’umukuru w’iki gihugu Jovenel Moïse muri Mukakaro (7) 2021.

Iyi mirwi yarigaruriye uturere tutari duko tw’igihugu, aho ikoresha iterabwoba ikica amajana n’amajana y’abanyagihugu.

Umunyamabanga mukuru wa ONU, António Guterres, yatangaje ko hakenewe "ugukoresha inguvu zikomeye" kugira ngo iyo mirwi yakwe ibirwanisho hanyuma umutekano ubone kugaruka.

Kenya ivuga iki?

Kenya iherutse gutangaza ko igiye kuzorungika abapolisi 1000 muri Haïti.

Igihe iki ciyumviro gitangwa ubwa mbere, hari mu kw’indwi, abategetsi ba Kenya batangaje ko aba bapolisi bazocungera inyubakwa n’ibikorwa remezo vya reta, ariko iki ciyumviro carahindutse inyuma y’aho Kenya irungikiye intumwa zo kwihweza akarere mu kwezi kwakurikiye.

Iki gihugu cipfuza kurungika ingabo zizorwanya imirwi yitwaje ibirwanisho, zigakingira abanyagihugu zikanagarukana umutekano n’ituze.

Umushikiranganji w’imigenderanire Alfred Mutua yabwiye BBC ko igihugu ciwe cipfuza kandi gufasha Haïti gusanura ibibanza nyamukuru no gushinga reta ishingiye ku ntwaro rusangi kandi itajegajega.

Ibihugu vya Bahamas, Jamaïque na Antigua-et-Barbuda vyatangaje ko bizorungika ingabo, kandi uno mushikiranganji yongeyeko ko na Espagne, Sénégal na Chili na vyo nyene bishobora kuzorungika ingabo.

Nta gihugu na kimwe gishobora kurungika ingabo mu gihe inama nkuru ya ONU ijejwe umutekano itaratanga uruhusha, ariko Mutua amenyesha ko yiteze ko izi ngabo zizoba zashitse muri ico gihugu mu ntango z’umwaka uza.

Ni ibiki igipolisi ca Kenya kizohura na vyo muri Haïti ?

Haïti ifise ibibazo vy’umutekano n’imibereho vy’ubwoko bwinshi, ivyo Guterres yita "amahano atagira izina".

Uturere tutari duke tw’umugwa mukuru Port-au-Prince ukikijwe n’imisozi, tugenzurwa canke twama duterwa ubwoba n’imirwi y’inkozi z’ikibi zitwaje ibirwanishob bikomakomeye (ibiharuro bimwe bivuga ko ari gushika ku rugero rwa 80 %).

Muri ino myaka ibiri iheze, iyi mirwi izwi mu rurimi rw’igi-créole rwa Haïti nka "Kraze Barye" (abasenyura amabariyeri) hamwe na "Gran Grif" (inzâra nini), yaranzwe n’ubukozi bw’ikibi bugizwe n’ubusuma, ubusahuzi, kunyaga urukombamazi, kunyuruza, gufata ku nguvu n’ubwicanyi.

Bitwaje inkoho ntonto zirekura amasasu menshi ica rimwe, nyinshi ziva muri Amerika, abagize ino mirwi usanga kenshi bakomeye gusumba igipolisi, mbere akenshi ugasanga baraturira amamodoka n’ibirindiro vyaco.

Baragenzura canke bagakora ibitero ku mabarabara makuru makuru yinjira n’ayasohoka ku mugwa mukuru.

Eka no mu burere butari buto bwo mu burengero no hagati muri Haïti harangwa imirwi yica igakiza, aho "ababandi" bigenza, nk’uko abanyagihugu bita abari muri ino murwi, batera bagaturira ibigwati n’ibisagara.

Iyi mirwi iteza imidugararo kandi ikabuza n’ibikorwa vya reta hamwe n’ivy’abagiraneza, bigatuma ubukene n’ibibazo vy’ubuzuvi biba bwinshi muri iki gihugu ca mbere gikenye ku ruhande rw’uburengero bw’isi.

Ni izihe nyungu Kenya yitezeyo ?

Mutua amenyesha ko ubwa mbere na mbere iki ari igikorwa co gutabara umugenzi.

Haïti yararavye hirya no hino hanyuma ivuga iti: "Kenya, turabasavye mudufashe. Nta kindi gihugu yasavye ubutabazi. Twafashe ingingo yo kurangura ishaka ry’Imana mu gufasha benewacu na bashiki bacu", niko uno mushikiranganji wa Kenya ajejwe imigenderanire yabwiye abanyamakuru.

Hagati aho, Mutua yabwiye BBC ko irungikwa ry’ingabo za Kenya muri Haïti rizotuma Kenya igira ikibanza kidasanzwe ku rubuga mpuzamakungu, ibi navyo bikazoba ari inyungu ku gihugu.

Bamwe mu bihweza ibintu n’ibindi babona ko Kenya yoba ihabwa amategeko ya Amerika, ko rero yizeye ko iki gihugu c’igihangange kw’isi kizoyorohereza mu buryo ubu canke buriya.

Amerika yariyemeje gushigikira ubu butumwa mu buryo bw’amafaranga gushika ku miriyoni 100 z’amadorari y’Abanyamerika.

Mu rugendo aherukamwo muri Kenya, umushikiranganji wo kwivuna abansi wa Amerika, Lloyd Austin, yarateye igikumu ku masezerano y’imyaka itanu mu vyo umutekano, anavuga ko Amerika "ikengurukira Kenya ku ruhara rwayo mu gufata iya mbere mu gutorera umuti ibibazo vy’umutekano mu karere no kw’isi yose".

Igipolisi ca Kenya coba citeguriye ubutumwa nk’ubu?

Abenshi mu banegura ino ngingo bafise amakenga ko igipolisi ca Kenya ata bushobozi gifise bwo guhangana n’imirwi y’inkorabara ya Haïti.

Bazohura n’izi nkozi z’ikibi muri ino mirwi zifise ibirwanisho ku rubuga batamenyereye.

Mutua avuga ko reta yiteguriye kurungika ingabo. Ariko nta nsiguro yatanze ku nteguro, uretse ko gusa abategetsi bariko barigisha ururimi rw’igifaransa intwazangabo zimwe zimwe kugira ngo bizokworohe mu guhanahana amakuru muri Haïti.

Ikibazo c’ururimi kirateje impungenge, kuko muri Haïti, abanyagihugu bavuga cane cane igifaransa n’igi-creole ca Haïti, mu gihe Kenya ikoresha icongereza n’igiswahili.

Igipolisi ca Kenya gifise ubushobozi nyabaki ?

Abapolisi ba Kenya baranegurwa kuva kera ku bikorwa vy’ihonyangwa ry’agateka ka muntu bagirizwa.

Amashirahamwe atari make aharanira agateka ka muntu afise amakenga ko abapolisi bazohava bitwara bunyamaswa muri Haïti.

Mu rwandiko rwarungikiwe Inama nkuru ya ONU ijejwe umutekano kw’isi mu kwezi kw’umunani, Amnesty International yavuze ko irajwe ishinga n’uno mugambi kubera akahise k’igipolisi ca Kenya gikoresha inguvu zirenze urugero mu gihe atari ngombwa.

Iri shirahamwe rivuga ko ryabonye dosiye zirenga 30 z’abapolisi ba Kenya bishe abari mu myiyerekano bakoresheje amasasu canke ivyuka vyokera mu myiyerekano yo muri uno mwaka.

Amnesty iragiriza kandi igipolisi gukubita, guhagarika no gupfunga hatisunzwe amategeko abari mu myiyerekano.

Umukuru w’igipolisi ca Kenya, Japhet Koome, wewe arashimagiza ingene ingabo ziwe zavyifashemwo mu myiyerekano iheruka.

Ariyamiriza ibirego vy’ubwicanyi vyagirizwa abapolisi, akavuga n’uburakari bwinshi abanyaporitike batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi ko bafashe ibiziga bakodesheje mu mazu y’uburuhukiro bakabishira mu bibanza vy’imyiyerekano kugira bagirize ingabo ziwe ko ari zo zabishe.

Ibikorwa vy’ubutumwa bw’ingabo mpuzamakungu muri Haïti muri kahise vyashitse kuki?

Haïti, igihugu cahoze gitwarwa n’Ubufaransa gikoloni mu karere ka Karayibe, kikaba ari co cabaye Repubulika ya mbere y’Abirabure kw’isi mu ntango z’ikinjana ca 19 inyuma y’imigumuko idasanzwe y’abacakara (1791), ifise akahise karanzwe n’ubutumwa mvamakungu butandukanye.

Amerika yarateye Haïti yongera irayigarurira kuva 1915 gushika 1934 mu kurungika ingabo n’abategetsi ba gisirikare.

Amerika kandi yararungitse ingabo mu 1994 na 2004, mu ntumbero yo "gukingira demokarasi" no kugarukana ituze.

Ibi bikorwa vyaratumye abanya-Haïti benshi binubira ubutumwa mvamakungu ubwo ari bwo bwose, cane cane bwa Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Ubundi butumwa bwo muri kahise bw’ingabo za ONU zo gucungera umutekano muri Haïti, nk’akarorero ingabo zizwi nka Minustah zari zirongowe na Brezili kuva 2004 gushika 2017, na zo nyene ntizabonywe neza, aho izo muri Nepal zagirijwe guteza ikiza ca korera (cholera) inyuma ya nyamugigima ruhonyanganda yo mu 2010.

Eka n’ibikorwa vy’ubutabazi vyakozwe n’igisirikare ca Amerika inyuma y’iyi nyamugigima, n’aho abanya-Haïti batari bake bavyishimiye, vyarateje impari zikomeye kubera batabona ryiza ukugene igihugu cari kibeshejweho n’imfashanyo n’ingene bamwe mu batabazi n’abasirikare bo kubungabunga amahoro babatoteza.

None Kenya irashobora gukora bigashimwa aho abandi bananiriwe?

Ubushobozi bwabo buzorabirwa ku kungene ingabo za Kenya zizoba zishoboye gutuza burundu ino mirwi y’inkozi z’ikibi no kugarukanira ituze abanyagihugu ba Haïti.

Nimba abajejwe umutekano ba Kenya bafise uburambe mu kurwanya umuhari Al-Shabab wiyitirira Islam no mu kugarukana ituze mu turere tw’ibisagara, ubu bazoba bari ku rubuga batamenyereye mu turere tw’ibisagara two ku kivuko no mu misozi ya Port-au-Prince.

Hano, abari muri iyi mirwi bafise inkoho bazi akarere kandi kenshi usanga bashigikiwe n’ababaha amakuru muri utwo turere.

Abanya-Kenya bazotegerezwa gukorana cane n’igipolisi ca Haïti.

Bashobora kandi gufatwa mu mugongo n’umuhari wo kwirwanako uhanganye n’iyi mirwi, uzwi nka "Bwa Kale" (igiti giharaguye), umaze kwica amajana y’abari muri ino mirwi muri ano mezi aheze, wica mbere ugaturira abiketswe ishengero rirorera.

Ariko kandi uno muhari ufise guteza ingorane mu gikorwa co kubuganguba umutekano.

Kenya izokenera uburyo bwo kwiyunguruza, ibikoresho n’igendereza yemerewe na Amerika n’ibindi bihugu.

Abanya-Haïti bibaza iki ku bufasha bemerewe na Kenya?

Reta y’umushikiranganji wa mbere Ariel Henry n’amakungu amufasha, hamwe n’ishirahamwe ONU, be n’amashirahamwe hafi yose makuru makuru y’abagiraneza, babona ko igikorwa gikomeye co kugarukana umutekano gifashwe mu mugongo n’amakungu ari co gishobora kugarukana ituze muri Haïti.

Hagati aho, imbere mu gihugu ivyiyumviro biratandukanye.

Kuva ku bashigikiye izi ngabo zibafata "nka benewacu b’Abanyafrika" gushika ku mashirahamwe atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi abona ko Henry – yashitse ku butegetsi nk’umushikiranganji wa mbere inyuma y’igandagurwa rya Perezida Moïse – nk’umutegetsi atabikwiye arondera ko ingabo mvamakungu zimufasha gutsimbataza intwaro yiwe.

Bamwe mu banegura ubu butumwa bagiriza Amerika n’ibindi bihugu vy’Uburengero kurondera gukoresha abasirikare ba Kenya ku nyungu za gikoloni no kurondera gucinyiza igihugu.

Umukuru w’umurwi w’inkozi z’ikibi azwi cane muri Haïti, Jimmy Cherizier, alias "Barbecue" yahoze ari umupolisi, agabisha ko azorwanya ingabo mvamakungu izo ari zo zose zizoba zirondera kugumiza Henry ku butegetsi.

Ikizwi ni kimwe : abapolisi ba Kenya, mu gihe bazoba bahanganya n’ino mirwi y’inkozi z’ikibi, bazotegerezwa kuraba neza bakirinda ko hari abasivire bagwa mu mporero kandi bakongera bagatsinda urugamba rwo kwigarurira " imitima n’imishaha" vy’abanyagihugu.