Inkuru ikora ku mutima ya Majed Abu Maraheel, uwa mbere yatwaye ibendera rya Palestina mu nkino za Olempike hanyuma akagwa mu ntambara ya Gaza

Amosozi y'umunezero aratemba. Ni itariki 19 Mukakaro (7) mu 1996, Majed Abu Maraheel yinjiye mu kibuga c'inkino za Olempique ca Centenaire ca Atlanta afise indendera rini rya Palestina.

Hariko harugururwa inkino za Olempique hanyuma, imbere y’iwe, umwe mu batunganije inkino afise icapa canditseko: ''Palestine''.

Ukwinjira kwiwe muri defire kumenyeshejwe n’amajwi abiri, rimwe ry’umugore (: '' Palestine'') irindi ry’umugabo (: ''Palestine'').

Ivyo gushika uwo munsi ntivyari bwigere biba.

Abantu barenga 8.000 mu kibuga bararavye Maraheel, mu gihe abandi baharurwa muri za miriyoni bariko baramuraba bari mu ngo zabo hirya no hino kw’isi.

''Yari intambwe ikomeye kuri Pelestina, atari mu ruhande rw’inkino, ahubwo mu ruhande rwo kurondera kuronka igihugu, kuko ku ncuro ya mbere, imboneshakure yari ivuze Palestina: Umwigisha wa kaminuza Javier Gonzalez del Castillo, umunywanyi w’ikigo gikora ubushakashatsi ku nkino Olempike ca kamimuza ya Buraya arasigurira BBC Mundo:

‘’Ico gihe cabaye ikimenyetso ku rugamba rw’Abanya-Palestina kugira bemerwe mu makungu''.

Ni inkuru y’umuntu yatwaye ubwa mbere ibendera ry’abanya-Palestina mu nkino za Olempike, yapfuye mu kwezi kwa gatandatu guheze.

''Mu kiringo kingana hafi ica kane c’ikinjana namenye Majed, nta na rimwe nigeze numva ijambo ribi rivugwa kuri we, ni nk’uko ata jambo ribi nigeze numva risohoka mu kanwa kiwe. Ni ikintu kigoye gushikako muri iyo ntambara y’Abanya-Israel n’Abanya-Palestina’’, niko umuhinga wa kahise St Charles Haddad yabwiye BBC World.

Abandanya avuga ko ivyo yashitseko mu migenderanire yiwe n’abantu ''bituma umuntu atahura ingene Majed yari umuntu adasanzwe no kwumva ico bisigura kumubura, atari ku biwe gusa ahubwo no kw’isi nzima’’.

''Twamaze gutsindira umudari w’inzahabu"

Iminsi mike inyuma y’itanguzwa ry’inkino za Atlanta, umunyamakuru Mark Sherman yanditse muri Atlanta Journal ko Maraheel atari ahagaritswe umutima n’imidari canke ko guhiganwa na ba rutura kw’isi ku metero 10.000.

Icari cihuta kuri uwo mugabo w’imyaka 32, kwari ugushika mu kibuga ku gihe kugira aje mw’isiganwa rya mbere ryatumye aba umunya-Palestina wa mbere yagiye mu nkino za Olempike kw’ibendera rya Palestina.

''Twamaze gutsindira umudari w’inzahabu kuba turi ngaha,'' niko yavuze.

Mu kiganiro yagiranye na Sherman, Maraheel yadugije ukubuko kw’impuzu yiwe kw’i buryo yerekana inkovu y’aho yakomerekejwe n’urusasu rw’abanya-Israel.

Kuri we kuba Abanya-Palestina bari i Atlanta vyafashije mu ''gukiza ibikomere no gufuta amashusho amwe amwe ababaje ya kahise''.

Mu nkuru ya New York Times, yavuze ko ''uguhangana uko ari ko kwose mu nkino Olempike hagati y’Abanya-Israel n’Abanya-Palestina kwari kuba mu mahoro''.

Iyo nkuru yasohowe na Judith Miller itariki 4 Ndamukiza (ukwezi kwa kane) mu 1996 yari ifise uwu mutwe : '' Ku mwirutsi w’umunya-Palestina, gutwara ibendera n’iteka rihagije''.

Mw’ ihiganwa ryo kurondera abaja mu gice ca nyuma, yabaye uwa 21.

Umukozi

Maraheel yavutse mu 1963, avukira mw’ikambi y’impunzi ya Nuseirat muri Gaza, aho abavyeyi biwe bari baje bahunze Beersheba (igisagara co mu bumanuko bwa Israel).

Umwanditsi rurangiranwa w’inkino Dudkey Doust yarishikiye mu karere ka Gaza agiye kurondera kumenya inkuru yiwe.

''Mu gihe yakora nk’umukozi muto muri Israel, uwo mwirutsi ku ntera ndende w’umunya-Palestina yaguma yinonora mu kwiruka buke buke buri munsi kuva aho yaba i Gaza gushika aho yakorera ku rubibe na Erez, ku birometero 20 mu buraruko.’’

Uko niko hatangura inkuru yasohotse muri Sunday Telegraph gato imbere y’inkino za Olempike zo ku wa 24 z’ukwezi kwa gatatu mu 1996.

Uwo munonotsi yayaze ingene amaze gutsinda isiganwa mw’isabukuru ry’inkino, Yasser Arafat, ico gihe yari umukuru w’ubutegetsi bwa Palestina, yaciye amushikiriza agashimwe aca amubaza ico yakora mu buzima.

Yamubwiye ko yakora mu mirima y‘amashurwe muri Israel kandi ko habaye ingorane, yari azi ''kwiruka anyaruka cane agashika aho yikinga''.

Uwo mutegetsi wa Palestina yaramwenyuye aca amubwira ati: ''Muri kazoza, uzoba mu bancungerera ubuzima ninagaruka Gaza’’.

N’uko yaciye aba mu bagize umugwi uza ubugira kabiri mu bakingira Arafat.

Icamushimisha cane muri ako kazi, ni uko yaronka umwanya wo kwimeneyereza (kwiruka).

''Uburyo bwo gukira''

Maraheel yaremera inkino cane ''ku bw’inkino nyene'', bivugwa na Haddad.

''Yarahimbarwa no kwiruka, ndazi ko kuri we bwari uburyo bwo gukira.''

N’ubwo ubuzima bwiwe bw’inkino bwatanguye akina umupira w’amaguru mu mugwi

Al Zaytoon muri Gaza, kazoza kiwe kari ahandi.

''Nubwo yakuriye ahantu higaruriwe kandi hari intambara, yagumye akomeza ukwiyumvamwo ubunonotsi. Kubera kugumizako no kwimenyereza mu mabarabara ya Gaza, yahavuye aba igihangange'', nk’uko bisigurwa na González del Castillo.

Kuri gahunda yiwe ya buri munsi yahavuye yongerako kwiruka mu mucamo gushiska aho aba umwirutsi anyaruka kurusha abandi mu mahiganwa y’aho.

Igihe Sherman yamubaza ubudasa hagati y’ibibanza vy’inkino muri Atlanta no muri Gaza, yishuyeb ati ''Ni nko mw’ijuru no kw’si''.

''Ntiyigeze kandi ntazokwigera aronka umumenyereza'', niko umunyamakuru Miller yanditse, ''nta n’ibirato nyavyo bigenewe kwiruka’’.

Haddad aribuka asoma iyo nkuru ya New York Times mu 1996. Iyo nkuru ya Maraheel yaramushitse cane, niko uwo muhinga wa kahise avuga, na we asanzwe afise se w’umunya-Palestina na nyina w’umunyamerikakazi.

Nawe nyeneye yarashatse kuja mu mahiganwa, nkw’uwusoza [ubwato], kw’izina rya Amerika i Sydney mu 2000. Mu nyuma yaribajije kubikora kw’ibendera rya Palestina. ''Ico gikorwa caciye kinjana i Gaza mu 2000, niho nabonaniye akanya gato na Majed.''

Hagati ya 2002 na 2004, niho yakorera, ari naho yaca agiranira ubugenzi nawe.

Arenze kuba umwirutsi

''Ubwa nyuma namubwiye ivya Atlanta, haraheze imyaka 20, igihe naba i Gaza'', nk’uko avyibuka.

''Ico nibuka, ni uko numvise ko umenga yaratahura akamaro k’uruhara rwiwe mu mateka.’’

Uretse ko yari umunonotsi, Haddad abona ko hari ikindi cashingiweko kugira atorwe gutwara ibendera : ''Kuba umuntu yicisha bugufi kandi atiyemeza mu mvugo. Yari umuntu ushobora kugirira icizere, ntiyari umuntu agerageza gutera imbere biciye mu migambwe''.

Aho uwo muhinga wa kahise ashaka kuvuga Fatah, umugamwe wa politike washinzwe na Arafat mu myaka ya 1950, Maraheel yari asanzwe akunda.

''Yakiriye uruhara rwiwe mu mateka n’ukwicisha bugugi hamwe no kwumva ukwitanga, atari ku banya-Palestina gusa, ariko kuko vy’ukuri yiyyumvamwo ico inkino za Olempike ziba zigamije.

Inzira ndende

Iruhande y’ako kanya Maraheel yatwaye ibendera rya Palestina, hari inzira ndende kandi y’inzitane.

Kuva mu myaka ya 1970, abategetsi ba Palestina barasavye komite mpuzamakungu ya Olempike (CIO) kwemera komite olempike ya Palestina (POP), ivyo bikaba vyabaye mu 1993.

Hanyuma igihe kirashika

''Bwari ubwa mbere ibendera ryacu ridugikwe mu nkino Olempike duca turarira kubera umunezero'', bivugwa na Omar Ali, ico gihe yari umunyamabanga mukuru wa COP, mu kiganiro ''Nos plus grands espoirs, nos pires craintes. La tragédie des Jeux de Munich'' [Umwizero wacu ukomeye kurusha iyindi, ubwoba bwacu bukomeye kurusha ubundi. Akaga k’inkino na Munich''] kuri BBC Sport.

Ku bwa Ibrahim Awad, umwigisha w’ibibazo vy’isi kuri kamiminuza y’Abanyamerika ya Cairo, ico gihe ''nta nkeka n’imwe ko cabaye ukwerekana n’ugusubira kwemeza akaranga k’ubunya-Palestina'', ariko kandi kiba igihe c'imbonekarimwe mu Barabu.

''Ikibazo c’Abanya-Palestina ni ikibazo c’Abarabu kuva gitanguye gushirwa ahabona, kuva mu myaka ya 20, 30 na 40. Si ikibazo c’Abanya-Palestina gusa. Mu myaka mirongo, amatati yamye yitwa ayo Abarabu n’Abanya-Israel'', niko yabwiye BBC Mundo.

CIO itegerezwa kukezwa, kuko yarafashije kugira hagaragare ubuvukanyi buranga agatima ka Olempike.

Ububabare bwa Munich

Kuba Palestina yari i Atlanta ntivvabonywe kumwe kuri bamwe bamwe kubera ivyari vyabaye i Munich mu 1972, igihe abanonotsi n’abamenyereza b’abanya-Israel n’umuporisi w’umudagi bicwa mu gitero c’abantu 8 bo mu muhari w’abanya-Palestina Septembre Noir (Nyakanga yirabura).

Cabaye ''igihe c’umwijima cane'', nk’uko Mareheel yabivuze mu nkuru ya Miller. ''Twarahindukije urupapuro none hari amahoro. None nzokwirukira ayo mahoro, amahoro, amahoro yonyene.''

Haddad yaranditse igitabo ''The File, Origins of the Munich Massacre'' gihagaze ku matohoza ashingiye ku nyandiko ibihumbi n’ibihumbi zo mu bubiko zivuga kahise ka COP n’amamuko y’ubwicanyi bwa Mumich.

Muri ico gitabo, aragaruka ku kwitaba inkino Olempike kwa Maraheel hamwe no gutanguza inkino Olempike.

''Mu kwinjiza ubwa mbere ibendera rya Palestina mu kibuga, biragoye kuvuga ingene abanya-Israel n’abanya-Paelstina benshi buzuwe n’umutima wo kubohoka no kwizera'', niko uwo muhinga wa kahise avuga.

Kandi mu bwugamo hari abana b’ababari biciwe Munich, nabo bakomeye amashi Maraheel n’intumwa z’Abanya-Palestina binjiye mu kibuga.

Anouk Spitzer, umukobwa wa Andre Spitzer, yiciwe muri ico gitero, yibukije ico gihe mu kiganiro ca ABC Sports :

''Twashaka kwereka isi ko ibintu bishobora gutandukana kandi ko vyategerezwa kugenda uko'', niko yavuze. ''Inkino za Olempike… ntizategerezwa kuba iz’abantu bicaye, babohewe mu cumba, batekewe n’ubwoba, bataha iwabo mu masandugu y’abapfuye.''

Hanyuma yongerako ati : ''Ico (igikorwa co gukoranya abantu) nico ciyumviro ca Olempike hanyuma twebwe (abana b’abo 11 ba Munich) turashobora kugenda tugana imbere tukubaha abo bantu b’abanonotsi, hanyuma inyuma y’ivyo, bakaba n’abanya-Palestina, ariko imbere n’abanonotsi kandi turabubaha.''

Abyahudi baba i Atlanta baratunganije ibirori vyo kwibuka abiciwe mu gitero kandi baratumira intumwa z'Abanya-Palestina.

''Barabonanye n'imiryango y'ababuriye ababo i Munich. Majed yari muri uwo mubonano'', nk'uko bivugwa na Haddad.

Umukobwa wa Yossef Romano, uwundi munonotsi yaguye muri ico gitero, yaravuze akajambo gatoya, mu nyuma umwe mu ntumwa za Palestina aramwegera hanyuma amusoma mu ruhanga. ''Vyarimwo ibigumbagumba vyinshi cane'', nk'uko Oshrat yabivuze muri ico kiganiro.

Umumenyereza.

Kuba Maraheel yari i Atlanta vyarafashije kugira abana b’Abanya-Palestina bace mu makanda yiwe mu kwijukira inkino, nk’uko bisigurwa na González del Castillo.

''Inyuma y’inkino za Olempique, yaciye abandanya aterera mw’iterambere ry’ubunonotsi muri Palestina, mu kumenyereza abari kuzovamwo abandi nka we no guteza imbere iserukirwa rya Palestina mu nkino mpuzamakungu.''

Yarateguye abanonotsi bitavye inkino Olempike za 2008 na 2012.

''Iragi ryiwe riguma ari icibutso c'ubushobozi n'ishaka ry'abanya-Palestina, birenze ukubohwa n'ingaruka z'intambara ya poritike na gisirikare.''

Haddad, yashinze Urwego rwa Palestina rw’umukino wa aviron (umwe mu mikino yo gusoza ubwato) mu 1998, avuga ko yari afise akamenyero ko kujana abanonotsi biwe kwiruka ku kibuga c’inkino mu gisagara ca Gaza.

Aho, aca ahasanga Maraheel. ''Iminsi yose, naja kumenyereza umugwi w’abanonotsi'' nk’uko yibuka.

''Yarashimwa cane n’abanonotsi. Yabamenyereza ashizemwo kububaha. Ntiyigeze aba umuntu abarenza urwamo.

''Igihe umwe mu bahungu biwe yakomerekera muri imwe mu ntambara zikomeye (zabaye) muri Gaza, twaravuganye. Nta jambo na rimwe ribi yigeze avuga ku vyabaye canke ku banya-Israel. ''Ntiyari umuntu avugishwa n’ishavu.''

BBC Mundo yavuganye na COP iyibwira ko kuva mu 2017, Mareheel yari ajejwe imirimo yo gutunganya no gutegura abanonotsi benshi, akanategura ivyigwa ku bamenyereza, abahagararira inkino n’abaherekaza abakinyi.

"Abu Maraheel yarangwa n’agatima katagira agatotsi k’umwuga, gufashanya no kwitangira abandi. Akenshi yarategura wenyene ikambi yo kwimenyererezamwo''.

Iherezo

Muri Ruheshi mu 2024, ku myaka 61, Maraheel yarapfuye.

Ku bwa COP, muri iyi ntambara ya vuba yo muri Gaza, ''Abu Maraheel, ata kibazo c’amagara yari asanganywe, yafashwe n’ingwara zikomeye z’ibisebuzi kubera ukurya nabi hamwe no kuva iwe akaja mw’ikambi y’impunzi ya Nuseirat''.

''Ivyo vyatumye amafyigo yiwe adasubira gukora neza mu gihe ata na hamwe hariho ho kwivuza. Yarakize akanya gato, ariko mu nyuma amagara yiwe aca arunyuka amaherezo aca agwa muri koma (coma) imbere y’uko apfa.''

Inyuma y’igitero ca Hamas muri Israel ku wa 7 Gitugutu, caguyemwo abantu 1.200 n’abandi 252 banyurujwe, Israel yaciye ikora igitero co kwivuna kugira isambure Hamas yongere ibohoze abanyurujwe. Ico gitero kimaze kugwamwo abantu 38.900 n’abarenga 70.000 bamaze gukomereka muri Gaza, ku bw’ubushikiranganji bwa Gaza bujejwe amagara y’abantu.

Amashirahamwe y’abagiraneza n’ayafasha abantu bari mu kaga aguma agabisha ko igisata c’amagara muri Gaza kigeze aho umwansi ashaka.

Uretse ubukene bw’imiti n’ibikoresho vyo kwa muganga, hiyongerako ubukene bw’ibitoro, ivyo vyose, ku bw’ishami rya ONU riraba amagara kw’isi, bikaba bishobora gutera ''akaga''.

Ku bw’itangazo rya ONU ryo ku wa 5 Mukakaro (7), ''Amatara aracika bikagira ingaruka ku vyumba vyo kubundikira abana bavuka batageze, ahavurirwa abafise amafyigo atagikora neza n’abategerezwa kwitabwaho mu buryo budasanzwe mu bitaro, ivyo bigashira ubuzima bw’abantu mu kaga''.