Ndayishimiye, Tshisekedi na Kagame biteze iki ku ntsinzi ya Trump?

Ubwo byasobanukaga mu gitondo cy'ejo ku wa gatatu ko Donald Trump agiye kuba Perezida w'Amerika ku nshuro ya kabiri, abategetsi bo mu bice bitandukanye muri Afurika batangiye gutangaza ubutumwa ku rubuga nkoranyambaga X bwo kumushimira no kumwifuriza ishya n'ihirwe.

Mu butumwa buri mu Cyongereza, Perezida w'u Burundi Évariste Ndayishimiye yavuze ko ashimiye abikuye ku mutima Trump "ku ntsinzi yawe yanditse amateka", yongeraho ko ategereje n'amashyushyu "gukomeza gushimangira ubufatanye bw'u Burundi n'Amerika".

Perezida wa Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo Félix Tshisekedi na we yavuze ko mu izina rye n'iry'abaturage b'igihugu cye, ashimiye cyane Trump "ku ntsinzi ye nziza mu matora ya perezida y'Amerika".

Mu butumwa buri mu Gifaransa bwatangajwe n'ibiro bye, byagize biti: "Perezida yiteguye gukorana na Perezida mushya w'Amerika watowe no gushimangira ubufatanye hagati ya RDC na Leta Zunze Ubumwe [z'Amerika] bisanzwe bifitanye umubano mwiza w'ubushuti n'ubufatanye."

Mu Cyongereza, Perezida w'u Rwanda Paul Kagame, mu izina rya leta y'u Rwanda n'iry'Abanyarwanda, yashimiye Trump ku "gutorwa kwawe kwanditse amateka kandi kudasubirwaho [gukomeye] nka Perezida wa 47 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe [z'Amerika]".

Yongeyeho ati: "Ubutumwa bwawe busobanutse bwamye ari uko Leta Zunze Ubumwe [z'Amerika] zikwiye kuba umufatanyabikorwa w'amahitamo [mwiza] ureshya [ukurura abandi] kubera urugero rwe [atanga], aho guhatira abandi ibitekerezo bye n'uburyo bw'imibereho ye.

"Ku bw'ibyo, ntegereje n'amashyushyu gukorana nawe mu nyungu rusange y'ibihugu byacu byombi mu myaka iri imbere."

Mu majyepfo y'Afurika, Perezida wa Zimbabwe Emmerson Mnangagwa, uhanze amaso ibyutswa (ivugurura) ry'umubano hagati y'ibihugu byombi, yanditse ati: "Zimbabwe yiteguye gukorana nawe."

Ni mu gihe mu burengerazuba bw'Afurika, Perezida wa Nigeria Bola Tinubu yagaragaje ko yizeye ko manda ya kabiri ya Trump izazana "ubufatanye mu bukungu n'iterambere ku mpande zombi hagati y'Afurika na Leta Zunze Ubumwe [z'Amerika]".

Ariko se Trump nimero ya kabiri azakorana neza n'Afurika?

Mu gihe cya manda ye ya mbere (2017– 2021) ku butegetsi, abamunenga bamushinje gupfobya Afurika, agabanya inkunga zimwe na zimwe, agabanya umubare w'abimukira, ndetse amakuru avuga ko yavuze ko ibihugu bimwe byo muri Afurika ari "imyobo y'umwanda".

Nyamara ariko, yanatangije gahunda zo kongera ishoramari muri Afurika – gahunda zigikora n'ubu nyuma y'imyaka itatu yari amaze atakiri ku butegetsi.

Ariko se ni gute ashobora kuba agiye gukorana n'Afurika kuri iyi nshuro?

Ubucuruzi n'ishoramari

W Gyude Moore, umushakashatsi wo mu kigo gikora ubushakashatsi ku iterambere ku isi, the Center for Global Development, wahoze ari Minisitiri muri Liberia, yabwiye BBC ko ubutegetsi bucyuye igihe bwa Joe Biden "bwagerageje cyane rwose kugaragaza ko bubona ko Afurika ari umufatanyabikorwa w'agaciro kandi w'ingenzi".

Moore avuga ko Biden yagowe no guhuza ibyo (kubijyanisha) n'ishyaka ryo gutuma habaho amasezerano akomeye n'ubufatanye bukomeye, ariko avuga ko ibyo bidasobanuye ko gahunda ye kuri Afurika nta musaruro na mucye yatanze.

Urugero, Amerika yashimwe ku gushora imari mu muhora uzwi nka 'Lobito Corridor' – inzira ya gariyamoshi inyura muri Angola, Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo na Zambia, izakoreshwa mu bwikorezi bw'ibikoresho fatizo by'ingenzi cyane.

Mu mwaka wa 2023, Amerika yavuze ko yakoze ishoramari muri Afurika rya miliyari zirenga 22 z'amadolari kuva Biden ageze ku butegetsi.

Ariko hari impungenge ko Trump ashobora gusubiza inyuma iryo shoramari n'ubucuruzi.

Uwo vuba aha ugiye kurahirira kuba Perezida, afite icyerekezo cyo kurinda no kurebana n'iby'Amerika cyane kurusha Biden – imwe mu ntero ze muri manda ye ya mbere yari "Amerika mbere na mbere".

Amasezerano mu bucuruzi, azwi mu mpine y'Icyongereza nka AGOA, guhera mu mwaka wa 2000 yafashije ibihugu byo muri Afurika byemerewe kuyajyamo kohereza ku isoko ry'Amerika umwe mu musaruro wabyo bitarinze kwishyura imisoro, ni kimwe mu biteje impungenge zikomeye.

Ku butegetsi bwe bwa mbere, Trump yavuze ko iyo gahunda itazongerererwa igihe ubwo izaba irangiye mu mwaka wa 2025.

Ndetse no mu bikorwa bye byo kwiyamamaza muri uyu mwaka wa 2024, yasezeranyije gushyira mu ngiro gahunda ireba bose y'umusoro wa 10% ku nyungu ku bicuruzwa byose byakorewe mu mahanga.

Ibyo byatuma ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu bihenda cyane, rero Abanyafurika boherezayo ibicuruzwa byashoboka ko bacuruza umusaruro mucye muri iryo isoko rinini ry'Amerika.

Ababikurikiranira hafi bo muri Afurika y'Epfo – kimwe mu bihugu byohereza umusaruro mwinshi cyane muri Amerika muri gahunda y'amasezerano ya AGOA – bateganya ko kugabanya AGOA bishobora kugira ingaruka ikomeye ku bukungu bw'icyo gihugu.

Ariko ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi cyo muri Amerika, Brookings Institution, giteganya ko umusaruro mbumbe (GDP/PIB) w'Afurika y'Epfo wagabanukaho "0.06% gusa".

Ku ruhande rumwe, ibyo byaterwa no kuba ibicuruzwa byinshi Afurika y'Epfo yohereza muri Amerika – nk'amabuye y'agaciro n'ibyuma [metal] – mu by'ukuri nta cyo byungukira mu kuba hariho ayo masezerano ya AGOA, nkuko ikigo Brookings Institution kibivuga.

Nubwo Trump atari ashishikajwe na AGOA, yemeye ko niba Amerika ishaka guhangana no kugira ijambo mu rwego rw'ubukungu kw'Ubushinwa gukomeje kwiyongera muri Afurika, icyeneye kugumishaho ikigero runaka cy'ubufatanye n'Afurika.

Mu mwaka wa 2018, ubutegetsi bwa Trump bwamuritse gahunda bwise 'Prosper Africa', cyangwa 'Tera imbere Afurika', ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda.

Ni gahunda ifasha kompanyi zo muri Amerika zishaka gushora imari muri Afurika – n'ikigo cyitwa Development Finance Corporation (DFC), gitera inkunga imishinga y'iterambere muri Afurika no mu bice bitandukanye byo ku isi.

Biden yagumishijeho izo gahunda zombi nyuma yo kugera ku butegetsi, ndetse ikigo DFC kivuga ko kugeza ubu kimaze gushora imari ya miliyari zirenga 10 z'amadolari y'Amerika muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara.

Kubera ko Ubushinwa bugikomeye muri Afurika ndetse Trump akaba ari we ubwe watangije izo gahunda, birashoboka ko ashobora kubanza kongera kubitekerezaho neza mbere yo kuzigabanya.

Imfashanyo

Nyinshi mu mfashanyo Afurika ibona, iyihabwa n'Amerika. Muri uyu mwaka w'imari, Amerika yavuze ko yahaye Afurika imfashanyo ya miliyari hafi 3,7 z'amadolari.

Ariko ubutegetsi Trump yaherukagaho, amakuru avuga ko bwari bwakomeje gutanga ibitekerezo byo kugabanya imfashanyo igenewe amahanga.

Inteko ishingamategeko y'Amerika – aho imfashanyo igenewe amahanga yari ishyigikiwe n'amashyaka yombi – yanze iryo gabanya.

Iyo iryo gabanya ry'imfashanyo riba ryarashyizwe mu ngiro, "ingamba Amerika imenyereweho z'ubuzima, guteza imbere demokarasi, n'ubufasha mu by'umutekano muri Afurika zari kurimbuka", nkuko ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi ku bubanyi n'amahanga cyo muri Amerika, cyitwa Council on Foreign Relations, cyabivuze.

Ariko hashobora kutabaho imbogamizi nini ku kugabanya imfashanyo mu gihe abarepubulikani baba batsindiye ubwiganze bukomeye mu nteko ishingamategeko, nyuma y'ibyavuye mu matora yo ku wa kabiri.

Iryo shyaka ryamaze kwegukana (ubuyobozi) inteko ishingamategeko umutwe wa sena, ndetse ubu rifite ubwiganze mu mutwe w'abadepite.

Hari n'impungenge ko Trump ashobora gufunga PEPFAR, gahunda y'Amerika imaze imyaka irenga 20 yashyize muri Afurika akayabo k'amadolari mu kurwanya SIDA.

Mu mwaka ushize, abadepite bo mu ishyaka ry'abarepubulikani – ishyaka Trump arimo – bamaganye cyane gahunda ya PEPFAR, bavuga ko yamamaza serivisi zo gukuramo inda.

Iyo gahunda yongerewe igihe gito cyo kugeza muri Werurwe (3) mu mwaka utaha, ariko Trump – uzwiho kurwanya gukuramo inda – ashobora gukuraho iyo gahunda.

Abimukira

Ibitekerezo bya Trump ku bimukira badakurikije amategeko, birasobanutse – mu bikorwa bye byo kwiyamamaza muri uyu mwaka, yasezeranyije kwirukana abantu miliyoni imwe badafite uruhushya rwemewe n'amategeko rwo kuba muri Amerika.

Ibyo biteye impungenge Afurika kuko mu mwaka wa 2022, abimukira b'Abanyafurika bagera ku 13,000 batangajwe ko ari bo babaruwe ku mupaka w'Amerika na Mexique, nkuko imibare y'ikigo cy'Amerika gishinzwe gasutamo no kurinda umupaka ibigaragaza.

Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2023, uwo mubare wari wamaze kwikuba inshuro enye ugera ku bimukira b'Abanyafurika 58,000. Bamwe muri abo baba bizeye kugera muri Amerika, baba bavuga ko bahunze intambara, itotezwa hamwe n'ubucyene.

Iyo ntiyaba ari yo gahunda ye ya mbere ikomeye yo kurwanya abimukira. Kuri manda ye ya mbere, Trump yatangije ingamba zagabanyije abimukira bo mu bihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika, birimo Nigeria, Eritrea, Sudani na Tanzania.

Urubuga rw'amakuru Taifa Leo rwo muri Kenya rwatangaje ko abimukira bava muri icyo gihugu, bagera hafi ku 160,000, bahangayitse ko bazakorerwa ivangura ku butegetsi bwa Perezida Trump.

Umutekano n'intambara

Mu gihe Trump atari ari ku butegetsi, Uburusiya bwongereye ibikorwa byabwo muri Afurika.

Bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi Uburusiya bwakoresheje, ni ugutanga abasirikare n'intwaro ku bihugu byibasiwe n'intagondwa zigendera ku mahame akaze yiyitirira Isilamu, nko muri Mali, Niger na Burkina Faso.

Uko gushinga ibirenge muri Afurika kw'Uburusiya guteye inkeke Amerika – ibyo bihugu byombi ni abacyeba b'ibihe byose.

Trump yaba azaha ubufasha ibihugu byo muri Afurika mu kugerageza gusunikira hanze Uburusiya?

Moore yabwiye BBC ati: "Nubwo urwego rw'umutekano w'igihugu rwo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe [z'Amerika] rubona ko Uburusiya buteje inkeke, Trump ku giti cye ntiyakoze nk'ubona ko Uburusiya buteje inkeke."

Hari uguhwihwisa ko Trump afitanye umubano wa hafi cyane na Perezida w'Uburusiya Vladimir Putin kurusha uko abigaragaza.

Ariko mu gihe cyashize, Trump yagobotse Nigeria mu kuyifasha mu kurwanya Boko Haram, umutwe w'intagondwa zigendera ku mahame akaze yiyitirira Isilamu, umaze imyaka 15 uyogoza icyo gihugu cyo muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba.

Ehiozuwa Johnson Agbonayinma, wahoze ari Depite muri Nigeria, yabwiye ikinyamakuru the Vanguard cyo muri icyo gihugu ati:

"Mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa [Perezida Barack] Obama, Abanya-Nigeria bafite ubwenegihugu bw'Amerika bamushyigikiye [bamwamamaje] ubudacogora, nyamara yanze ubusabe bwa Nigeria bw'intwaro.

"Igihe benewacu bo mu majyaruguru ya Nigeria bari barimo bagabwaho ibitero na Boko Haram, Trump ni we amaherezo wemeje igurwa ry'indege [z'intambara] za Tucano, bituma twongerera imbaraga ubwirinzi bwacu."

Hari n'ikibazo cy'intambara yo muri Sudani, imaze amezi 18, ndetse imaze kwicirwamo abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi za mirongo.

Moore yagize ati: "Trump ni umucuruzi cyane.

"Rwose ndashidikanya ko ubutegetsi bwa Trump buzita cyane ku bibera muri Sudani kurusha, tuvuge [urugero], uko ubutegetsi bwa Biden bwabigenje."

Ariko amaherezo, nta buryo bwo kumenya neza neza ibyo Trump azibandaho nagera ku butegetsi.

Nkuko Moore abivuga: "Trump ni umuntu wihariye cyane mu buryo akora ikintu cyose. Rero umuntu agomba kwitega cyane ibintu bishya, atari ibintu byiza byanze bikunze, ahubwo ibintu bishya byabaho."

Amakuru y'inyongera yatawe na Didier Bikorimana wa BBC Gahuzamiryango.